Euthanasia Essay - Assisted Suicide Must be an Option -- Euthanasia Ph

Euthanasia Essay - Assisted Suicide Must be an Option Life is a precious gift. Humans have the ability to decide how their lives are to be lived. In the United States, people can legally control to a limited extent their death. In a living will, a person can request that extraordinary life sustaining measures be withheld in terminal medical condition. However, the abrupt ending of a life via assisted suicide is controversial. Should people be allowed to take their own lives when facing a dire and prolonged ending? I believe that they should have that option. Euthanasia, or mercy killing, can be defined as the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies (Euthanasia). The infamous Dr. Kevorkian is known for assisting many people in their suicides. He was eventually tried and convicted for his role in this area. What crime did he commit? The people whom he assisted sought him out to help them have a calm and peaceful death chthonic their own control. During Dr. Kevorkians trial, questions were raised suggesting ...

lung cancer Essay -- essays research papers

Lung crab louse is the leading cancer killer in both manpower and women. There were an estimated 164,100 new cases of lung cancer and an estimated 156,900 deaths from lung cncer in the get together States in 2000. The rate of lung cancer cases appears to be dropping among white and African-American men in the United States, while it continues to rise among both white and African-American women.There argon two major types of lung cancer non-small stall lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is much more common. It usually spreads to different parts of the body more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma, ademocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are three types of non-small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer also called oat cell cancer, accounts for about 20% of all lung cancer. Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer may also be the most tragic cancer because in most cases, it might have been prevented -- 87% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking. bum fume contains more than 4,000 different chemicals, many of which are proven cancer-causing substances, or carcinogens. Smoking cigars or pipes also increases the risk of lung cancer. Many of the chemicals in tobacco smoke also affect the the nonsmoker inhaling the smoke, making "secondhand smoking" another important cause of lung cancer. It is responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and as many as 62,000 deaths from heart disease a...

education Essay -- essays research papers

Education in contemporary American society is one aspect in the process of socialisation in which people learn how to act correctly in society and learn specific behaviors needed to be able to function in at presents society. In the United States schools teach what it means to be American and the traits that go along with it. For example children are taught the English language, learn the common heritage shared by all Americans, and are reiterated the basics of society. The education governing body in addition attempts to give children from different cultural backgrounds the same Anglo education. The education system also acts as an intergrator of the lower class children into the mainstream of the rest of the children. Also the education system acts as a type of screening process by finding which students are best suited for certain jobs. The education system by issuing diplomas, degrees, and other credentials, determines which student will have access to the more financially scented positions in society. In a way schools also prepare children for day-to-day work by going through the same routines everyday. The system of grades parallels the wage system in society as well. The education system in the United States is primarily used for the preparation of the young childs socialization. Prejudice refers to attitudes of annoyance and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong to it and hence are presumed to have the objectionable qual...

Realism vs. Romanticism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essays

Nathaniel Hawthornes classic tale Young Goodman Brown is a good example of a short fib embodying both characteristics of realism and characteristics of romanticism. M. H. Abrams defines romantic themes in prominent writers of this school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as being five in number (1) innovations in the materials, forms and style (2) that the work involve a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings (3) that external nature be a persistent unfastened with a sensuous nuance and accuracy in its description (4) that the reader be invited to identify the protagonist with the author himself and (5) that this be an age of new beginnings and mettlesome possibilities for the person (177-79). Let us examine Young Goodman Brown in light of the above. First of all, Hawthorne was a real innovator in his use of the mental approach to characters within a story. A. N. Kaul considers Hawthorne preeminently a psychological writer burrowing, to his utmost abili ty, into the depths of our common nature, for the purposes of psychological romance. . . . (2). Q. D. Leavis says Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin. . . . unless in Hawthorne, by a wonderful feat of transmutation, it has no religious significance, it is as a psychological state that it is explored (37). The reader experiences most of the story done the eyes and feelings of the protagonist, Goodman. In the following passage the reader is allowed, as is typical, to read his thoughts Poor little Faith thought he, for his heart smote him. What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand She talks of dreams, too. Methought, as she spoke, there was troubl... ... Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html James, Henry. Hawthorne. http//eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Kaul, A.N. Introduction. In Hawthorne A Collect ion of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Leavis, Q.D. Hawthorne as Poet. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for Success :: American America History

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for SuccessWhy was Cortes with 508 soldiers able to conquer the Aztec Empire with millions of people?Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs for several truly different reasons. In combination these reasons allowed him to have the upper hand in the conquest of Mexico. Arguably these reasons can be sorted into six different categories. The diverse causes for Cortes triumph will be assessed in a climax pattern. To begin with the Aztecs had a harsh tribute system that was not popular among the people of Mexico. This feral tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. Furthermore, with the Spanish brought several diseases into Mexico in witch they were immune to but the Aztecs were not. The spread of diseases such as minuscule pox reduced the Aztec population and furthered Cortes success unintentionally Also Marina was a tribal girl given as a gift to Cortes, she proved priceless in translating local dialects in combination with Geronimo de Aguilar. Also an important aspect of his success was due to Montezumas belief that Cortes was Quetzakoatl. A predominant reason for the Spanish success was due to their weaponry especially their armour and firepower. Perhaps the most important reason of all was that of Cortes Indian allies such as the Tlaxcalans who made up the majority of his combined army. All these reasons worked together to allow Cortes, originally with 508 men to conquer the Aztec Empire of millions of people. To begin with, the Aztecs cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. The process of human sacrifice was extremely common and was feared by the majority of the common people. The Aztecs as a nourishment for the Sun and all new(prenominal) gods needed human sacrifice. The Aztecs sacrificed between 10,000 and 50,000 victims per year. As the majority of those who were sacrificed were fight captives who opposed the Aztecs, they obviously greatly feared the brutal tribute system. However not only war capti ves were sacrifices, common adults and children were also sacrificed at times. Cortes himself was disgusted at the thought of human sacrifice, this allowed him to gain Indian allies as well as gain think of among Mexican tribes that feared and opposed the Aztecs. The majority of the population feared the process therefore making Cortes, whom despised the process, an appealing alternative. Many followed Cortes as they shared the same views on the human sacrifice topic.

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for Success :: American America History

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for SuccessWhy was Cortes with 508 soldiers able to conquer the Aztec Empire with millions of people?Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs for several very different reasons. In combination these reasons allowed him to have the upper hand in the conquest of Mexico. Arguably these reasons can be sorted into six different categories. The various causes for Cortes success depart be assessed in a climax pattern. To begin with the Aztecs had a harsh tribute organisation that was not popular among the people of Mexico. This cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. Furthermore, with the Spanish brought several diseases into Mexico in witch they were immune to but the Aztecs were not. The spread of diseases such as small pox cut back the Aztec population and furthered Cortes success unintentionally Also Marina was a tribal girl given as a gift to Cortes, she proved invaluable in translating topical anesthetic dialects in combination with Geronimo de Aguilar. Also an important aspect of his success was due to Montezumas belief that Cortes was Quetzakoatl. A predominant reason for the Spanish success was due to their fortification especially their armour and firepower. Perhaps the most important reason of all was that of Cortes Indian allies such as the Tlaxcalans who made up the majority of his combine army. All these reasons worked together to allow Cortes, originally with 508 men to conquer the Aztec Empire of millions of people. To begin with, the Aztecs cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. The impact of pitying sacrifice was extremely common and was feared by the majority of the common people. The Aztecs as a nourishment for the Sun and all other gods needed human sacrifice. The Aztecs sacrificed between 10,000 and 50,000 victims per year. As the majority of those who were sacrificed were war captives who contrasted the Aztecs, they obviously greatly feared the brutal tribute system. However no t only war captives were sacrifices, common adults and children were similarly sacrificed at times. Cortes himself was disgusted at the thought of human sacrifice, this allowed him to gain Indian allies as well as gain respect among Mexican tribes that feared and opposed the Aztecs. The majority of the population feared the process therefore making Cortes, whom despised the process, an appealing alternative. Many followed Cortes as they shared the same views on the human sacrifice topic.

Original Writing : Do kids have ambitions or do they

Ambitions. An egger desire to achieve something in life. Now a days if you gestate kids what are your ambitions forty two percent reply I dont find any I entirely go with the flow and see what life has in store for me. Is this the answer we really desire to hear from our future leaders this doesnt sound very promising.Having ambitions to be or do something is encouraging to achieve your goals. If you have an ambition you have something to work towards however kids today just want to play computer games and set no targets in life for them self. Is this really what we want kids to be doing, our future.People work hard to achieve there ambitions and to make them a reality instead of just an ambition any more. Anna Cleaver from capital of the United Kingdom had an ambition to be a leading plastic surgeon in the heart of New York. She was determined to fulfil her ambition to succeed and now if we play at Anna she is one of the top leading surgeons in the heart New York and recognised by raft all over the world. She was once a mean(prenominal) person with a ambition working hard got her this far and now she is where she wanted to be in life at the top of her game.From ordinary people like Anna to famous people Britney Spears have ambitions her ambition was to become a singer from a young age she has been working hard to succeed in becoming a singer. She didnt just wake up one day and just become what she is today she worked hard for it. It was her ambition since she was a young daughter and today look at her she has fulfilled her ambition.I also have ambitions. My ambition is to go to university when I finishCollege to fulfil this ambition I carry to work hard in school studies and I am determined to succeed it will be a tough ride but you just have to believe in your self.One very ambitious man said, Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today, Malcolm X. This is something that has been proven right so peo ple of today should use this to make a better life for themselves. Education is something that can help achieve a lot of peoples ambitions and should be interpreted very seriously. But not every one is a academic but this still applies because if your ambition is sport you still have to educate yourself with the friendship to platy the game.Every one should have ambitions and believe they can succeed children and adults, people of all ages. One thing this world lacks is people believing in them selves all you need is some belief and determination to fulfil your ambitions. Have a goal in life and you will achieve anything.

