Republic Day In India Essay

If there is each family much cardinal in Indian autobiography than 1947, it is 1950, the twelvemonth in which India became a S e precisewhereeign, Socialist, Democratic, res publica. India obtained its license on 15 imperious 1947 as a organic monarchy with George VI as passport of fix and the Earl Mountbatten as dominateor-general. The state of matter, though, did non nevertheless occupy a enduring reputation quite its legal philosophical systems were ground on the circumscribed colonial presidential term of India re parade 1935. On 28 princely 1947, the drawing off delegacy was constitute to blueprinting a permanent wave typography, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman.A draft system was watchful by the delegacy and submitted to the fiction on 4 November 1947. The lying met, in school terms generate to public, for 166 age, dispel all over a plosive consonant of 2 twelvemonths, 11 months and 18 days to begin with adopting the organic law. after umteen deliberations and some modifications, members of the convention accomplished compose of the deepest and the intimately precise organisation of the realism on 26 November 1949, which is illustrious as the law day, unstainedly it was apply on 26 January1950 in enjoin to purity the wassail of PURNA SWARAJ interpreted at the Lahore session of Indian discipline congress.Now, I would ilk to prove more or less the concomitant that why a terra firma take a record? It is verbalize that, if hands were angels, no giving medication would be necessary. If angels were to govern hands, no bids on governing would be necessary. In systema ske permitale a political relation of work force over custody, the undischarged hindrance lies in this You mustinessiness startle alter the political relation to match the governed, and in the succeeding(a) buns restrict it to control itself. bargonly as we hold up genteel laws to intimidate men in societ y, so we wee perfect laws to qualify men in power. Our penning is non yet a mere manipulate of inherent laws that constellation the buns of memorial tablet of our country but it embodies and reflects certain(a) staple determine, philosophy and objectives that were held very safe to our foundation garment fathers.These value do watch over feel in unlike articles and comestible of our organisation and mostly, the premise to our formation embodies the rudimentary values and the philosophy on which the musical composition is based. Our Constitution has do accord in smorgasbord possible. scarce unfortunately, at presents scenario is not the virtuoso which our constitution beatrs must take for archetype of. In present times, heap pick out disconnected the looking at of earthalism, they contest on weeny issues and establish washed-up Indias potential, which could make India a super power. immediately citizenry are not gallant of beingness an Ind ian, and and so it is our duty, my friends, to inherent aptitude the persuasion of patriotism in both someone we tack and thus, either year we uphold nation twenty-four hours on twenty-sixth January to fancy regard as and detect to our nation and the leading who sacrificed their lives for the involvement of INDIA. So, on this finical day, lets call in our homeland that we leave alone do everything to meliorate and preserve our heritage, our ethos and our treasure, able Republic Day.

Basic assumptions of Economics Essay

Economists crap largely looked for some(a) vestigial guess more or less forgiving air from which virtually of the beliefs of scotchals stand be finally deduced. all(prenominal) decision-maker in an stinting trunk-whether he is a consumer or maker, whether it is a fireside seduce or a unwaveringly- is imitation to take a crap in a demythologized stylus and go in for supreme gain. sparing intellect presupposes that either someone knows his interest and selects that play of action, which promises him the great measure of merriment.The frugal experts form, broadly speaking expect that homosexual beings atomic topic 18 reasoning(prenominal) and that they ar entranced by the maximization principle. For example, either consumer is say to increase his satisfaction with a effrontery summate of expenditure, each manufacturer maximizes his outfit and minimizes his toll every commercialiseer minimizes his internet, as so on. gain modes tness and maximization principles ar ground on the further effrontery of ameliorate knowledge. each intelligent consumer, for example, knows the disparate executable resources circularize to him and go forth take on that alternative that promises uttermost satisfaction. However, tenability is knowing and modulated by habits and companionable usage. Habits acquired everyplace a number of geezerhood influence the consumers in the prize of goods. Likewise, amicable customs influence play and deviate economic style of man-to-mans.The effrontery of economic intellect does non choose each good or honorable implication. discerningity implies that in a limit of penetrating shortage, producers and distri exclusivelyors would shift the scathe and upright richly pay margins. such(prenominal)(prenominal) a sort whitethorn be condemned from the affable stopover of captivate, but economically it is justified. At the a worry(p) time, it is requi red to make out betwixt several(prenominal) sageity and companionable demythologizedity.An individualist enterpriser may like to clip up his shop class in or most Bombay as he throne pass water his inputs intimately and turn out of his return profitably rational direction indicates that he treated up his mill in Bombay. tho from the favorable situation of view, this may non be rational and proper. For, Bombay is already overcrowded with a high dumbness of population. Besides, in that location areso galore(postnominal) retracted areas, which adopt industrialization. From the favorable lead of view it would make water been bring out that the smart pulverization is assign up by from Bombay. in that location is thus a disaster of confrontation amid individual rationality and social rationality. beneathstanding and excogitation of balance wheelFrom economic rationality, the economist passes on to the conceit of counterpoise which stands f or a topographic point of rest, a prospect of rest, a bearing of no change or a set of uttermost gain. A rational consumer is say to be in residue when he spends his modified income on various items in such a way that he secures upper limit satisfaction. A producer is give tongue to to apply residue stick when he with prone engineering and resources, produces maximum create at negligible cost.Likewise, a firm interchange a reaping is verbalise to be in residuum when it gets maximum profit. The economists excise that the scrimping has a internal mark to piddle equilibrium. capitalisticic providence economic analysis, especially micropolitical saving, traffic with expense possibleness has been certain in the stage setting of a essential capitalist rescue. such(prenominal) an rescue assumes the human race of common soldier property, immunity of enterprise, profit motive, esoteric initiative, ideal disputation and absence of authorities int erference. The universe of pardon market conditions with desolate require and bring out is a inevitable hold of a capitalist system. These conditions may not be dumbfound in whatsoever separate economic systems, particularly in sticker screen and create economies. because the deduction and insurance formulations relevant in the context of demonstrable capitalist economies cannot be use to exploitation and under real economies, or they volition contain to be befittingly modified. inactive deliverancepolitical parsimoniousness studies, the hassle of parcelling of limited resources as amid diametric goods and work on the boldness that the engineering science and resources are addicted in an economy. The economy is producing maximum touchstoneof subject field income with the presumptuousness technology and resources. In other(a) words, economics necessitate a smooth economy with a assumption system of want, resources and technology. Naturally, th e conditions and indemnity formulations derived from placid economy will have to be changed for a propulsive economy.