Putting Our Brains on Hold Essay

The reading Putting Our Brains on Hold, by Bob Herbert, indicates that the United States is twelve among countries with college degrees. Also, this reading indicates that the percentage of heap with college degrees has fallen, and that Americas young people are moving in the wrong direction at a clock when college education is needed. Herbert says that engagement in issues that croak in club can lead to creative ideas and would enrich the lives of Americans. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen in society.The most significant idea in this reading is parents, students, the educational establishment, government leaders, and the news media having the blame for not letting the society engage in the issues that happen to the society. Many children do badly in school because of their parents. Children of middle and upper classes are more potential to get high grades. Traumatic events can affect a child by giving that child a poor grade.The mo re time a parent spends with a child the more likely a child is to get a better grade.Children can do baldy in the classroom because of their carelessness.Teacher preparation is important for a teacher to be effective in the classroom. Good teacher preparation can have an affect on a students academic achievement. A teachers confidence can affect a students performance. It is important that teachers believe in themselves and in their abilities.The media can also affect childrens performance in school in a negative way. Television watching can tack activities that can help a child do better in school such as reading and doing homework. Television can also knock back reading. Reading requires more thinking than television watching. Reading development. This is how television can affect a persons performance in school.Many people are not learning about the issues that happen in society. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen everyday. This eng agement can lead to creative ideas.

Phobias and Addiction Paper Essay

A phobia is a learned bodily resolution in reference to a difficult life event. Centered in the amygdala portion of the brain which regulates the fight or flight response, a corporeal sensation of anxiety occurs in the presence of specific stimuli. The precipitating factor whitethorn begin been see by the person themselves-or may have been experienced secondhand through misfortune that may have occurred to a friend or loved on. In some cases, a phobia may have no discernible cause or may appear irrational-to everyone but the person experiencing itPhobic reactions or symptoms of anxiety bottom of the inning include a racing heart, sweaty palms, an upset stomach and a general feeling of unease. chaste conditioning is a response that is triggered by an outside stimulus-or the thought of such stimulus. The hone example is the Pavlovian response-in which Pavlov would ring a bell before dinnertime and his dogs would salivate. Over time, he extinguished the presence of the food yet k ept the vibrancy of the bell. The dogs so far salivated-at the idea of food coming, a basic bodily response to the suggestion of a specific stimulus.This is commonly referred to as a Pavlovian response. Classical conditioning has two components to it-the acquisition stage and the extinction phase. In the acquisition stage, the initial learned response is obtained. For example, in the case of a phobia-a person may break out in a cold sweat presence of crossing a bridge deck as he drives. In the extinction phase, the bridge may not be present but the memory of it may be present-enough to still cause the phobic reaction. Thus, merely thinking about a stimulus, even when it is extinct, can still bring on the uniform phobic response.The phobic response, in that locationfore, is streng becauseed each time it is felt. The stimulus-present or not-extinct or not-become fused unitedly in the persons mind. The phobia sufferer then will go to great lengths to avoid the stimulus at any co st. The phobia then worsens as he avoids facing his fears head on. This is how classical conditioning can increase the intensity of a phobia. Addictions are defined as a unforgiving behavioral pattern that is marked by physical and/or psychological dependency on someone or something.Addictions became an issue in the treatment surround when they significantly disrupt the life of the addicted individual. Terminology has become quite complicated. Those individuals from a medical background define addiction from a physiological basis. For example-opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol and nicotine are classical examples of those substances, which cause a physical dependence. On a lesser scale, there are those items that can cause a physiological dependence, as evidenced by changes in the neurotransmitters in the brain-some examples would be over the counter nasal sprays or laxatives.Psychological addictions can be defined within the scene of a slippery slope- there are as ma ny addictions as there are specialists to treat them. (Evidence the most recent news of the plethora of celebrities being treated for sex addiction. ) Some examples of area in which psychological addiction may occur include the following-shopping, pornography, eating, exercise and self injury. There is a physiologic reward, however, as the object of the addictive persons attention -akathe reward activates the pleasure enter of the brain-emitting dopamine.Therefore, the addictive behavior is rewarded with a rush of dopamine to the person engaging in the behavior. Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to form or shape a behavior. There are three main components applicable to operant conditioning. First, there is the case of reinforcement-this basically applies to a consequence that causes the addictive behavior to occur with greater frequency. An example of this would be as follows- An individual is consumed with shopping.They even out the news every day to find out where the sales will be taking place they belong to a network of people that dispense shopping information relevant to their area of interest. Then the day comes and they make the purchase. This act reinforces their addiction with a momentary high (that is usually short lived. ) Second, the aspect of punishment-a consequence that makes an action occur, less frequently-comes into play. When an addictive urge is felt, and the desired object is taken away (i. e. the punishment) the urge to obtain the desired rush still exists-albeit even stronger. The person then works harder to obtain the drug, the act, and the food-whatever the addiction is. In this way, the operant conditioning aspect of punishment reinforces and addiction. Third, there is the element of extinction. extinction occurs when there is a lack of consequence following a behavior-good or bad. An individual who is wantonly exhibiting a sexual addiction while in a upright family-lets take that as an example. Without being cau ght, there is no consequence.The addictive behavior continues unchecked. It is reinforced. I have exemplified the ways in which operant conditioning can develop and maintain addictive behavior. The difference between classical and operant conditioning is as follows very succinctly put, classical conditioning forms a relationship between two stimuli-for example, one thinks of/or sees a chocolate cake, the salivary glands begin to work Operant conditioning forms a relationship between a stimuli and a consequence. You touch the stove while its on, you get burnt.Bet you wont do that again-a relationship is formed on the basis of a negative consequence. Conversely, the consequence can also be confirmative. Example-you do your homework on time and as assigned, you get a good grade, a positive consequence has occurred, which will ( apprehendfully) shape future behaviors. Extinction is achieved through the gradual phasing out of reward in operant conditioning, while hoping to still achieve the same behavior. Example, one has been rewarded with a good driver award after years of possessing a great driving record.With the extinction of this positive consequence (i. e. no reward)-one would hope that the good driving habits would continue. In classical conditioning, I will present an example-if we ring a bell and cause a dog we have a conditioned stimulus-however if we keep ringing that bell without giving the dog any food (an unconditioned stimulus) eventually the dog will unlearn his conditioned response. Extinction has then occurred. In summation, extinction is operant conditioning relates to the phasing out of consequence in classical conditioning it is the phasing out of response.

Benefit Type

I would have to say that at the Health Home Program there atomic number 18 many benefit types and services available to the clients who receive treatment there, it is a residential treatment facility that provides individual and group counseling to drug habituated obtains or soon to be mothers. One of the main goals of the political platform is to ensure that women deliver drug free babies.The program is funded through many government grants to prolong children with their mothers who are suffering from substance abuse, children are placed with their mothers once they are enrolled for treatment. Drug addiction is a major social problem with many dreaded consequences that follow, the home program works closely with DHS (department of homeless services) to ensure that the women receiving services are able to become caring and nurchuring parents to their children.The intensive treatment flesh is realised while the women is a resident in the program, this is the time that she giv e detox off of the drugs and begin her recovery. I have learned that during residential treatment the women will be learning parenting basics, receiving mental health evaluations, going to dental and medical appointments, receive family counseling, and receive any other types of services that they specifically need.The services provided rebelliously address the social problem of drug addiction and the affects that it can have on a family, the home program manages to nurture the bond between mother and child while repairing the damage that the addiction has caused. Some other services provided include out-patient treatment, GED assistance, daycare, transitional housing after successful completion of the residential phase of treatment.Any woman who has a unique medical or emotional problems will receive special accommodations to ensure that she is comfortable and safe. I would have to say that at the Detox is offered at the program thus allowing the woman to come down off their drug of choice while their child is being cared for by program staff. The benefits of this program are less children born addicted to drugs the better chance they have to be less addicted to drugs or live with the reaction of moms on drugs.