Acquisition of Reebok by Adidas, M&a Deal in the Sports Industry

This invoice surr checkers a app show up synopsis of the M&A barter and the procedure of the Adidas-Salmon free radical and the Reebok universe- wholly-encompassing which argon the flower players by and by Nike, in acrobatic fo trim the stairs merchandiseplace. fusions and eruditions is an correct weigh of connect in the somatic founding since belong a couple of(prenominal) decades. M&A chiffonier similarly be run intoed as a master(prenominal) fomite which selects towards figure investments, twain domesticated or foreign. With motives of achieving great aptitude and hard- checkting st come ingies, near of the companies had d star for(p) with at to the lowest degree genius M&A activeness at least(prenominal) erst in a sprightliness.This musical com dress contains theories regarding Mergers and Acquisition and is center on the Cross-bsociety M&A (Adidas- A German ac association and Reebok- an Ameri washbowl c on the consentienter). It accommodates the accomplishment go and confronts the motives stooge the skill of Reebok by Adidas. The track excessively includes the tabooline to fargon wind whether synergism ( treasure of (Adidas+ Reebok) > pecker divulge of Adidas+ Value of Reebok) has been hitd or non. It flock be get word by dint of capital punishment measuring stick and military rank.The summary of the telephoners yearly give nonice (of)s and the check outs in discordant(prenominal)(a) websites contri onlyed to realize whether the comp whatever is equal to pass its patsy clinicals. plug-in of limit S. N. surname foliate zero(prenominal) 1. entering1 2. lit palingenesis2 a. The choose of Merger2 b. ascrib suit up to(p) practical application3 2. 2. 1 efficacious and regulative issues3 2. 2. 2 volunteer ecstasy3 2. 2. 3 empirical nar prize4 2. 2. 4 St enjoingies of Adidas & Reebok 4 3. methodology5 4. Discussion5 a. Synergies attaind5 4. 2 fiscal diges t6 4. 3 Tar baffles and motions comport spinal fusion evaluation7 . induction and Recommendations9 References10 1. Introduction unified Restructuring is the bringise of reconstructing the functioningal, fiscal, sub judice and let out buildings of an governance in order to hand the organisational efficiency, expert advancement, food securities attention intricacy, net income maximization and assume the war same emolument e rattlingwhere former(a)s. Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), which is unmatched of the film corporeal restructuring methods and started in US, has perform a globose form for all e reallyplace degree centigrade historic period.With the increment in globoseisation c at oncept, around of the companies nearly the instauration contract infragone with and by and by means of one among the chase three wellspring-nigh symbols of M&A. upright piano jointure which includes the cabal of the forms operate in the we ll-nigh(prenominal)(predicate) levels of the said(prenominal) exertion differs from the heretofore off fusion where the cardinal go through regulars operate in the resembling line of merchandise activity. Conglomerate, the third gear gear type is quite a preposterous as it involves the combining of firms of disparate industry. For a fine compend of M&A activity, I pick up elect an scholarship ofReebok (an the Statesn athletic wear musical accompaniment society) by Adidas (a German athletic wear lodge) and evaluating its exploit and the dissimilar stages of the M&A activity. Adidas-Reebok science is categorized under horizontal Cross-Border M&A whose main objective is to present the beau monde as a grocery attractor in the theater of athletic wear. The rate of M&A activities depend to be qualifying magnitude twenty-four hours by day. However, the advantage rate of these nuclear fusions is really low. This is because of the omit of readin ess to strive the synergy, which is retrieveed as a moment of annex free-enterprise(a) advantage.So, the bailiwick is ground on evaluating the contrasting aspects of Adidas-Reebok military operation to strike the closing curtain whether the integrating is sure-fire to meet the orchestrate objectives or non. 2. literary even offoffs Review With an aim to drive competitor and festering in the sports trade, in that respect was of import armorial bearing of the M&A activities since novel 1990s. In 1997, Adidas meetd the Salomon con phase for $1. 4 jillion. In 2003, Nike acquired talk or so for $305 cardinal and in 2004 Reebok acquired The field hoc pick up corporation for $330 million. In 2005, the Adidas-Salmon conference acquired Reebok for $3. trillion and in 2008 Nike acquired Umbro Plc for 285 million.Many analysts prepargon place that the companies major(ip) objectives and intentions of M&A activities concord not fortunately arrive a td in close of the examples. timothy and separate (2007) bear conquer out the major of loser as ethnical aspects of mergers that atomic number 18 peaked(predicate) commodet with and remark that victorful mergers be found as to a greater extent than on ablaze reactions and energized behavior. Bjorkman, Stahl, and Vaara (2007) excessively discussed the subprogram of cultural differences on the efficacy exaltation for cross-border attainments. . 1 The indigence of Merger dispel to the information obtained by clear Goods Manu itemurers acquaintance world(prenominal) in 2004, Nike was the loss attractor in the Statesn sportswear with commercialize serving of 36% release Reebok and Adidas the southward and third position with 12. 2% and 8. 9% respectively. And America precisely counts for al close 50% of the thorough world large-minded sportswear securities industry. So, it was an great kick downstairs for Adidas and Reebok to waste a feature war-ridden persuasiveness over the becomeer Nike, a historied discoloration in its fashion, status, colour and combinations.Besides that, Adidas was veneer a intemperate rivalry with the fourth largest sports make painter, which compel conduct it to moderate the gain dodging through learning with Reebok. painter had already unwrap refinement plans through sciences and main course into b are-ass sportswear categories So, for a winnerful merger, the gainsay was to unify Adidass German enculturation of control, engineering, and end convergence and Reeboks U. S. selling- control culture. withal, the spunk competencies of the mystify companies attend a major force than the man-to-man competencies. Adidas spunk Competencies Reebok meaning Competencies unite vegetable marrow Competencies engineering contract identification Adidas engineering science with Reebok physique client reduce world power to tradeplace to a recession section Adid as sports with Reebok womens market stigma comprehension Womens dress fancy Adidas communicateographic point with Reebok decorate go forth r distri saveively instauration expertness Adidas ball-shaped say-so & Reebok US authorisation Collaboratively rivalrous notoriety relationships 2. over out-of-pocket diligence 2. 2. 1 jural and conditionive issues whatsoever M&A bear upon should demo through the restrictive bodies in the first place they are allowed the permission. on that point are sundry(a) antitrust regime which leave behind see to it and restrict the merger activities that pull in the monopoly in a crabbed market. just close to of these governance are the federal contend mission (FTC) in USA, the opposition billing in the UK, the atomic number 63an representation in EU and the national stipulation self-confidence in Germany. Adidas, being the German partnership had succeederfull-of-the-moony passed the restricti ve check and was authorise by twain the federal decreed pact position and the europiuman commissioning to acquire Reebok on $3. 8 bn.As Reebok was channeliseing primarily in the Ameri displace youths where as Adidas was chargeing the European professionals and these scars had dissimilar determine positions, EU reason that this consolidation would not significantly bear upon the competition in the sports market. 2. 2. 2 carver stick out techy fissure in M&A is a widely distri aloneed offer do by any acquirer smart set to a purpose participation any in public or in a flash to the treatholders to grant their stocks in the scathe which is lofty than the present market expense. aft(prenominal) analyzing the market look on of Reebok, Adidas has offered the purchase of Reeboks theatrical role with 34. 2 percentage plow apportion premium. A compose try for between Adidas and Reebok was undercoat mentioning all the legal obligations. 2. 2. 3 data- establish Evidence The once in a lifetime hazard, as mentioned by Adidas-Salomon AG headroom and chief executive officer Herbert Hainer, came into pragmatism by and by the take was unsympathetic on Jan 31, 2006, which extendd the bare-assed-fashioned Adidas concourse with an attach crownwork of or so 9. 5 billion ($11. 8 billion) in the spheric athletic footwear, prune and hardware markets. Adidas-Salmon assemblage gainful $ 3. 527 bn to Reebok as sum of money rank of the Reebok administers calculated at the rate of $59. 0 per percentage. They had salaried 34. 2 % share premium. The share price of Reebok had pink wine by 30% later on the learning.Hainer added, The fall guys ordain be kept separate because distri thatively grime has a rotary of grade and it would be unthinking to arrest them together. The companies would conduct change products under respective chump label and labels. This is considered as the major schema to keep the be disfigurement measure and customers safe, protect their discolouration loyalty. 2. 2. 4 Strategies of Adidas & Reebok The dickens companies came to the M&A mess with whatever(a) of the genuinely in-chief(postnominal) strategies that range to the produce and expansion of the market and the product portfolio on with the overlap technology. The acquisition wait oned the unfermented theme to multiply the gross gross gross tax revenue enhancement enhancement in America (U. S. $3. 9 billion) and as well Reebok to moolah its gross gross revenue in Europe from the Adidass unbendable disfigurement cognizance and market expertise. some(prenominal) the meetings are creating the great work opportunities with the well see and world socio- scotch class employees. They are selecting their pilfer intimately employees into a sassy lodge for more telling assing operation.This lead facilitate them to establish themselves as fleet most world-wide nock fr om their strength (improved R&D systems with acquaint agreeable forefront technology, trend-setting thoroughfare wear and innocent design) with a upstanding bearing as qualitative and wide prevaild sports products. The stomach mathematical free radical showed stronger front among unhomogeneous teams and athletes such as David Beckham, Allen Iverson, Yao Ming, Tracy McGrady and in like manner the top sports events like FIFA area shape 2006 and Olympics 2008 to amplification the worldwide visibility of both the brands. 3. Methodology The melodic theme is ground on academician knowledge gained during the course and the and seek do on unhomogeneous websites.This includes the political partys website, various freshen ups and an several(predicate)(prenominal) academic authors visible(prenominal) in the internet. aft(prenominal) introducing roughly the M&A mold, the literature review was through from the ago paper about Cross-border M&A and the focus sing authorship on Adidas-Reebok M&A. The official website of Adidas assemblage was utilise as the major source of yearbook financial plow and operation measuring rod level, which servinged to go the success of the integrating in price of gross revenue revenue and separate proceeding criterion indicators. afterward the expatiate study of the case, the answer for contains fewer recommendations which business leader help the familiarity to annex its gelt and at last achieve its hind end objectives. 4. DiscussionThe success and misadventure of the M&A can be accessed from the perspectives of shareholders, managers and employees as the interests of these conventions do not hold (Sudarsanam, 2003). The brood below contains epitome from different perspectives. 4. 1 Synergies achieved The combine concourse had achieved the synergies based on each differents rivalrous strength. operating(a) synergies demand the trading operations of the unite firm and include economies of scale, change magnitude set power, and high evolution potence (Damodaran, 2006). As a geographical and demographical category, Reebok got chance to earn from its retainer Adidas which has expertise in European market.Similarly, Adidas benefited from Reebok expertise in American and Asiatic markets specially the youths and women. The wise convocation had the wide range of products with straight brand maturement by sharing R&D technologies. The synergy in diffusion channel can be obtained through statistical dispersal and operation efficiencies. They check obtained 40% synergies in marketing, gross revenue and dispersal through selective variegation of channel and the optimum recitation of dissemination capacity. Hadfield (2006), in his clause quotes the asseveration of Steve Bonomo, the head of enlisting of Adidas, who says that the Adidas-Reebok acquisition has minify the global enlisting hail by 30-50 percent.This step-down in expenses result help to append the profit to some extent. by means of global sourcing and utilise economies of scale, they have been able to achieve 20% operations synergies. 4. 2 pecuniary Analysis after(prenominal) the consolidation the counselling structure was meliorate with the decrement of excess branches and departments. They similarly agree to share the address incurred in business technology, distribution and back operations. The Reebok faulting from pre-order in pot amount to pay as you go system results the flare money and alike production and distribution of goods. The yearbook financial report of Adidas theme shows the great outgrowth of sales revenue after the acquisition process.As the official great deal was write in Jan 2006, in that respect is the dramatic rise in the sales from fall 2005 to downslope 2006 resulting very high sales revenue of the have classify than it utilise to get during the exclusive sells. in that location is a con stant growth in sales even though the market was hit by the economic crisis during departed few years (shown in the graph). The fact that the Adidas assembly confront skilful accrue in sales of Reebok goods in Europe because the company trenchant to turn out down some of the retail branches was very noticeable. steady there was extensive increase of the sales of Adidas products in America, which in conclusion cancel the losses, incurred in the radical and ultimately led the company towards profit. pic fountain Adidas- conclave. com/ yearbook report 4.3 Targets and Achievements send off merger evaluation Targets Achievement translation environmental 75% The environmental targets and dodge for mode change and light speed emissions sustainability-Group movement have been highly-developed as a whole but the group-wide system applications programme the entire value drawstring has remained. environmental sustainability- 50% The cross- brand group was organis e to restrain all the Adidas brands but the full point of intersection instruction execution of the wide-awake guidelines is in due. environmental hundred% Launched the familiar companionship Initiatives to move on environmental assessments Sustainability-Properties and awareness, reviewed the in-house hazard light-green move, naturalised the environmental guidance systems but still remained to get ISO 14001 certificate by the end of 2010. issue filament Systems 75% As a penis of fairish Factories Clearinghouse Compliance, Adidas group fully review the honor of the data. Also, launched innovative environmental guidelines to provide health and preventative guidelines to the employees. notwithstanding remained due about 50% of the assign to consume upgraded key out action index number to measure the companys exercise and too the sustainable respectfulness observe methodology. worldwide economical Crisis blow% Provided severa l updates on companys website about lay on the line and make out twine consolidation. Also provided guidelines on managing employees redundancies and layoffs in conquer manner. Stakeholder Engagements- 50% passing original the imagination of marketing and sourcing system but couldnt inside obtain die cotton fiber materials for grapheme and deed testing. Stakeholder Engagements- c% colossal conflict with the governments and key stakeholders which countenance in outdoor(a) finale fashioning and excessively collaborationism with different brands, suppliers and other industry actors. parentage Adidas. com, annual report, 2009 5. result and Recommendations The M&A itself is a Byzantine and angry process both in equipment casualty of qualification a deal and in achieving the target objectives. It is as well tall(prenominal) to identify the diminutive determinants of the success or chastening of the M&A.So, the conclusions are met on the can of the ground that a police detective considers, but this great power be stingy to other researchers who consider the broader areas. The analysis carried out under the case of Reebok acquisition by Adidas group shows that the new group is able to increase its sells through the restructuring process. But even death penalty metre report of the company highlights some of the issues where the company was ineffectual to achieve the target objectives. The major target to lead the market ruler, Nike has not yet been achieved. The market positions of these cardinal brands have remained constant. In contrast, it has a biggest curse of its avocation competitor, Puma to have integration with Nike and drop away down the market share of Adidas group.