Robert Altman’s Subliminal Reality

Robert Altmans Subliminal Reality is written by Robert T. Self, an English professor at Yankee Illinois. Self gives the intimately extensive evaluation of Altmans work and its value to the industry and the American culture. In Subliminal Reality, Self talks about Altmans unconventional approach to cinema and its effect on the subconscious mind of the viewer as the title suggests. This paper will review the book in three main aspects 1. How Altmans work challenges conventional Hollywood genres 2. How Altman portrays his main characters as feeble and confined by their gender roles 3.How the entertainment industry chooses to change itself-importance culturally. Self took into consideration twenty one feature films by Altman from 1968 to 2000. His main focus is on the characters, the story form, and the social subject. He writes in the introduction In this volume I examine Altmans films in terms of three compositionicular aspects of maneuver-cinema narration its interrogation of cla ssical Hollywood storytelling and popular genres, its representation of debilitated and unserviceable social individuality, and its reflexive analysis of the entertainment industry as complicit in cultural alienation (Self viii para 1)Self does non seek to key Altman as a cinematic auteur but how his work helped in the emergence of cinematic-art in America. He explains how Altman introduced modernist story telling and took on socially fragmented subjects. The does not give a chronological account of the films but divides them into three parts. The first part of the book is named Narrative Formations. This part includes the analysis of Kensa City, MASH, 3 Women, and Romance and risk (Self, Robert Altman). Here Self tries to answer why the populaar audience remain indifferent to his work.According to him, the American audience is used to seeing satifying and cliched endings and so they cast Altmans work as dissatisfying and insignificant (Self, Robert Altman). Then he talks about his role in introducing new American cinema in the sixties and seventies. He argues that Altmans films posses all the features of new cinema like in MASH, Altmans uses the fragmented sound intead of the then popular classical style. Other features include the the contradictory opinions in the same story, the incoherent mentality of the characters and their self destruction, large casts, multiple stories etc.His movies provide a realistic experience rather than a fantasy, like the most Hollywood films. Unlike the conventional Hollywood cast, Altman main characters are often phisically unattractive like Shelley Duvall, exhausted like McCabe (Self, Robert Altman), and lack sensual appeal . These characterictics of his movies put forward it easier for the general public to relate to. Self argues that Altman often manipulates genres, romanc in particular. For this he gives examples of A perfect couple to redicule the cliche that opposite attracts and A Wedding to get a line the lie ab out the cliche happily ever after (Self, Robert Altman).The second part of he book is names Identities in Patriarchy. This part deals with the films that have-to doe with with men and women seperately. Altman often portrays the weakness in men and insults their authority. Self gives the examples of Secret honor and The gingerbread (Self, Robert Altman). Both these movies show the faults in popular male figures. When dealing with women, self takes into consideration That cold day, Images, 3 women, Come back to the five and dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, Kansas city and Cookies fortune (Self, Robert Altman). According to Self, Altman reveals the concerns and shortcomings of women. He writes Inasmuch as these open narratives agnize the female voice within a male discourse, it is possible to read them as further examples of the effort of Hollywood cinema to effect an authority over women. It is also possible to read these Altman films as inversions of the hostility toward woman (Self web). Self explains in detail how the characters in Altmans films are socially restricted and expect to act according to their gender roles. In the last part, Putting on the Show, Self talks about how Altmans films reflect cinematic culture. In this part he gives exaples of Nashville, The Player and Buffalo Bil (Self, Robert Altman).He discusses the subliminal reality that not only includes the film makers and the popular audience, and claims that the makers alter patriotism for profit. He sees Altman as a liberal man. Altman provides an intellectual which limits his audience becaus social criticism is something which not popular among the audience. Self talks about subliminal reality in Pret a hall porter in a different chapter. He appriciates the film and complains that it was not taken seriously and neglected. Self praises the framing and filming. He defines them as the most vibrant and mobile and assertive images in all of Altmans work (Self).He ends the book with the chapter World elsewhere . He analyzes the film short cuts and Altmans composition of many another(prenominal) separate short stories by Raymond Carver. He talks about how Altman communicates more with the effects he adds to the story than by explanation (Self, Robert Altman). Robert Altmans subliminal reality gives many details about the work done by a great American film director, Robert Altman, and contains valuable information on classical and American art cinema. It comprehensively covers the history of cinema, its developement, and Altmans contributions to it.

Pestel Analysis of Mobile Phone Industry

Pestel Analysis of Mobile Phone Industry Political Mobile telephonys hold back now become a tool with which political parties rout out directly target voters. People with smartphones can now receive video advertisements and messages via the internet. fit to the Economic Intelligence Unit (2012), 83% of Americans who stimulate a smartphone or tablet argon registered to vote. This new gimmick is c entirelyed m-campaigning and is currently just about common in America. Barack Obama and Mitt Romney are both using this as a medium for their campaigns. Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy set up a Twitter account to help him in his re-election bid.This shows the growing importance appreciation of smooth phones by politians. there is electric potential here for some companies to use this strength as a bargaining tool with governments and potentially charge political parties to have built in apps on the phones. (Economic Intelligence Unit, 2012) Thanks to location-tracking, poten tial supporters may receive an automated message urging them to drop in just as they are passing a voter-registration office, or to turn up to a nearby rally (EIU, 2012) The fluent phone market in Africa is one which is heavy(p) affected by politics.The more unstable a country is the more the rescue is constrained. This has a negative effect on imports going into these countries. Africa has a record of political instability and coups. According to AfricaGoodNews. com the outlast hardly a(prenominal) decades have seen a considerable decline in the number of war torn countries. The number of countries in Africa considered completely(11) and partially(34) free today has risen tremendously since 1972(3 and 10 respectively). These figures suggest that, from a political point of view at the very least, Africa has turned a major(ip) corner. A new more stable standard of life looms over the horizon.This may signal a new era of stability in the continent. (AfricaGoodNews. com) Accord ing to Techwireasia. com China is the biggest telephone market in the world. They boast over 1 billion mobile phone subscribers. However political factors have a huge influence on the market. The three biggest goers in the market China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom are majority-owned by the Government. This can be a potential oportunity or threat. It can be an opportunity as long term agreements with these providers can cement a companies place in the market and provide a platform for further process.On the other hand these companies in the next few years may begin to promote and seek to make deals with China establish manufucturers and slowly dilute the market share of the market leaders. (Techwireasia. com, 2012) Economical The global smartphone market is quite an competitive market. Across the globe people are stipendiary towering prices for these products. In Ireland the prices for the top three phones on the market are the HTC One X (519. 99), the Samsung Galaxy SI II (569. 00) and the iPhone 5(579. 99) (Carphone store, 2012). These phones are in excess of 500 to profane which is expensive to the average person.At such a high price, such goods are very sensitive to a customers economic situation. We will meet now at such economic indicators which could influence sales in this intentness. The growth of an economy can be measured by its Gross domesticated Product(gross domestic product). According to figures released by Trading Economics (2012) the GNP in the Euro area is -0. 4%. This figure represents the effect of the financial and economic crisis Europe now finds itself in. European countries like Italy(-2. 6%), Greece(-6. 3%), Portugal(-3. 3%) and Spain(-1%) are all in recession.Other countries which have a positive GDP are experiencing very slow growth like Germany(0. 5%), France(0. 25%) and Austria(0. 2%). The smartphone industry will suffer in Europe due to these figures and sales growth will be slowed significantly. These figures c an be used to highlight countries and regions where economic growth is strong. It is shown in tables 2,3 and 4 (Appendices) that there is strong economic growth in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. (Trading Economics, 2012) These are areas in which the mobile phone industry should concentrate marketing strategies.Countries which show huge market opportunities are China, India and Australia. These countries are booming. China has a population of 1. 3 billion and GDP of 7. 4%. India has a population of 1. 2 billion and GDP of 5. 5%. The mobile phone industry should place huge stress on trying to gain a share of these expanding markets. Africa is a continent known more for its poverty than prosperity. However it is a continent with great potential. From an economic perspective many countries are showing strong economic growth such as Rwanda and Nigeria for example which have a GDP of 9. % and 6. 3% respectively. everyplace the past decade six of the worlds ten fastest-growing countrie s were African. In eight of the past ten years, Africa has grown faster than East Asia, including Japan (The Economist, 2011) If we look at unemployment figures released by the IMF (2012) we can see a similiar trend that shows unemployment rising across europe with the notable exception of Germany. The rate for the euro area for the second quarter of 2012 is 11. 2%, up from 7. 6% in 2007. Rates in North America dont look too good either with Canada at 7. 2% and US at 8%.Again we can see that the shining lights are in Asia with China, Korea and Japan showing the lowest unemployment rates (need figures ). Even though many of the industrys products are made in Asia, but the markets over there seem to have the most potential to grow. Socio-Cultural The way we use phones is constantly changing. A recent OECD publication goes into great detail about how people are using the internet and mention a study called the Global Internet Phenomena physical composition in Canada (OECD, 2012). Tabl e 1 in the Appendices show that peoples demand for real time entertainment is growing rapidly over the last few years.In 2012 the video streaming service Netflix accounted for 32. 9%, almost one third, of all downstream traffic in the United States. This suggests that consumer preferences are moving towards high quality video streaming and audio features. People want more entertainment from their phone. There is an opportunity the industry to notice this and focus resources on achieving these demands. (OECD, 2012) There is surely a fear amongst those companies in the market that somebody is going to come along with a new product which yet again revolutionises what we typeset as a mobile phone.The good news for the market is that even though technology and demands are constantly improving and increasing we feel it is value mentioning that a mobile phone is still an essential device for almost everybody. Nowadays people have a wide selection of devices with which to use the internet , blackberrys, iphones, pcs, macbooks, ipads and tablets. Everyone has their own favourite device. Some people have switched from pc to mac. Some people prefer tablets. But everybody needs a phone and its capabilities seem to be consolidating all those of other devices.It can send e-mails, it can browse the web, it has Facebook and Twitter, it has live tv, it can be a music player etc. There is very micro you can no longer do on a phone. From a social point of view there is nothing that could threaten the need for mobile phones Environment Environmental issues are becoming more prominent in the mobile phone industry in recent times. The WEEE Directive was introduced in the EU 2005 whereby any waste electrical or electronic equipment can be returned to the retailer free of charge provided that you purchase an event similar to the returning item (Selin & VanDeveer, 2006).This means to help the environment, mobile phone companies are required, by law, to take unwanted mobile phones. It is estimated that two million phones will be replaced this year causing 2,000 tons of waste (Kavanagh Environmental), proving it is anthropogenic what has caused radiation issues. For several years now, many people have speculated about the dangers of radiation from making calls. The main worry is that this could be a cause of cancer. It is reported that the risk of gliomas (brain cancer) has increased by 40% since the introduction of mobile phones (Kovach, 2011).Radiation from mobile phones may have serious consequences to humans as it is causing the population of bees to decline who are essential for crop growth preventing food shortages (Lean & Shawcross, 2007). Legal There is a lot of legislation associated with the mobile phone industry. Patents are currently a big advantage in the mobile phone industry. pic Source The Atlantic, 2012. One can see that the common denominator is apple. They are the but company which own valuable patents with regards to design and hold a stro ng market share in the market in which these phones are sold.According to the Atlantic (2012), Apple are making the lions share of operating profits while Samsung and HTC are the chasing pack. Ownership of these patents is a competitive advantage. Issues arise again and again over patents, which is most notably seen in the Apple versus Samsung court case, which only came to a final decision in recent weeks. According to the US Daily Mail, Samsung had to pay $1. 05 one thousand thousand to Apple for copying their iPhone in the manufacturing of the Samsung Galaxy range (Murphy, 2012).A law went into effect in San Francisco early last year which required that all retailers must queer how much radiation each phone emits (Kang, 2010). With just under 300 million Americans using mobile phones, this is something which has the potential to hit the industry very hard if any significant study shows a link between phone use and cancer (Kang, 2010). The EU has introduced new legislation in th e last few years aimed at significantly reducing the cost of making international calls and roaming. It is now 68% cheaper to make a call while abroad than it was in 2006 and it is 81% cheaper to receive a call.The price of text messages has been reduced by 60% (Europa, 2012). References Economic Intelligence Unit (2012), World Politics Spreading the m-word, ABI/ asseverate Global. Available Online at http//search. proquest. com/abiglobal/docview/926036961/139DAC0C8916F0BFAF4/18? accountid=40346 Accessed 10th October 2012 Africa Good News (2012), Fast facts and quick stats about Africa AfricaGoodNews. com. Available Online at http//www. africagoodnews. com/africa/facts. html Accessed 16th October 2012 OECD (pg. 24, 2012) OECD Internet economy outlook Available at http//www. keepeek. om/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-internet-economy-outlook-2012/expanding-connectivity-and-measuring-the-internet-economy_9789264086463-3-en Accessed 4th October 2012 Techwire asia. com (2012) An in depth ananlysis of Chinas mobile phone market Techwireasia Online Available at http//www. techwireasia. com/2733/an-in-depth-analysis-of-chinas-mobile-phone-market/ Accessed 12th October Carphone Warehouse (2012), Pay as you go smartphones, Carphonewarehouse. ie Online Available at http//www. carphonewarehouse. ie/category/Pay-As-You-Go-Smartphones/1_3 Accessed 15th October 2012Europa (2012) Travelling in Europe 2012-2013 Europa. eu Online Available at http//europa. eu/travel/comm/index_en. htmphone Accessed 3rd October 2012 IMF (2012) Principal Global Indicators IMF. org Online Available at http//www. principalglobalindicators. org/default. aspx Accessed 4th October 2012 Trading Economics (2012), GDP growth rates, Available at http//www. tradingeconomics. com/gdp-growth-rates-list-by-country Accessed 4th October 2012 The Economist (2012) After decades of slow growth, Africa has a real chance to follow in the footsteps of Asia The EconomistOnline Available at http//www. conomist. com/node/21541015 Accessed 18th October 2012 Atlantic. com. (2012, August). The State of play in the mobile industry in one venn diagram. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from The Atlantic http//www. theatlantic. com/technology/archive/2012/08/the-state-of-play-in-the-mobile-phone-industry-in-one-venn-diagram/261712/ Europa. (2012). Travelling in Europe 2012-2013. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from Europa http//europa. eu/travel/comm/index_en. htmphone Kang, C. (2010). jail cell Phone Indusrty attacks San Franciscos ruling on radiation. The Washington Post Kavanagh Environmental. (n. d. ). Environmental Objectives.Retrieved October 2, 2102, from Kavanagh Environmental http//www. kavenv. ie/environment. html Kovach, S. (2011, May 31). Cell Phones may Cause Cancer. Retrieved OCTOBER 1, 2012, from Business Insider http//www. businessinsider. com/cell-phones-cause-cancer-2011-5 Lean, G. , & Shawcross, H. (2007, April 15). are Mobile Phones wiping out our Bees? Retrieved O ctober 4, 2012, from The Independent http//www. independent. co. uk/environment/nature/are-mobile-phones-wiping-out-our-bees-444768. html Murphy, D. (2012, October). Samsung losing Apple Court Case. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from Mobile Marketing http//www. obilemarketingmagazine. com/content/samsung-loses-apple-court-case Selin, H. , & VanDeveer, S. D. (2006, December). ABI/INFORM Global. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from ProQuest http//search. proquest. com. ezproxy. wit. ie2048/abiglobal/docview/224017129/13 99337313516FFA994/1? accountid=40346 Appendices Table 1 Aggregate Traffic Compisition, North America pic Source (OECD, 2012) Table 2 GDP in Asia 2012 Q2 pic Source (TradingEconomics. com) Table 3 GDP in Eastern Europe 2012 Q2 pic Source (TradingEconomics. com) Table 4 GDP in Africa 2012 Q2 pic Source (Tradingeconomics. com)

Promotion and Price Analysis

The reaping chosen for its promotion campaign analysis is blink of an eye coffee Nescafe produced by Nestle. Before analyzing the promotion campaign, it is important to determine the train audience of Nescafe. In the major part coffee is usu bothy preferred by both male and female at the age of 20 to 45 approximately. Children are usually not allowed to take up much coffee, since caffeine is believed to provoke redundant hyper reaction. Older people, in turn, are trying to avoid coffee because at this age they are taking special care for their health.Thus, the typical subdivisionation in the sector can be represented in the following wayDemographic characteristicsmen and women from 20 to 45single/married/married with children gray people who prefer decaffeinated coffee.Economic low, middle and premium elementsConsumption habitsregular buyers, random buyersthose who prefer to drink coffee at coffee bars/ those who prefer to drink coffee at home / those who prefer take-outsthose who prefer to drink coffee alone/ in a telephonerpsychographical characteristicspeople who lead active hyphen of life/passive style of lifepeople who prefer status/price/ discernment/conveniencebusinessmen/students/working people. (Cateora, 1990, p.116)As for Nescafe its target segments are1. marital and married with children people who prefer to drink coffee alone at home and buy instant coffee on a regular basis. It is caused by the fact that those people are oftentimes busy and they do not have time to brew their coffee. Moreover, those who have children usually face the problem that if they exit the coffee in the coffee machine, their children might tempt to drink it.2.Students who simply do not have coffee machines and prefer instantaneous coffee, which they can easy make at any given time.Thus, we can see that Nescafe is aimed for younger audience as its core segment. Targeting the younger audience as its core segment, it is truly important for the company with such a st rong cross as Nescafe to distinguish the core values for this type of customers. Such values are individuality, independence, pleasure, self-confidence.Thus, the stain is positioned as the one, which has extraordinary taste that you want to enjoy every day. The slogan sounds like Dont let anyone prevent you from enjoying your favorite taste. The company emphasizes both functional qualities of the product, as well as special feelings that it gives to the customers pleasure, comfort, and the whole imaginary world that you want to enjoy over and over again. Nescafe is really aimed to be Your favorite taste, as another slogan states. Thus, we can see that Nescafe is professing more individualistic values.However, Nescafe is still perceived as a caring, charming brandmark, though it gives self-confidence and assures good taste. People choose this brand as they trust its long-standing reputation and think this brand is very reliable. Moreover, it is quite affordable as well. Since it cares near people, Nescafe, as it was mentioned before, presents something for everybody a wide range of choice from different type of product to different sizes and prices.Having analyzed the positioning of Nescafe, it is easier to determine the key substances that are existence delivered via different channels of communications. The first channel of communication is television with large-scale advertising. The key message that are being delivered is that Nescafe is a wonderful taste that necessarily to be enjoyed and enjoyed. Global commercial portraying woman in a peculiar garment trying to become unnoticed by her husband to be able to enjoy Nescafe alone is the best proof of that.Thus, we can see that brand managers of Nescafe are emphasizing physical qualities of the product, specifically its taste. However, the TV with its ability to shew the wide range of colors, sounds and images is also chosen to make people feel and understand the sophistication of Nescafes taste. It was already mentioned that Nescafe is positioned as a premium segment coffee (despite subbrand Nescafe classic). That is why it is crucial to transmit to the audience the very special qualities, the originality of the brand.Thus, on of the original feature of Nescafe appears to be its sophistication, its elite group taste. The commercial is trying to pass along that if you drink Nescafe, it means that you belong to the chosen circle of people who have exceptional taste, namely elite.The second channel of communication is Internet. In fact, Nescafe has its own web-site pick out from the site of the producer Nestle. Nescafe site was created in order to give its target audience ampful information about the product and the brand in particular. It has the description of all the existing types of Nescafe (subbrands), about the new products that appears in the product line. It also tells about the coffee as a physical substance, about its nutrition etc.Thus, the main(prenominal) messag e that is being delivered via Internet (including Internet advertising) is that brand Nescafe is so diverse, that everyone can find something that suits him/her the best wether it is Necafe Colombie or Nescafe Gold. The message stimulates to try Nescafe and to match the desire with the available product brand.Finally, the third channel of communication is forwarding. The latter is achieved by creating different kinds of informational grounds. It can be sponsorship of certain events that are covered by different types of media. It can be informational articles discussing the problem of coffee-drinking. It can also be different special events that are also covered in media. For instance, in 2004 in England there was a get by the winners of which could experience a luxury balloon flight and stay in the country hotel house.The evnts was transmitted via TV. This was a great informational ground and thus the cause of publicity. The main message that is delivered via publicity is that Ne scafe is a reliable trustworthy and responsible brand. Thus, drinking Nescafe one can be sure of its exceptional quality. In other words, publicity is aimed to ensure good reputation of Nescafe and ultimately to form a strong brand loyalty of customers.As for price, it is not dependent on the life cycle of the product. coffee is a product with an extended life-cycle since the taste and the quality of it are unique, and the customers are usually loyal to the brand that can ensure the same quality taste over and over again. Therefore, the pricing of Nescafe is based upon its segmentation. Simply saying the premium segment brands such as Nescafe Gold, Nescafe cap Colombie, Nescafe Alta Rica cost more. They are aimed at elite target audience with more than average level of income.Similarly, there is also an offer for the lower income level people who cannot afford buying premium segment products. This offer is called Nescafe Classic, which is substantially cheaper than brands mentioned before. Thus, we see that Nescafe pricing strategy is more of a marketing tool that allows to cover more of a target audience. Yet, the key target audience for Nescafe still remains people with more than average income segment that can afford buying elite products.In conclusion, it is important to say that Nescafe is aimed to embrace as big audience as possible. However, its primary focus is on younger people with middle and high income, who are self-confident, active and enjoy pleasure. The company positions its brand as the one giving tempting taste that you want to enjoy. Since the brand is designed to embrace wide circle of customers, the company uses differentiation while pricing the product, giving its customers the opportunity to choose from different types and sizes.The key messages that Nescafe is trying to deliver depends on the channel of communication. yet, the main messages emphasize Nescafes exceptional taste, reliability of the brand and its peculiarity varying on th e subbrand, so that everyone can find something that suits him/her best.ReferencesApplbaum K. The market Era Routledge, New York, 2004 Brown S. Imagining Marketing Art, aesthetics and the avant-garde Routledge, London, 2000 Cateora P. International Marketing, 7th ed. Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1990 Laforet S. (1999) Managing Brand Portfolios Why Leaders Do What They Do In Journal of Advertising Research, vol.39, p.23 Parsons A. (1996) Nestle The visions of local managers In The McKinsey Quarterly, no.2, pp.21-22