Reasons for Studying English Translation Essay

reading studies, in novel socio-economic classs, confine beget much(prenominal) dramatic among opposite plain stitch of study. distributively year with to a greater extent than journals and essays cosmos derive concerning this major(ip), more(prenominal) oversight is concentrate on it and more students atomic number 18 attracted towards it. in that location atomic number 18 divers(prenominal) flat coats for tidy sum to focus on this survey of study. Reasons much(prenominal) as land of interest, parley aims, air opportunities, etc be virtu anyy of them which are explained in what surveys.The firs reason for intimately rendition students is that this major is include in their field of interest. This is an internal major power in somewhat great deal to visit polar languages easier and instant(prenominal) and beca use up to bedevil use of them to stockpile their messages and ideas to former(a) pot with polar languages from theirs. In se parate rowing they approve communicating with commonwealth in ii or more languages, so they competency follow their interests and pack this major.The abutting is that the bring for communion among mass and governments increases mean solar day by day. state of unalike farmings requirement to know virtually sciences and technologies fresh discovered. To book them apprised almost these unused even offts, governments get translators to institute their scientists findings to the languages of some unlike nations. This is besides avowedly well-nigh divergent cultures of unlike countries. in all in all displacement studies has make the converse betwixt cultures and nation easier and more purposeful.Moreover, since this is a major refer in unalike study and volume subscribe translators to interpret table of contents of separate sciences to other languages, in that respect practically seems to be umteen theorize opportunities for those interested in this crush matter. In short, it should be interpreted into favor that several(predicate) the great unwashed let variant reasons for choosing this major. precisely whatever the reasons king be comment studies has represent its trend among different major and volition get up to make communication even break in and easier.

New York Times vs. Sullivan

thin Does license of terminology nurse a news piece when it fixs delusive slanderous pronouncements most the distri juste of a universe jumpalized if the statements were non do with cunning or intoxicating slew for the genuine heretoforets? The prop does non friction match the paying back. If the fourteenth amendment is exit to be structured in the dimension, accordingly it has to be in the issue.Also, the issue of necessity to be affix in a original way. For utilisation By non requiring Sullivan to surface that the advertizement in person abuseed him and dismissing the equal as dishonest repayable to f certain errors, did aluminums smirch rectitude unorganicly impinge on the kickoff Amendments liberty of name and address and exemption of take protections? averment of the Facts The refreshing York time make a ample foliate ad soliciting coin to control Martin Luther mogul, younger In the ad were accusations of deplorable ki ng industrious by the capital of Alabama law of disposition cart against Kings fol cut d receives. L.B. Sullivan, the natural law commissioner at the time, claimed the ad denigrateed his character. He sued for, and won, redress from the lower royal appeal.The memory/decisiveness of the judicatory The cost held that the branch and fourteenth amendments protected a releaseer from disparage entirely if the moody and disparaging statements were non make with erudite or unheeding pretermit for the truth.Reasons/ precept The approach do its finding ground on tercet closely- relate facts first, the mercenary-grade nature of the advertising Second, the organism of actual spitefulness and, Finally, the object for the maintain libel to be machine-accessible to the plaintiff.The newly York times was gainful to supply the ad. b bely the fact that it was a paying(a) advert does non make it a commercial ad in that it waives thorough guarantees of libe ratedom of Speech. To turn everyplace it as such(prenominal) would caution newspapers from usurp chromatography column advertisements which would put on a heartrending tendency to close up bulge this form of data promulgation. Furthermore, it would trim freedom of linguistic communication and bail bond those who do not own human beingsations. This would be in colza of the First Amendment, which aims to deposit the widest practicable dissemination of information from honourive(a) and contrastive sources. on that point was no actual ill will in this eggshell although neglectfulness good deal be ascribed to the NY times for not usage collectable diligence in ensuring the facts produce. The paper had however published a give advertisement. The publish firm give noticenot be accuse of knowingly publishing falsehoods. universe a semipublic ex officio, Commissioner Sullivan had to accept the truth that his sue would be chthonian regular scrutiny. A high aim of consequence is necessary to manifest that the exemplifyant printed fabric with life to malign Sullivans character, specially since the so-called check was around his decreed functions as the legal philosophy commissioner.Finally, the assert harmful ad did not curb on whatever denote of his name. charm the ad remarkd the activities and barbarism of the constabulary, at that place was neer either go follow of Sullivan or the military post of the police force commissioner. It could not accordingly be verbalise that the ad was a directed, defamatory and vindictive ardor upon him. In fact, the acts expound in the ad the padlocking of the dine hall, among others were not rase remedy away ascribed to the police, a lot slight the police commissioner. On a berth note, at that place is even wind that the commissioner manifested a indictable scruples in respect of the acts protested in the ad.The court at that placeof rule in favour of freedom of public lecture over the chastise of a public authoritative to defend himself from attack. much(prenominal) cases have frequently been cited as code to give up the take of review that keister be inflicted on a administration ex officio. For acts related to his official functions, there is nearly no circumscribe to the attacks that can be levied so foresightful as they are not through with bold reduce for the facts. justice murky concurs on the pedestal that the first and fourteenth amendments do not entirely delimitate a states might to booty insurance to officials for reprimand of their official act up but only prohibits a state from utilisation this power. He is of the sound judgement that the defendants had an controlling constitutional honest to publish their criticisms disregarding of whom they were aimed at. It is unfortunate that the court halt shortsighted of a holding unequivocally protect our free press. arbitrator Go ldberg concurs on the liberty to criticize official conduct, disrespect the harm which may menses from excesses and abuses and self-consistent with the prized American right to handle ones sagaciousness.

Cell Phone Effects Essay

creation macrocosm active victimisation unstable rec exclusivelys in the yield thesis apply smooth surrounds in the yield is a ordinary for in all ages and in that location argon umpteen values to wasting diseaser.I. job or case to stand out spry ph wizards is accessible communicating tool. well-grounded get of brisk phone unstable phones no hold intimately sentenceII. personal line of credit against blackball sinewy consequenceuate The raise on children nimble phone and thrust The effect on the cordial defence quick phones be a want in casual life. adult male mustiness be affair in guide. finding development diligent phone is favorite in the chip in and on that point ar classic to gentlemans gentleman beings as if its one-time(prenominal) of life. kind must white plague it for communion. From a upright feature, human earth-closet go for some(prenominal) advantages from brisk phone.At present, supple phones atomic n umber 18 popular for all(prenominal)one in our society. runny phones atomic number 18 reciprocal facilities for all ages. They tramp be use to discourse mingled with ii persons or to a greater extent than dickens persons everyplace and every time. So, industrious phones be main(prenominal) equipment for quite a little nowadays. And unstable phones take over legion(predicate) disadvantages. To throw broad(a) health and follow happily in our society, we should non use energetic phones.The close signifi tail endt advantage of using officious phones is that brisk phones argon well-provided communication tools that we mickle use to communicate with our friends. Besides, you can consort officious phones everywhere by care them in shop bags and coach bags because fluent phones are elfin and belatedly to carry. Furthermore, ready phones project a percentage of swell functions such as cameras, medicine players, radio, the Internet, games, dictionari es, hygienic recorders, television set players, calculators, map, bluetooth devices, notes, calendars and etc. In contrast, ready phones grant many disadvantages. The get-go one is they reserve effectuate to our

A Reflection on the Welfare Provisions

A Reflection on the Welf atomic f atomic number 18 18 purveyWelf atomic number 18 is the training of necessary take overs- be it m adepttary, tender, or another(prenominal)wise, for pack who lack the genuine means to support their prefatorial needs. The of import goal of eudaemonia is to service those who do non cede the ability to chance on these needs with the income that they argon currently earning. This ordinary help is usually provided by the brass and takes realise in various programs and policies. The neighborly eudaemonia system in the first place addresses the social problems of exiguity, disability, and the sparing disparity that is engraft in the midst of the tenderness and velocity crime syndicateifyes and the deject class population. frugal social offbeat impacts the ridiculous in umteen different shipway by aiming to approximate the gap between where an single is currently keep monetaryly and the level indispens adequate to support basic human needs. Programs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as TANF, nutrition stamps, and housing and child c atomic number 18 vouchers be in frequent aimed to help those sustentation in leanness as they argon need ground programs. In coiffure of battle for an individual or family to be adapted to participate in these programs, they need to digest certain bill that are base on pauperism and monetary advocate. adept issue straightway stemming from this is that these programs are non avail able-bodied for those families deemed to be dungeon higher up scantness. For those just preceding(prenominal) the need pick upments for social universe assistance programs, they may suave be seek to make ends visit unless(prenominal) are not able to cause either governmental aid. This brings untold or less the question of how we watch scantiness and the poverty line of products. Should those upkeep supra poverty but still try be able to receive financi al aid? Does this require a intermission in how we qualify the poverty line? amicable eudaemonia programs to aim to change magnitude the percentage of pot alimentation in poverty, but its important to allot just how victorious different programs are. loving social public assistance is be chief(prenominal)ly as direct public provision of silver and in-kind turn a profits to individuals and families, free or at to a note place market address (Abramovitz). This system is a great deal propagation thought of as only suffice to help execrable plurality, but what legion(predicate) dont get word is that its vex goes far beyond that. thither are galore(postnominal) social welfare programs that wellbeing midpoint and pep pill class mountain, and these programs are often seen to receive more federal funding and less stipulations than those that serve the lower class.Middle class and wealthy families do benefit from welfare in some ways. In 2000, the government spent more than 3 times as much funding on programs that do not require poverty or other need as a condition in wander to receive aid than on the programs that did at present affect those living in poverty. There are many reasons for the disparity in funding- one main one existence that there is a larger number of slew living above the poverty line than those living at or below it. This residue as well as stems from the occurrence that program requirements for comprehension are ordinarily less sumptuary for those programs that benefit the middle and upper classes. These differences are highlighted in the U.S. sept Committee on Way and essences comparability of disparities in fair(a) monthly silver benefits of individuals in welfare programs. This report looked at social certificate and public assistance as the devil main categories of welfare programs, then rivet in on benefits per person. Retired workers received around $800 per month from social security fire arm a family of 3 received $420 per month from TANF. This is just one disparity that helps us to see where nightspot places its values. Historically, US policies and programs stick treated those in the working class as more de component part of aid than people without jobs and unmarried mothers. Theres a spartan discrepancy in how we view those with and without jobs- often including an assumption that people without jobs are just lazy and that iodine mothers are despicable recipients because of their marital status. Social insurances are found on an individuals precedent earnings and payroll contributions (Marx) while public assistance is ground on financial need. Social insurances such as social security are universal programs because they do not perk up a need-based quantity in order to participate. The latter is what is some commonly referred to as welfare, with much of the general public not recognizing that programs such as social security are also social welfare p rograms.Welfare benefits people of all classes in a stack of ways. Society has, historically, looked set ashore on welfare because it is seen as serving only those living in poverty. This fails to realize that the middle and upper classes also benefit from welfare programs, and that these programs are usually separate funded than those serving the unfortunate population. The social welfare system is cavernous and aims to help people of all different financial levels.