Information Technology Essay

Advancements in selective study applied science move over had many spacious benefits on society. It has revolutionized the flesh of blood and keep around the world. nurture Technology has make Local businesses exit international receivable to a unprejudiced website. training engineering (IT) is the use of calculating machines and tele confabulations equipment to submit, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term is commonly utilize as a synonym for computers and computer networks, nonwithstanding it excessively encompasses other knowledge distribution technologies such as television and telephones.It is broadly considered to encompass the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. Several industries ar associated with information technology, such as computer hardw be,software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment and computer services (Chandler, 2012). Therefore, the purpose of t his assignment is to discuss the wonders and horrors breeding Technology has brought to us. It result first enunciateing at the wonders which Information Technology has brought, and then it will look at the horrors.It is from the wonders and horrors were a conclusion will be drawn from. To daylight information technology involves to a greater extent than just computer literacy it in any case allows into account how computers work and how these computers buttocks further be used non just for information processing but overly for communications and problem solving tasks as well. Information technology similarly involves the development, installation, implementation, maintenance, and the use of computer systems, software and networks for the processing and distribution of data (Daintith, 2009).Our world at present has changed a great deal with the aid of information technology. The revolution in IT has itself been brought forth by a company of innovations in telecommunication s and informatics, made possible by cheaper rising lightweight materials such as visual fibers transmitting information faster. Information flows faster and less expensively throughout the globe, but it will take substantial period to r apiece full digitalization given the youth of IT (Achimugu et al 2009).Things that were once make manually or by hand have right off become furnishd operating systems, which simply take in a case-by-case hotdog of a mouse to ram a task comp permited. With the aid of Information Technology, we are non only able to stream line our business processes but we are also able to get incessant information in real time that is up to the minute and up to date (Vermaat,2004). The signifi jakesce of Information Technology can be seen from the fact that it has penetrated close to every nerve of our passing(a) lives from business to leisure and even society.The world has an estimated 350 million internet users. Over 90% of them are in industrial coun tries, although developing countries comprise about 85% of the world population (Berndt and Morrison, 1995). Today face-to-face Computers, cell phones, fax machines, electronic mail and internet have all not only become an constitutional part of our very culture but also play an essential role in our day to day activities (Parker, 2003). Information Technology has brought a lot of wonders in our daily living.Some of the wonders include world-wideization IT has not only brought the world closer together, but it has allowed the worlds economy to become a single interdependent system. This means that we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can also bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has developed into a global vill grow due to the do of information technology allowing countries like Chile and Japan who are not only separated by distance but also by language to shares ideas and information with each other.Communication With the help of information technology, communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can straight off overtake with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from divers(prenominal) parts of the world thanks to the helps of video conferencing. Information Technology affects the way companies advertise and establish transaction with their clients.In the fast moving and business environment, it is vital for them to interact with clients regularly and quickly to gain their practice and to obtain customer loyalty. With the use of internet and social networks, firms interact with consumers and answer all their queries about the products. start for instance Barack Obama- USA President as the figure. With the use of networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook, blogs, social bookmarking, the leader could approach to the world whenever necessary and the world can receive the news and updates which he has done or wants done within a short period of time.Cost effectiveness Information technology has helped to computerize the business process thus streamlining businesses to make them extremely cost effective money fashioning machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to profits that means better pay and less hard working conditions. Additionally, to think and to research, we need resources to find what our past sight has thought, what quotes they have left for us that is information and theory. Information can now be easily found by a single click in search engines such as Google and yahoo.Business Operations. With the use of technical innovations, business owners and entrepreneur attend their cash flow better, how to manage their storage costs well and enables you to save time and money. Bridging the cultural cracking Information technology has helped to br idge the cultural gap by helping deal from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas, thus increase awareness and reducing prejudice. More time IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 x7 all over the globe.This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered effective to your doorstep with having to move a single muscle. Increase the sense of Human Rights- The technology can remind of our humans rights, basic needs and give updates where relief or worldwide help is necessary. During earthquakes, terrible floods, slice co-operation is necessary the World Wide Web can help us to collect the donation by a desired amount.It is not possible to just figure out everything about the good and mischievously sides of Information and Technology within a page and article as because it has mixed w ith every aspects and corners of our lives. Rather, let us look at the side effects, bad sides (cons) which IT-sectors have brought to the Human Society Creation of new jobs Probably the best advantage of information technology is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems analyzers, ironware and Software developers and Web designers are just whatsoever f the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT. Information technologies of various kinds, together with globalization, are powerfully affecting the range of employment options for individuals in go and developing countries alike- and at various levels of education. Further, the classes of Information Technology that automate, disinter mediate and reduce costs of standoffishness are also enabling the construction of increasingly complex and geographically diverse global allow chains and networks (Spence, 2012) .Advancements in information technology have had many great benefits o n society however, this has not come without its downsides. Below are some of the horrors or disadvantages of information technology Unemployment While information technology whitethorn have streamlined the business process it has also created job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed. Technology in an transcription, company or business, the number of hours that a human works at that company is reduced.Technology is playing multiple roles. The replacement of routine manual work by machines and robots is a powerful, continuing and perhaps accelerating trend in manufacturing and logistics, while networks of computers are replacing routine white-collar jobs in information processing. For instance, the elimination of intermediaries in banking, online retail and a host of government services, to name just a few affected areas. This has even resulted in some people losing their jobs because technology is doing it for them.However this is beneficial for the organization as their profit is increased because they do not need to pay their workers as much because they are not required as much (Spence, 2012). Privacy Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming globe knowledge. As IT Sectors have wined the peoples heart worldwide.People are here to share and store any kind of information, private date in their hard drives and private online databases. But due to some Cyber-Criminals, nothing is so safe both online and offline. If someone becomes a bit careless, he or she may needs to pay high for it especially when it comes to work related information (Saldarini and DeRobertis, 2003). Lack of job security system Industry experts belie ve that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.Dominant culture While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture ascensive another weaker one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else Over reliance on technology a lot of people believe that because computers and the Internet has become such a regular part of modern life, some people particularly children who grow up with it, will not be able to function without it.Some people think that the Internet is making people lazy, particularly when it comes to essay or project research as instead of reading book s in a library, one can just perform a Google search. Loss of communication skills with the ever increasing variety of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, a lot of people are worried that traditional communication skills will be mazed. This worry is particularly about children who often engage in these websites because communication and interactive skills are not important with computers.Loss of personal touch emails and instant messaging has replaced the gaga tradition of handwriting letters. And although this is advantageous because of time constraints, a personal touch and sense of feeling is lost compared to taking the time to sit down and hand write a letter. We can think, gather human principles (ethical knowledge) and make co-operative relationships between friends and families. But due to harmful aspects of (IT) people are becoming fully technological based. And it can bring huge damage to the society as its taking away the natural thoughts and organic ideas.Health problems research has shown that technology can cause a number of problems with a persons health. Many scientists, doctors and researchers are concerned about possible links between technology and heart problems, nitty-gritty strain, obesity, muscle problems and deafness. Waste emitted from technology can pollute the environment which not only makes people ill, it also damages the environment. The online community is not safe for Family anymore- the family is the foundation of every nation.However, due to Information Technology, children under age may often share Cell Numbers, Private Email Address which can be hacked by people and can pass it to the criminals who have a blue-print to harm the society. And people are losing credit calling card privacy and other payment processing options. Again, there are some sites created by foul people, which can lead under eighteen teenagers to a different path That Is going to bring Harm to the Nation. A very good example is th e Iris Kaingu Video which circulated not only nationwide but also worldwide and was viewed by both young people and adults.In conclusion, one can safely say Information Technology has brought both wonders and horrors to our society. Things that were once done manually, or by hand have now become easier and faster by the introduction of computer technology in the workplace. Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of Information Technology which has penetrated in almost every aspect of our daily lives and society. With all the good things about Information Technology, it has brought terrible horrors to some in our societies.A lot of people have lost their jobs because they have become irrelevant due to the introduction of computers in the workplace. It has contributed to the poor hold of people. Advancements in information technology have had many great benefits on society. It has revolutionized the phase of business and living around the world. Information Technology h as made Local businesses become international due to a simple website. Information technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. It is broadly considered to encompass the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware,software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment and computer services (Chandler, 2012).Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to discuss the wonders and horrors Information Technology has brought to us. It will first look at the wonders which Information Technology has brought, and then it will look at the horrors. It is from the wonders and horrors were a conclusion will be drawn from. Today information technology involves more than just computer literacy it also takes into account how computers work and how these computers can further be used not just for information processing but also for communications and problem solving tasks as well.Information technology also involves the development, installation, implementation, maintenance, and the use of computer systems, software and networks for the processing and distribution of data (Daintith, 2009). Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of information technology. The revolution in IT has itself been brought forth by a company of innovations in telecommunications and informatics, made possible by cheaper new lightweight materials such as optical fibers transmitting information faster.Information flows faster and less expensively throughout the globe, but it will take substantial time to reach full digitalization given the youth of IT (Achimugu et al 2009). Things tha t were once done manually or by hand have now become computerized operating systems, which simply require a single click of a mouse to get a task completed. With the aid of Information Technology, we are not only able to stream line our business processes but we are also able to get constant information in real time that is up to the minute and up to date (Vermaat,2004).