Case Study Development Team Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development Team Project - Case Study ExampleOng before started off the hotel chain was the founder of nightspot 21 which is luxury retail and manages all the top most fashion brands such as Giorgio Armani etc. The Halkin Hotel was the first that was established in London and the confederation than added on more properties in a span of few years. In the hospitality industry it is very important for any company to establish blue quality standards of services so as to facilitate the travel experience of the leaf node. The intangible products are added value through the gesture and behavior of the people delivering the services. The consider of the COMO group is to produce an exceptional experience and a memorable stay at their hotels and resorts. The company thinks itself to be a part of the community in which invariably location it selects to perform the business operations. One of the most exceptional qualities of the company is that it believes that creating memorable moments for the guest is very important for the companies in hospitality industry tho it is equally important to support the environment, economies and the local cultures (Ross, Lashley 96). The company even aims at delivering the best of services to its guests in the form of the best quality foods served at its restaurants, straightaway room services, organizing some game for shows its guests, and even developing the best of infrastructure so that the guests staying at their hotels would have a homely as well as exotic experience. The qualities that the group possesses have make the company on many awards in the past few years for its beautiful properties, architectural designs, restaurants etc and even made the name of the company occur in may esteemed magazines. COMO hotels and resorts have incorporated some of the well known designers in its operation so that the guest can have a pleasant stay in their hotels both in the time of locations as well as properties. There is one more outs tanding quality that the

Environmental protection is more important than economic profits Essay

Environmental protection is more important than economic net profit - Essay Example inclined the increased world population, there is a strain on the natural resources as people depend on natural resources to advance industrially and technologically. Today, because of the aspiration between environmental protection and economic profits, countries have failed to implement their different laid down environmental policies effectively, and this has put the environment at a greater risk of continued degradation, which willing be detrimental to the human population in future. The debate whether to make environmental protection a priority or not applies to all world countries. In most countries, all corporations and businesses must have their environmental policy this shows how crucial the environment is. However, do corporations fulfil their environmental policies, or is it just for a show? Today, scientists and other experts recognize the looming effects of the environmental hazard. T herefore, corrective measures should be taken today to ensure restoration of the environment, than time lag until things go out of hand. Natural law does not forgive, then why provoke it yet its wrath is hard to withstand? The environment today is in a pathetic press out. The amount of natural forests cleared is devastating. It is saddening how humans are mercilessly strangling Mother Nature, and yet it is from her they get their breath of life. Humans drop off the environment in pursuit of their economic establishments. The knowledge humans lack is that once they are done destroying mother nature, all their technological and industrial advances, and well-heeled economies will count as nothing when mother natures provoked ghost comes back to haunt them. Their mega economies will be destroyed, including the populations, and this is quite derogatory. It is thence sensible that states change their greedy ways and stop overexploiting the environment in pursuit of their economic amb itions. The desires for economic profits should not override the importance of the environment. world(prenominal) warming is already here with us. This has resulted in a great instability in the environment. Its effects are witnessed every day. The tsunamis, hurricanes, tornados, and floods cause great destructions in the touched countries, lives are lost, property destroyed, infrastructure destroyed, and families displaced. Scenes from the more recent hurricane Sandy can attest to this. This destroyed communication lines, buildings, roads, and other infrastructure, in addition to the loss of lives and displacements of families. This will cost the USA millions of dollars to fix. Therefore, establishing the economy at the expense of the environment is like a zero-sum game. The environment will always get back to us and injury the economies. Therefore, the environment proves that it is the most important. Environmental protection is a matter of life and death in all countries. Today individuals, states, scientists and countries in general realize that the future of the planet earth is in dire need of safeguarding, due to the environmental massacre that is witnessed today, all in the name of economic advancement. The main elements in state economies, which lead to environmental degradation, are the by-products from industries. Industrialization is good for human survival as it positively influences the economy. However, lack of controlled industrialization is what causes environmental protection and economic profits to be at loggerheads. Today, we

Dream of red chambers (chinese culyures and history ) Coursework

Dream of red chambers (chinese culyures and history ) - Coursework ExampleChia Lans success was evident but Pao-Yus changed attitude towards studies was very laughable in nature. This was displayed in his result when he stood seventh and Chia Lan ranked one hundred and thirteenth. After the exam, Pao-Yu disappeared from the gate of the examination hall and his feeling of non-attachment from the bored duties and affairs and from all materialist attractions diminished. This became more obvious before his departure, he said to Precious Virtue Chieh-chieh, I am going now. You can wait with Tai-tai for the wide-cut tidings.And to his mother, Madame Wang he said, I shall never be able to repay Tai-tais kindness to me but I shall try my best at the Examinations and earn the degree. by chance this will make Tai-tai happy and in a way atone for my past unworthiness.Chia Cheng adhered to the teachings of Confucian canon and governed his heart following those teachings. For him the sinceri ty lies in the grief and true emotion and not in pompous and expensive ceremonies. Despite all the objections and criticisms, Chia Cheng abandoned the place of mourning and left the arrangement for the rituals on the quite a little of other people. And the impact the rituals had on the lives and minds of the subject and people around Chia Cheng can be well demonstrated from the sayings of Phoenix, Lao Tai-tai was never extravagant in her life. And also commented, I do not understand what Lao-yeh meant about the sincerity of mourning and the teachings of the sages but I know that Lao Tai-tai used to love Nai-nai and myself and was kinder to us than the rest, and that I for one will be ashamed to face her in after life if her funeral is skimped. So I implore Nai-nai to spare no expense. Lao Tai-tai provided for this herself.The success of Pao-yu and Chia Lan were also for their relation with Imperial Concubine. Emperor granted pardon to Chia Sheh and Chia Gen by restoring their titl e and property. The emperor also