Beowulf: Sigemund Episode Essay

One of the best literary devices the author of Beowulf uses is the use of ends and digressions. Each of these episodes and digressions tell another story apart from the of import plot of Beowulf, simply sets up an introduction to the main plot. One such episode, the Sigemund episode, tells of daring King Sigemund who received glory and recognize through his killing of the dragon and possession of the hoard. Sigemund became a noble and experienced world power, only to be betrayed and brought to his downfall. Beowulf was oftentimes the same as Sigemund, and both were capital examples of heroes.The Sigemund episode introduces a comparison to Beowulf, foreshadows Beowulfs downfall, and parallels the irony of Beowulfs shortcomings. As we see in the following lines Sigemunds name was known everywhere. / He was utterly valiant and venturesome, / a fence round his fighters and flourished therefore (897-898), the author introduces Sigemund as an excellent comparison to Beowulf. The a uthor uses the Sigemund episode to set up a better come acrossing of the character of Beowulf by describing a king a great deal like himself.This allows the reader to understand the character of Beowulf and know what a noble and valiant character he was. The author presents Sigemund as a brave warrior who defeated the dragon, much like the victorious warrior that Beowulf was. And within the Sigemund episode, Heremod is introduced as a wicked king, an exact opposite of Sigemund and Beowulf. This allows the reader to compargon the three kings, and promote Beowulf as a noble king such as Sigemund. Another purpose of the Sigemund episode within Beowulf is to foreshadow Beowulfs defeat and downfall.Sigemund is a noble and mighty king, but is led to his defeat in the following lines The king was betrayed, ambushed in Jutland, overpowered / and done away with (901-903). This defeat of Sigemund foreshadows Beowulfs defeat and death during the battle with the dragon. As Sigemund and Beowu lf are both valiant kings, they both are led to their failure and death. This part of the Sigemund episode gives the reader a glimpse of what is to come for Beowulf in the rest of the poem. From this episode, the author uses irony that Beowulf will become a great and mighty king, but also will come face to face with his destruction.The author uses this irony to bond the characters of Sigemund and Beowulf. Not only does the Sigemund episode foreshadow the downfall of Beowulf, but it also sets up a election that Beowulf has to defecate. Beowulf has to either chose to be like Sigemund, a courageous and noble king, or take the path of Heremod, an poisonous king. This gives the reader a sense of uncertainty of the choice Beowulf will make. As the reader, the choice that Beowulf will make is obvious, but this is a huge choice of character for Beowulf.It gives a chance for Beowulf to prove his character, and allows the reader to understand the trustworthiness of Beowulf once he does ch ose to be a noble king. Among the various episodes and digressions within Beowulf, Sigemunds episode sets up the best foreshadowing of Beowulfs life. In all, Sigemunds episode clues the reader in with what fount of character Beowulf is. Sigemund is the perfect comparison to Beowulf, and this allows the reader to expect what is to come for Beowulf. Sigemunds hymn apart from the main plot of Beowulf accomplished the task of introducing and setting up the destiny for Beowulf.

Importance of Meditation

What is surmisal and what is it intended to accomplish? If you go to your doctor for stress related problems, she or he will likely tell you that perhaps the best treatment for stress is hypothesis. So what is guess? The word surmisal, is derived from two Latin words meditari (to think, to dwell upon, to exercise the mind) and mederi (to heal). Its Sanskrit derivation medha means wisdom. Meditation is a group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness.Many years ago meditation was considered something just not meant for modern people, but now it has become very popular with all types of people. published scientific and medical evidence has proved its benefits, but it still needs to be much understood. unlike types of meditation that are recognized accept transcendental meditation, prayer, Zen meditation, Taoist meditation, mindfulness meditation, and Buddhist meditation. close to methods of meditation may require the body being abso lutely still or to be go with controlled deliberation, while other types allow for free movement of the body.While the methods are different, the end goal of all types of meditation leads to a mind that is quieted, purified, and free from stress by the use of quiet contemplation and reflection. Meditation Cat selfries. on that point are two general categories of meditation. Concentration techniques involve focusing awareness on a visual image, your breathing, a word, or a phrase. When a sound is used, it is typically a short word or a religious phrase, called a mantra, that is repeated psychologically.The other one, called Opening-up techniques, involve a present-centered awareness of the passing moment, without mental judgment (Tart, 1994). Rather than concentrating on an object, sound, or activity, the meditator engages in quite awareness of the here and now without distracting thoughts. The zazen, or just sitting, technique of Zen Buddhism is a form of opening-up meditation. Effects of Meditation. Effects of meditation include physical, psychological, and spiritual effects.Some of physical effects include Stabilizing blood pressure lowering heart mark and respiratory rate reducing stress hormones improving mental functioning improving brain shake coherence improving the strength of the immune system. Some of psychological effects include decreasing stress, anxiety, and natural depression change magnitude joy of living increasing positive emotions & attitude increasing self-confidence and increasing spiritual awareness. The spiritual effects of meditation include growing compassion decreased sense of ego unitive consciousness self-realization and enlightenment.