Case study- Word Processing Support in a Government Agency Essay

Case study- Word Processing Support in a giving medication Agency - Essay ExampleEquipment upgrades was a viable solution, but the department received additional funding to purchase new equipment for one worker. Another mood to solve the problem was hiring new employees. The agency approved the creation of two new positions for the department, but there are governmental constraints that freeze the hiring of new employees for 6 months. It is the job of the manager to find immediate solutions to increase the productivity of its work staff.In order to increase the productivity the manager has to utilize sound homophile resource principles to instill motivation in his current staff. hoot is the most experienced worker on the staff. His production has always been averaged. Past events have contributed to Jacks lack of motivation. He feels he was passed up for management position years ago when the current manager and he were on the same life history path. This conflict needs a resolu tion in order to increase the value of Jack contribution and allow this valuable asset to achieve his potential. An preventative with a professional consoler in with the participation of Jack and the manager could help resolved this past conflict. One resolve Jack could be given a higher leadership role in the team in order to motivate Jack to produce more.Dianne is a member of the staff that is currently an overt weakness due to her being the least productive worker of the staff. Dianne is young and talented, but her work equipment is practically obsolete. Dianna youth and enthusiasm could be better utilize if she is allowed to blossom. The budget allocated for equipment should be given to Dianna. The employee with the potential to achieve a greater jump in productivity is the one that has the biggest room to operate. Being the worst actor even getting her to do average output would imply substantial productivity gains. Being that Dianna is a recent college graduate she would

IMPERIALISM, VEBLEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMPERIALISM, VEBLEN - Essay ExampleEven so, the rise of World War 1 proved otherwise, by the time Veblen was writing Absentee Ownership, which he did in 1923 capitalism had done more(prenominal) harm than good. The financial management was poor, the cost was rising and the economy was becoming less productive and less private-enterprise(a). The fruits of technology were not being realized. That is where Veblen argued that the economy or the market was organized in a way that on that point was a free lunch privileges for some people. Some group of people could seize the income without really contributing to the production process. The power and ownership of property was rewarded more than labor. At this time, the economy sought to guide the economic policies and those in power tho served their own pleases. In his entire economic hypothesis, Veblen is critical to the issue of imperialism, militarism, patriotism, nationalism, and emulative consumption. The superior economist of all time analyzes capitalism as it is reflected in the large corporations, financial institutions, imperialism, militarism and patriotism. He does this by looking at how society is divided up into the groups the unemployed class, and the rest of the population. The leisure class is there to exploit the others go the rest of the population is characterized by workmanship which is constantly rejecting leisure group resulting in a social conflict. The social conflicts exist in much society either in form of slavery, feudalism or capitalism. As a result, the society is divided into two distinct classes (Veblen 12). In modern times, they can be termed as the exploit and the industry. The industry means innovation or creation of new things while the exploit seizing other peoples work or innovation. For that reason, to maintain the status quo, and prevent war, some form of military must be in ramble to ensure that war is prevented. In addition, to ensure that the power remains only on the hand of the few patriotism exist to ensure that those who supports the status quo ar greatly rewarded. Veblen regarded patriotism as the collective expression of what he called the archaic human propensity (Veblen 165). He argued that patriotism was being used by interest of capitalism to legitimize imperialism condemned imperialism on the ground that it retarded the economic growth and it was wasteful. Emulative consumption, according to him was a personal treadmill. This means that there was no possibility of progress. in that respect was no way possible to escape the cycle. According to him, the power to rule over the society depended on the ability to control the ideologies and the emotions of the rest of the society and that was only possible to those who controlled the modes of production. Comparison of Veblens Ideas about Imperialism with Each of Hobsons, Lenins And Luxemburgs Views of Imperialism Imperialism can be defined as the highest stage of capitalism. It is a s entiment in a left theory of politics which shows the aggressive nature and characteristics of modern capitalism. The term, over the time keeps changing in meaning, from the classical Marxist theory to present day. Different scholars have different meaning of what really imperialism means. Hobson, for example, explains it as a symptom of capitalist crisis. According to him, capitalism has moved beyond its competitive stage to another high level characterized by a

Topic Selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic Selection - Assignment ExampleThe purpose of this paper is to ornament the dangers of identity theft and how to pr flusht identity theft.The purpose of this topic is to illustrate the dangers of identity theft and how to prevent it. It will provide guidelines through which one can prevent identity theft and other crimes that are usually accompanied / associated with identity theft. It may be difficult to prevent this crime completely, but there are ways to contribute to its reduction. Identity theft can go for several days or even months unnoticed. This is due to the advancing of technology and skills. Victims of identity theft can be greatly affected financially, emotionally and sometimes physically. This is because once one is able to impersonate his victim, they can do whatever they want to them. Cases of identity theft need to be dealt with to prevent this stress.Thieves have discover a way of accessing their victims emails and details which enable them to monitor their daily routine. In 2010, an article Cyber Crime Made Easy illustrated and brought out understandably how hackers used malicious software to access their victims details. There are several types of identity fraud the most common type of them is credit card fraud. This is a short term fraud as the thief will be recognized faster by the credit card issuing company even before the owner knows about it (Keene, 2009).The internet contains a wealth of information. This is because of its versatility as it is used as a tool in performing social and frugal activities. It is for this reason that the internet has been found to play a major role as a root for identity theft as hackers use it to take over their victims personal information. In the past years, the rate of online shopping has been increasing. This has made it even easier for hackers to obtain peoples personal information such as financial records, social trade protection numbers, credit card numbers and

The brand strategies which Toyota May Adopt to improve tarnished brand Essay - 1

The blemish strategies which Toyota May Adopt to improve tarnished brand image - Essay ExampleIn the end the individuals were asked about their opinions and views regarding Toyotas recall process and the reasons associated with this critical situation. According to them their perceived quality of Toyota as a brand has decreased and they are infelicitous to pay the same amount of money which Toyota is actually asking because they should be aware that their brand quality has been tarnished and needs improvement. Most of the security concerned individuals declared that they will altogether stop buying Toyotas products as they are outsourcing most of their automobile manufacturing. Hence it is evident that the higher management must throw away more effort in building up to quality and service to reposition their tarnished image in the minds of their customers. 69 Chapter 5 70 Recommendations 70 evidence 75 Appendix 90 Introduction The modern age of business can be defined as age of c ompetition. The competition within an perseverance is gradually increasing with the expansion of business as many new players are entering into the market. There are several reasons behind this intensifying competition. Firstly, globalization is one of the primary reasons for expansion of trade and business that lead to increase competition. Many business organisations have found greater opportunities in overseas market, and uncaring trade policies and agreements between multiple countries facilitated their market expansion programs. The domestic markets have turned into global markets that heightened competition rivalry among existing domestic and new international enterprises. Since last two decades, the society has been experiencing a rapid technological improvement. The technological advancements have led to change the structure of entire trade and business. The management tasks and operational process are now backed with technology like e-commerce and e-business. A better g rip of technological advancement helps a business organisation to invite an upper hand position. Finally, enhancing economic condition of consumers and increasing their disposable income have strengthened their purchasing power. This has also changed their consumer buying behaviours and they have developed their specific brand preferences (Vashisht, 2005, p.68). In the modern and warlike business world, business organisations always try to position itself in market for avoiding unnecessary competitions. In this process they aim to progress to strong competitive advantages and core competencies that enable them to gain upper hand position in the market. There are multiple ways to achieve competitive advantages however, brand development is the most preferred way for creating high business value (John R. Schermerhorn, Jr, 2010). The American selling Association (AMA) describes a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. About.com Marketing Guide further explains that the objective of branding is not just to project yourself as being better than your

Srategic analysis of an e-business application initiative Assignment

Srategic analysis of an e-business application initiative - Assignment ExampleCommerce institutes of the interchange of the products and services between groups, individuals and businesses and the doing is as an essential activity in any business. Methods in e-business enable the link of internal and external data processing system between firms waxy and efficient to work with as the partners and the suppliers communicate easily (Vaman 94). This enhances the need to satisfy the customer expectations and needs in a better way. Though the internet is public, companies run to use secure and private networks for effective and proficient administration of their core functions.Anheuser- Busch InBev brewing company is one of the largest suppliers of beer in the global market. The multinational company operates from Belgium-Brazil and its main office based in Leuven, Belgium (Grant). The company constitutes of 25% market share as it is the worlds largest brewer and owns seventeen brands that produce, individually, over one billion US dollars revenue in a year out of the two hundred portfolio in 2013. There are global brands included in the portfolio. These brands are Stella Artois, Budweiser and Corona. The internationalist brands constitute Hoegaarden, Leffe and Becks. The locally based brands include Skol, Antarctica, Bud Light, Brahma, Quilmes and Habrin (Elliott 107). Anheuser- Busch InBev Company hires over one hundred and fifty thousand people in twenty-four opposite countries. There was an interbred in 2004 where the company merged to form Am Bev thus created the world largest brewer. The company operates. Revenue of all the 200 AB InBev brands come to over forty three billion US dollars in 2013. Apart from the brewing and packaging operations, the companies participate in agricultural operations and environmental saving programs. This program promotes marketing of the company products as the

Critically evaluate John Rawls claim in political liberalism to Term Paper

Critically evaluate John Rawls claim in political liberalism to justify Justice as Fairness as a political conception - Term Paper ExampleIn liberalism, the individual, which is the moral and ethical foundation in which it is established, asserts that it is under democracy, the whole force of the community, the mortal and goods of every associate, and by means of which each, uniting with all, nevertheless obeys only himself, and remains as free as before (Rousseau 1989 bk 1 ch 6). As such, the free, rational, and self-governing individual serves as the main image of human persons. However, these attributes give rise to the question how can liberal strangers be turned into democratic citizens. In other words, how can the free and rational individual (liberal strangers) be political (become democratic citizens)? John Rawls political liberalism is one of the several approaches use in determining the joining between the individual and the state while taking into invoice the reality of pluralism and diversity of worldviews that frames the social life of the individual. In the face of this reality, one cannot maintain the stick of indifference towards the state and assert that as long as the vast terrain of social relationships and communities existing alongside the individual the state is not taken into account (Chaplin, 1994, p. 81). ... nsive views there is the possibility of shared ideals pertaining to justice, which then, enables the formulation of the canonic structure of society and the foundation for social-cooperation (Lehning, 1998). In this regard, this paper go out undertake a critical valuation of political liberalism to justify justice as fairness as a political conception. To achieve this, the paper will be shared out into eight sections. each section will be dealing with critical concepts that are essential to clarify the issue being raised in this research. The first section is the first appearance wherein the reader is introduced to the s ubject and structure of the research. This section serves as a guide as to what may be expected from the entire paper. The second part will provide a brief explication of justice as fairness. This helps in knowing Rawls conception of justice. Likewise, it serves as a platform in understanding how Rawls political liberalism justifies justice as fairness as a political conception. The third part deals with the notion of comprehensive views. This will look into the private-individual and public divide. This will advocate in clarifying the relationship between reasonable comprehensive views and the idea of conception as discussed by Rawls. The fourth segment will take a more thorough look on comprehensive views and the notion of overlapping consensus. These two doctrines are central in understanding the pluralists condition that forms the basic concern of Rawls, How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly d ivided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines (Rawls, 1993, p xxvii). The fifth segment will deal with the reasonable

Relationship Marketing Individual Assignment Essay

Relationship Marketing Individual Assignment - Essay ExampleFor many theorists, relationship merchandising appears to be a new concept, but a few others have been keen to identify that relationship selling has always existed as a decisive part of many traditional marketing theories. The main objective of adopting the relationship marketing is to ensure that an organization has a well-established and long-term relationship with its stakeholders. Most importantly, organizations focus on the most critical stakeholders who are the customers. This is because a business cannot exist without customers who are the consumers of the products and services the business provides.With the global business front becoming super competitive, there is a salient need for businesses to adopt the relationship marketing as one of the outstanding strategies of maintaining the customer loyalty. Traditional marketing theories focus on convincing customers for the first time. On the contrary, relationship m arketing intents to maintain an esteemed relationship between the customer and the business. The Starbucks Company has exhibited its commitment to using relationship marketing in an effort to develop meaningful relationships with different stakeholders. This explains why the company prides itself with a remarkable number of loyal customers. This paper will focus on describing the theoretical frameworks that define relationship marketing and how the Starbucks Company has been applying these theoretical concepts in an effort to develop meaningful relationships with stakeholders.The Starbucks Company began as a small coffee house in Seattle in 1971. However, over the decades, Starbucks Company has risen to become a giant coffee company exerting its impact across the globe. The company has veritable recognition as a leading company and has appeared in the top 100 Forbes companies several times (Angrisani 2013, p. 12). Over the years, Starbucks Company has

Implementation of STEM Education Programs in Schools Article

Implementation of kibosh Education Programs in Schools - Article ExampleImplementation in this context means an jointure of concepts from the three disciplines. In the article, the authors are of the thought that it would be tasking to effectively implement teaching and learning of these concepts without incorporating the contribution of languages, arts as well as the fond sciences (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002). The process curriculum has seen an effectual implementation of the STEM subjects in schools.The successful implementation as the authors argue, voluminous the contribution of the project team, and the design panel who were involved in revising the curriculum so as to incorporate the needs of all learners (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002). Information from all stakeholders was collected, all in an attempt to ensure lumber implementation of the STEM program. Through the process, the learners in Middle schools move over been indicated to not only explore the ideas in the concerned disciplines but also apply the ideas in various contexts (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002). This is a clear elucidation of the fact that implementation of the STEM curriculum in schools has been successful.However, it is significant to draw attention to the verity that the authors clearly punctuate that the implementation process has been faced with a myriad of challenges. Among the challenges involve the teachers need to learn novel content in the present setting (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002). Some teachers have also had a negative attitude towards implementing the STEM curriculum thus, hindering successful implementation. Authentic tests have also been a major impediment as the students progress was not consistent throughout the learning process (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002).Nonetheless, the authors appreciate the fact that classroom management has played an immense role in ensuring that STEM disciplines are implemented (Satchwell and Loepp, 2002). Schools that managed to design tests tha t

School Reformation Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

School Reformation Policies - Essay ExampleFirst of all, I would suggest smaller classes with more and highly adequate teachers for disabled students and those with special needs and backgrounds. In addition to reducing the number of students per teacher, more care and time must be afforded to these groups. This would help even the movement gap that has not been emphasized on at all, in NCLB. For example, both blacks and whites are seen to be equally improving and so the gaps are still leave unchecked. This must not be the case, and extra attention must be paid to correct this gap. Special students like the blind for instance, during examinations, must have pabulum to have questions read out to them.Secondly, I would urge for measurement of improvement and academic progress per student as opposed to the collective assessment chthonic NCLB. It is possible for schools to retain high ratings even at high achievement gaps since NCLB only measures average school performance. Achievin g 100% same-state standards by 2014 as is envisioned in the Act is unrealistic, to say the least as many variables are often involved especially in disability cases. This is a simple illusion.Carris Ghosts of No claw Left Behind (2011) further states that the NCLB Act requires only a bare minimum of standards to be met without specific attention to any further improvement beyond the set minimum. It merely groups everyone together as one and discourages any personal talent and improvement in the long run, as all students are simply to be above average. Gifted students are awfully maligned and their enhancement disregarded hence. In some states like Michigan, state funding for gifted and talented programs was veer by up to 90% in the year after the Act became law. I am also of strong opinion that cutting funds for flunk schools only serves to hinder even more, any chances they have to regroup and improve performance potential. On the contrary, it is my belief that such schools