Critically discuss Michel Foucault’s concept of knowledge/power

In The company of Things (1973) Michel Foucault describes an episteme as the combination of institutions, discourses, knowledges and practices that calculate the direction we do things, qualification some actions acceptable and otherwises unthinkable. He as well as says these processes of organisation in friendship ar gener all in ally invisible. Critically discuss Michel Foucaults concept of knowledge/ agent with reference to Arthur Millers film The melting pot. Michel Foucaults is a theorist who demonstrates a modernist modal value of thought.Based on one of David Morleys definitions of the postmodern pheno workforceon being a radiation pattern of cultural sensibility and a mode of thought, activateicularly appropriate to analyzing the period (Morley 1996, p. 50), Foucault could be considered a postmodernist and a poststructuralist. However, some whitethorn consider his earlier naturalizes, like The Order of Things, to be structuralist as it may have possibly reflected a lack of distinction at the time it was written and received. Rather than narrating the record of reallyity, Foucault intended to give descriptions of a variety of structures of knowledge also referred to as episteme.Arthur Millers film The Crucible explores issues that ar parallel to Foucaults thoughts of magnate and knowledge, however, Miller uses actual historical events as the background for his modernist beliefs. The concept of knowledge and causality explored in Foucaults text The Order of Things shadow be critically analysed with reference to more contemporary work of Arthur Miller, allowing one to draw distinctions between Foucaults theories and the concepts of collective evil, personal conscience, guilt, love and redemption explored in the film.In The Order of Things, Foucault can give up the philosophy of the subject without depending on predilections from social issues in society, which, according to his have psychoanalysis, ar confined the modern form of kn owledge. Foucault had studied the form of knowledge that appears with the claim of rescuing the intelligible from everything falsifiable, accidental, and particular, and that becomes oddly suitable as medium of motive in particular on account of this pretended withdrawal of validity from genesis (Kelly 1995, p. 82).This lack of empiricism in Foucaults thoughts reflects a modernist way of mentation. The article Conclusion oral presentation as Deputy Sheriff by Osborne and Lewis, has evidence of a similar modernist approach to thinking and lack of empirical theories. It is less focused on the conception that what ever is true should be measured instead it makes statements and develops an analysis based on sciences or theory. An example is when it suggests that a more historically aware approach to thinking about communication in Australia would be a useful place to start (Lewis & Osborne 2001, p212).This modernist approach to thinking about knowledge determines the ensemble of r ules according to which the true and the false are separated and specific make of supply attached to the true (Kelly 1995, p. 82). At the extraction of The Order of Things, Foucault claims for a will that consists of truth for all times and all societies Every society has its regime of truth, its general politics of truth that is, the types of discourse which it accepts and makes it function as true. This ideology is reflected in Arthur Millers film The Crucible which is set in a small town, Salem.The entire colonisation becomes consumed by certain beliefs and certain truths which include their indisputable faith in God and the existence of mesmerisees, witch craft and the devil. The Order of Things is the story of the return of language which explains the fundamental position of literature in our culture. Ours is a period in which language is taken to be at the source of all thought, and this is what extravagantlylights the importance of modernist writing. give out-in is t he strict unfolding of Western culture in accordance with the necessity it imposed upon itself at the beginning of the nineteenth century (Rajchman 1985, p. 3).The significance of language is also reflected in The Crucible when John monitor refuses to sign a false confession, claiming you can non take away my name. He believed this would have happened by sign language the confession onto paper, epitomising the impact that language has when printed on paper. In The Order of Things, Foucault paints a picture of modernist culture in which there is no character of man and science is no longer independent or universal. only scientific, aesthetic, and moral problems are reduced to problems of language, and languages have no warrant or foundation beyond themselves.Rajchman states that diction becomes the limits of our being. It is only in transgressive writing that these limits are transcended writers are the heroes of our age. This is a picture of what I call post-Enlightenment litera ry culture. Many literary modernists, including Rajchman and Foucault, tell the story of how language had returned as the fundamental problem of our period, and our literacy culture which thence finds itself to be telling its own history. Foucault claims that literature in our day s a phenomenon whose necessity has its root in a vast configuration in which the whole structure of our thought and our knowledge is traced (Rajchman 1985, p. 25).In The Order of Things, it is clear that Foucault is hostile to the culture that reifies Man, and urges the withdrawer to embrace the post- pieceist age he foresees. Foucault rejects the traditional (Enlightenment) idea of progress and science, instead he constructs his history of knowledge with a lack of connection, and his literary history contains a hidden teleology prominent way to immediate links to The Crucible.Stuart Hall and Bram Gieben describe the Enlightenment idea of progress as the idea that the natural and social condition of hu man beings could be improved, by the physical exertion of science and reason (Hall & Gieben 1992, p. 22). . Both Miller and Foucault are modernist thinkers as they reject this Enlightenment concepts of progress, for example, the film The Crucible does non end with an improved social condition and happiness instead it comes to an abrupt end by the death of a central character and hero. In The Order of Things we find an attempt to de-anthropologise the concept of freedom.In The Crucible, John Proctor found freedom in the form of death. By not giving up his name in the confession he was condemned to be hung. However, his knowledge of what the real truth was allowed him to be free in his own sense of the word. This relates to Foucaults idea of power that he describes as a way in which certain actions modify others (OFarrell 1989, p. 119). But because of the freedom of the acting subjects, no matter what violence or seduction actions that make up power choose to exercise, the object o f power can last-ditchly duck and refuse power even if only through death.This idea was taken from Foucault who said the exercise of power may produce as much acceptance as may be wished for it can circumstances up the dead and shelter itself base whatever threats it can imagine. In itself the exercise of power is not violence nor is it a consent which implicitly is renewable (Foucault 1977, p. 228). OFarrell and Foucaults ideas are epitomized in the film The Crucible, when John Proctor refused to sign the confession or in this case refused power, he was set free even if it were to be through death.These power relationships were then abolished once the subject was freed and hence there was no possible sign of reversal hence the film was forced to an abrupt end. Foucault also believes there is no suspicion that our language, our work, and our bodies exponent determine the description of our actions and our creative activity in ways we do not realise and cant change. However, t here are many reasons why this theory should be questioned, an example existing in the film The Crucible.The vernal girls who were accused of witchery manifested power over their bodies and their language in order to convince the courts and an entire resolution of the existence of their world and the fact they could see the devil. All this was done in a quest to cover up their actions that was dancing naked around a fire in the forest. This idea creates a contradiction to Foucaults theory. However, Foucault also says that our problem becomes not the possibility of knowledge but the possibility of a primary mis pinch (Rajchman 1985, p. 13) which and then was true in the case of the teen girls of the film. In The Order Of Things, Foucault challenges new intellectual writings in regard to the change in Utopian thought. In the classical period, utopia was the dream of an ideal beginning in which everything would perfectly fit into Tables of Representation.In Foucaults argument he s tates that The great dream of an end of History is the utopia of mundane systems of thought just as the dream of the worlds beginnings was the utopia of the classifying systems of thoughts. In The Crucible the idea of witch craft challenges this world of utopia and one can question who has the authority to classify utopia, Miller or Foucault? Foucaults ideas challenge many of the ideas that run through The Crucible as he wishes not only to de anthropologise any nineteenth century utopian imaginations, dissociate our hopes of ever realising meaning and separate our freedom from philosophical theories about our nature. Much of Foucaults work is unconnected and this confuses anyone trying to analyse meaning in his writings.In The Order of Things he had looked at the way in which the human subject is defined through scientific discourse as a working, living, speaking respective(prenominal) (OLeary 2002, p. 59). However, Foucault deals with a collective and a great deal is to do with his unconscious ideas of perceptions individuals play almost no role in his work. He is not concerned with the discoveries of scientists or other philosophers. However, it is difficult to imagine the human sciences without specific individuals.Thus, Foucault uses individuals much(prenominal) as Ricardo, Cuvier and Bopp in his work, however they are not depicted as real people, no reference is made to their lives and little consideration is apt(p) to the controversies surrounding their ideas, since these issues are regarded as plainly surface phenomena (Spier 1983, p. 166). As a result, the reliability of Foucaults work can be questioned because a crucial part of critical thinking and analysis when investigating other theorists work is their background and what may be the reasons behind their specific way of thinking.However, Foucault justifies himself explaining that he tries to explore scientific discourse not from the point of view of the stiff structures of what they are sayi ng, but from the point of view of the rules that come into play in the very existence of such discourse (Spier 1983, p. 166). Spier raises an interesting critic of Foucault bringing his status as an author-subject into question. If language rather than man speaks, as he claims, and if the statement I am writing is a contradiction comparable to I am lying, then who is the author of the order of things? (Spier 1983, p. 167).This raises the question, is Foucault a universal voice of our time or is he merely speaking for himself. If he is speaking for himself as he suggests, then does he claim that what he is saying is a lie? Much of Foucaults work makes hostile statements and thus is not necessarily accepted when looking for truths, instead his writing is the developing process of his thoughts and is often experimental so should be read with an open mind and thought about critically.Foucaults analyses may be regarded as a contribution to an understanding of the historical conditions of possibility of the human sciences and their social and political effects. The underlying connection within Foucaults work is the sagaciousness of the relation between forms of rationality and forms of power, or of the relation between the emergence of particular forms of knowledge and the exercise of specific forms of power. Foucault believes that power is exercised upon the dominant as well as on the dominated and that there is a process of self-formation or auto-colonisation involved (Smart 1983, p. 4).If we put this theory into practice within The Crucible one can suggest that Foucaults idea of power is quite naive. In The Crucible the young girls were from the dominant culture in Salem and exercised their power over the lower classes (or the dominated). However, there was no retaliation and so power was not exercised onto the girls (the dominant) in any case. Thus, Foucault theory is merely a generalisation and not appropriate as a rule on the whole. Power relations, Foucau lt claims are intentional and non-subjectiveThey are imbued, through and through, with calculation there is no power that is exercised without a series of aims and objectives (Dreyfus & Rabinow 1982, p. 187). This idea states that at the local level there is often a high degree of conscious decision making, planning and plotting. Foucault refers to this as the local cynicism of power (Dreyfus & Rabinow 1982, p. 187). In The Crucible the young girls execute power over the village through their conscious actions to protect themselves, many were young and naive, and precaution was driving them to accuse the innocent.Their actions would ultimately lead the execution of innocent and respected members of the town. Some of the elder girls such as the head Abigail knew very well of her actions and used strategically planned methods of power. The following phrase by Foucault epitomises power very accurately when in relation to these girls from The Crucible People know what they do they oft en know why they do what they do but dont know is what they do does (Dreyfus & Rabinow 1982, p. 187). This theory on power is an example of how both Foucault and Miller may have been influenced by other modernist thinkers such as max Weber, a modernist thinker.He believed that power is the chance of a man or a number of men to realize their own will in a social action even against the resistance of others who are participating in the action (Max Weber, Basic Terms-The Fundamental Concepts of Sociology 1942) In much of Foucaults writing there are seeming contradictions especially in this return to the traditional philosophic view or Enlightenment idea that description and interpretation ultimately must correspond to the way things really are. However, Foucault does admit to his somewhat stilted approach to writing. I am fully aware that I have never written anything other than fiction.For all that, I would want to say that they were outside the truth. It seems plausible to me to ma ke fictions work within truth, to precede truth-effects within a fictional discourse With this is mind one can say that Foucaults writing is quiet informative and helpful in its own right and reveals more about society and its practices than about ultimate reality. In The Order of Things, Foucault does describe an episteme as the combination of institutions, discourses, knowledge and practices that organise the way we do things, making some actions acceptable rather than unthinkable.In many ways Foucaults concepts of knowledge and power are contradictory to his own existing theories. While many of Foucaults ideas are parallel with Arthur Millers film, The Crucible, some of his ideas reject Millers way of thinking. This non-uniformity in Foucaults analysis can however be justified, because it is hard to believe that in any given culture and at any given moment, there is only one episteme that defines the possibility of all knowledge, power relations, the concepts of freedom and tr uth, whether it be in a theory or demonstrated in practice or action.

Anti Animal Testing of Body Shop

The Issue Anti-Animal Testing Campaign Award RSPCA trade practised Business Awards 2009 Background of the jackpot In 1976, Anita Riddick founded The consistency storehouse, a vivid, environmentally minded cosmetics shop in England. Today, The consistency Shop has everywhere 2,400 stores in 61 countries around the world and is headquartered in Little Hampton, westside Sussex, and England. In 2006, LOreal acquired The Body Shop for an estimated ? 652. 3 million. Anita continued to scram a large field of study forth creative control over the company until her death in 2007.Description of the issue in that respect are millions of sentient beings including rabbits, wop pigs, mice and rats continue to suffer and die an agonizing death behind the companies who refuses to give up the practice for nonentity to a greater extent than human vanity. The body shop cares about the treatment of faunas so we are continuing to consequence a leadership role in protecting physicals and seek alternatives to fauna examination. There are over 300 of The Body Shop stores in United Kingdom hold in launched pledge to ban wildcat scrutiny on cosmetics around the world.We have a strict requirement of the human cosmetic stock which was set by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in order to ensure the process of producing is respectable. why do we have to a establishst animal testing? All those animals are do to suffer and die in a variety of routine tests for cosmetics products and their ingredients. For example, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity. Rabbits or rats are lunge to eat or inhale cosmetics ingredients or have it rubbed onto their shaved skin every day for 90 days and are then killed.As our slogan of watcher with Heart, we cannot accept this thing happen in the world. We are then in feature to solve all cosmetic industries prohibit in apply animal testing for cosmetics or other ingredients that are harmful to a nimal. Objectives 1. Informational objectives The body shop builds a coalition with Cruelty Free planetary (CFI) and Leaping Bunny program which is the only standard that ensures there is no animal testing secured at any phase of product development. It is in order to create an industry-changing violation and to provide transferability to others in the cosmetic industries. 2.Attitudinal objectives The body shop builds a relationship with customers by using their powers to influence with suppliers to oral communication and eliminate the animal testing issue. Implementation This issue is crucial to all protect animal organizations and customers. The Body Shop has carried out this campaign with CFI and we seek global ban of animals to test cosmetic. International value and R&D Director of the Body Shop have taken the lead of a gigantic commitment to this cause and Our Technical Compliance Team is responsible for ensuring that no ingredients we use have been time-tested on animals since the end of December 1990.We do obligate CFI to achieve a worldwide ban on animal testing. In 1996, we have already collected over 4-million petition signatures and delivered to the European Commission with the triumph of outlaw on animal testing for finished cosmetics products in 2004. Croatia and Nor counselling have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. Although European Union has announced the polity on banning animal testing, there is still approximately 80% of the world allows animals to be employ in cruel experiments.We still need to continue supporting CFI to achieve this mission. Communication Plan Constituencies share groups include animal rights organization, animal protection groups, suppliers and their trade organizations customers, investors, animal scientists and other academic in the animal science arena and media. We focus on one of the target customers as the main stakeholder t hat would direct locomote our market on cosmetic industries. The Body Shop audits regularly to ensure absolute compliance with British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) Humane Cosmetics Standard (HCS).We are committed to our Against Animal Testing policy as we ever were and to guarantee that one of our products are tested on animals. We communicate clearly on our policies to customers and suppliers apprehend to create a bigger influence to all cosmetic users throughout the world. Responses of constituency (Source Cruelty Free International) As the report has mentioned that we have successfully collected over 4-million petition signatures to support anti-animal testing program. Customers are to a greater extent than willing to put efforts to encourage this program all over the world.To show our promise to influence over 80% of the world, we raise knowingness among employees and listen to our stakeholders in order to maintain, measure, monitor and report on our performa nce. On the other hand, we have invited volunteers to promote our inwardness of against cosmetic testing on animal by creating a 400 citizenry flash mob taking a stance in support of CFIs campaign in June, 2012. So as to response our stakeholders, we have published our campaign on our semiofficial website, www. thebodyshop. co. uk/ . CorporationThe Body Shop believes that all animals have their value and respect we will continue to lead the government agency of opposing animal testing by demonstrating the highest monitoring standards and clear customer communication. We are glad to gain trust from our customers to support our program, so we have labeled our products against animal testing to ensure the continued awareness of our customers and employees. The body shop is looking forward to build up a good enough relationship with customers in order to continue our mission of this issue.We also desire to use it purchasing power and influence with customers to address and eliminat e the cosmetic animal testing. Our whole company will be involved in this issue especially the connection with our supplier as we need to ensure all of our products are not tested by animals. Therefore, we will first study whether the ingredients can be bought in organic or pretty Trade form and what certification can be provided. We are now part of the leading stunner group in the world, LOreal but our commitment and principle of ethical have not changed.This fraternity would only make us to have stronger resources to influence the whole world about this issue. Since LOreal is well- cognize for the quality of their scientific research and they have been applying that expertise to finding alternatives to animal testing for cosmetics. One particular success has been the development of a new synthetic epidermis called Episkin, which mimics the physiology and reaction of human skin so well that it can be used to test the effects of many chemicals.We are hopeful that this admission to the range of non-animal test will make a significant difference to overall cosmetics sector, as it has been made available to use for the whole industry. The body shop has founded over 35 yrs with a tyrannical reputation thanks to all employees and customers encouragement. The Body Shop has been praised by customers as the British brand with the better corporate reputation, according to a new survey by brand consultancy Added Value.Despite The Body Shops acquisition by the global peach tree group, LOreal, it remains a brand recognized for its ethical viewpoint, although it may need to keep abreast of changing consumer attitudes to hold onto its leadership position. Nevertheless, we always keep our good reputation to continue persuading other countries on non-animal testing. Messages The body shop has launched several events to convey the message of anti-animal testing through the media. Instance, the biggest ambitious campaign is the partnership with CFI telling the world ab out the cause of animal testing with facts and empathy to all people who loves cup of tea with heart.We are calling on governments for a ban on animal testing for cosmetics in every country around the world by signing the pledge at our stores. We have to send a strong message to governments that cruelty-free is not just humane it is a good way to do business too and these entire signatures by customers or people who love beauty with heart presented to relevant governments and stakeholders who can influence the introduction of a ban. We are proud to have the support of CFI and the pledges with all signatures will enable to do all we can to ensure that no animals are harmed in tests for the cosmetics industry.The body shop has expended the campaign internet to let people who are not located in our stores to give a support on this issue. Apart from the corporation with CFI, The Body Shop has also through different kind of means to promote our message such as labeling our important mes sage Against animal testing on all of our products. We are in processing on holding several beauty contests to get attention from all customers on this issue. For example, we are going to launch two beauty competitions. Beauty with heart make-up competition is a competition aim at showing humans beauty by using our The Body Shop make-up products.We want to give a message of showing our making procedures of all products are ethical without any harm to animals. Either of showing how natural and pure of our products, the importance of beauty is also one of the main points that we want to give out. Being well-favored is not only for the appearance but also the inner beauty of a person. To love myself is to first of all love others include animals we have to understand the highest standard of beautiful is being beauty with moral and spiritual. moving-picture show education of beauty competition, we want to convey the cruel fact of animal testing on animal to all customers and also stu dents.We have to strike a balance between beauties and ethical on business, we entreat to spread our issue to our next generation therefore video education is the most effective way of telling them the importance of inner beauty. This aims to structure the trustiest part of animal testing process to let people understand animal can be beautiful too if we stop killing and harming them, animal should merit a fair treat as human being. Through the process of animal testing, we wish to build up or tell the truth of beauty to everyone around the world.The alternatives to using animals to test cosmetics These modern methods are more relevant to humans and have been found to predict human reactions better than the traditional outdated animal tests. According to the CFI, to assess skin irritation alternatives such as Reconstituted Human Epidermis, like the skin set EPISKIN, can be used. These tests use reconstituted human skin donated from cosmetic surgery and have been shown to be more effective than the original cruel rabbit Draize skin test that they replace.Models also exist and can be used to replace cruel animal tests for eye irritation, the effects of skin sensitization can be predicted by looking at proteins in-vitro (in a test tube), and phototoxicity can also be assessed with a cellular phone based test. Furthermore, companies can prove their products are safe by utilizing established ingredients. There are, for example, almost 20,000 ingredients in the European Unions database for which safety data is available. Evaluation Response of constituencies As noticed above, The Body Shop has already collected over 4 million signatures with estimated 275 million people a year who visit our stores.With over millions of volunteers who support us by making videos and spread our message through genial networking devices such as Facebook, YouTube as well as Twitter with a vote on our issue. Corporation After being acquired by LOreal, a company accused of using an imal testing. There was some speculation over if The Body Shop would continue to have this same standard of no animal testing, but the company seemed to be unchanged, keeping all its values intact. Awards In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by theRSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) inBritain. They were given this accolade for complying with the strict requirements of the Humane Cosmetics Standards. Result In 2004, European Union is banned the animal testing for cosmetics. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. We have also successfully influenced other beauty companies with the help of CFI to ban on animal testing which has shown on the appendices. Reference Unknown. (2012). Against Animal Testing. Retrieved from http//www. thebodyshop. om/values/AgainstAnimalTesting. aspx The Body Shop International plc. (2012). 2012 Annu al value report. Bostrock and Pollitt Limited, London. Retrieved from http//www. thebodyshop. com/content/pdf/global-values_report. pdf Source. (2008). The Body Shop praised by consumers as brand with best reputation in Britain. Retrieved from http//www. added-value. com/source/2008/03/the-body-shop-praised-by-consumers-as-brand-with-best-reputation-in-britain/ Cruelty-Free International. (2012). Animal Tests and Alternatives. Retrieved from http//www. rueltyfreeinternational. org/en/the-issue/animal-tests-and-alternatives Tatiana Houdegbe. (2011). The Body Shop. Retrieved from http//fashionwithaheart. wordpress. com/2011/05/20/the-body-shop-csr/ Appendices Ranking of The Body Shop The online CFI Pledge The label of against animal testing on products 1 . 400 people took a stance against animal testing for cosmetics in support of Cruelty-Free Internationals Campaign. With reference on http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=miMoU7GO2JE&feature=related