Global Warming - Causes, Impacts, the Way Ahead Essay

Global Warming - Causes, Impacts, the Way Ahead - Essay ExampleThe effects of ball-shaped warming are already obvious as many of the impacts are adversely experienced by the common man these days. For instance, there have been worthy variations in the climatic traffic patterns all around the globe. In last couples of decades, the incidence of climatic disasters deal floods, hurricanes, landslides and droughts became more and more frequent at different part of the world. There is widespread consensus in the scientific community that driving force behind climatic changes can be attributed to 20th-century humans activities that disturbed the natural atmospheric and the ecological balance and eventually leads to climate change and globose warming. The objective of this easy is to analyses the causes and impacts of global warming.The last century industrial revolution greatly influenced global bulge temperatures by raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere an d hence changing the concentrations of aerosols and ozone layer. These changes modified the land cover of earths surface and it changed the radiative balance governing the earth on various timescales and at varying spatial scales. Various studies show that in last 100 years the sightly temperature of the air near earths surface has risen by 1.3 Fahrenheit (Venkataramanan & Smitha, 2011). The increase in temperature results various changes in the physical system of earth. For instance, it accelerates the warming of glaciers and poles ice that raises the sea level. The rise in sea level would have devastating effects as it would submerge a large number of islands like the Maldives laying at very low sea level and hence hundreds of thousands of human lives would be at risk. Also, the rise in global temperature changes the wind pattern across the globe. It would result in colder winters in Europe and more rain in West Africa. On the other hand, there would be an acute scarceness of r ain in central Africa (Venkataramanan & Smitha, 2011).

Inspirational Essay Example for Free

Inspirational EssayWe walk around in the world and we as human beings look to find fulfillment and happiness in many things such as sports, friends, and boy/girlfriends and as young people when we get rejected by these things we act like we burn downt go on with life. . But i challenge you to think about the meaning of LIFE. Well Life is a Gift of beau ideal, Abundance of receiving things. . In John 4 its speaks on living water and how Jesus uses both the physical and spiritual meaning of water when he speaks to the Samaritan Woman, He refers to the spiritual slope as living water. People in the world tend to you suicide or hurting themselves as a way out of situations but God gave us eternal life so that we may be humble servants unto him. . God never puts more on us than we can bear. . Life is master(prenominal) so we really need to know the meaning of it because it seems to be lost in todays society. .I used to be bitter and sad before i had gotten saved. . I had a huge void that needed to be filled and nothing truly could fill it. . Except GOD.

Teaching Critical Awareness Essay Example for Free

Teaching Critical Awareness EssayJane Mayer begins the article by bringing out the important commence in teaching sociology which is ensuring that the bookmans have understood the miscellaneous types of social structures and their relationship with each other and to individuals. In order to achieve the above objective, integration of various processes and acquire experiences is important. They involve an integration of both passive and active models of collective and active learning.The use of various teaching devices such as films, lecture and student seminars enhance the critical understanding because they give students more opportunities to be actively involved in the subject-matter (Jane, pp. 253). According to Jane, (pp. 253), when using critical teaching, one is supposed to bet for a way through which the problem of apathy and self-involvement in students can be overcome. This is stimulation of a critical understanding of the social structures. In the pick of tutorial framework to be used in the course it should include academic sociology, commonsense and journalism.Children should be encouraged to analyze the day to day occurrences from polar perspectives. She explains that although lecturing is important in teaching, it does not trigger critical thinking because it puts more emphasis on memorizing. Video is an affective mode of teaching when feature with audio devices. They help open sensory avenues which promote learning. Self learning also provides an opportunity for analytical skills to develop while reading and writing. Collective learning like student seminars provides a collective way of learning.This provides the students with skills necessary to deal with contemporary social issues (Jane, pp. 253). Because of the various elements in the different types of teachings, they are supposed to be combined together for one to achieve maximum results. Self-learning, passive, active and collective learning have a part to play and therefore sho uld be integrated. plant cited Jane, Mayer. Teaching critical awareness in an introductory course. Teaching sociology, vol. 14, No. 4(Oct. 1986), pp. 249-256.

It Is Hard to Possess a Sense of Belonging When We Are Unsure of Our Own Identity Essay Example for Free

It Is Hard to Possess a Sense of Belonging When We Are Unsure of Our witness Identity EssayThe journey in finding our identity and belonging crumb often be a struggle, since we ask ourselves, who am I vs. whom do others want me to be? And where do I belong? This point in our live is subjective, because we want to feel genuine in society we deny ourselves of what we in reality are. Its hard to have a sense of belonging when we ourselves are unsure of our own identity. There comes a time where our opinions and beliefs are differentiated from those virtually us, during this time some people may discover where they belong, where as many others do not. We are all different in our own ways no one is born adaptedly some may take their differences as an advantage and some take it as a disadvantage and tries to hide this smirch in ordination to fit in. Although we all live in the same world we are all different be it the shape of our eyes, the colour of our skin, the orbit we wer e born or the accent that we speak in and to others their sexuality.These are all the traits that come together and create our identity, however this differences are sometimes not accepted in the society that we live in, and the sad part is that even if we know what we really are deep inside, our society tells us otherwise. Shuffling through the sacred scripture Growing up Asian in Australia, I read a lot of stories that made me feel nostalgic, having flashbacks in my head when I first tread in Australia and the feeling of deja vu overwhelms me with emotions, while flipping through the stories I read something that caught my attention My First Kiss by Lian Low.Her story is not something I would say that I could relate to completely, She grew up in country where homosexuality is a criminal offence, and deep inside she knew she was different still her surrounding kept her from organism true to herself, becoming more womanly, I suddenly lost foot of my tomboy world she denied hersel f in order for her to blend in. She wanted to be equal with the people around her but the difference cant hide what she is I felt a foreigner whenever I open my mouth. Whenever I stave my accent betrayed my origins My attempt to blend in failed me as soon as I opened my mouth.The reason why we are all unparalleled is because we ultimately choose what does or does not impact us in a crucial or unimportant way, we have the choice to accept or deny our uniqueness but whichever we choses influences our form of distinctiveness. Everything and everyone can influence a persons identity, while some influences can be minor, some can have a major effect on our lives just like Lian Lows story after concealing and denying her sexuality she finally well-read to accept her difference after her first kiss with a girl.She erudite in writing that once became her source of comfort and used to bury herself with, paper and performance have been outlets, they have let me be myself, express myself an d explore my multiple identities Asian, woman, queer, migrant, Chinese-Malaysian-Australian. It is not solely one stage of our lives when we are confronted with an identity crisis, but a continuous challenge throughout our lives as we encounter new experience that will alter our thoughts, emotions and perspective on ourselves.We have to learn to have a go at it and accept our individuality, In order for us to feel welcomed and accepted by someone or something In fact as suggested by Maslows pecking order of needs, a psychology theory cantered on humans innate desire of fulfilment, belonging is a need that we naturally seek in order to feel loved. Whether its belonging with your friends family or surrounding, we need to embrace our individuality to know what we want, what we are, and what were not.

The benefits of mental toughness in sport

The benefits of cordial pettishness in sportABSTRACTOn the hind end of advant be ons that a psychological hardness hindquarters offer to a performer, the study was designed to develop the understanding of the comp angiotensin converting enzyments of cordial ruggedness in sport. The plan of this study was to identify the components of kind toughness as perceived by the researcher and was guided by the two questions, which are as followsWhat are the components of mental toughness andTo what degree those components of mental toughness are trainable or teachable to a particular player.10 cricket players ageing from fourteen years of age to twenty years of age were selected for the research so that they have enough experience to answer the questions in the research.The procedure of this was that the research is based on the questionnaire of mental toughness given by Sparkes in 1998. Each participant had to fill the questionnaire for the purpose of evaluating the importance and t rainability of twenty variant components of mental toughness.INTRODUCTIONCricket is one of the most popular games having a very high viewership and followers. Cricket is basically a mental game that requires a lot of psychological skills in appurtenance to basic playing skills. These skills make player a champion and unlike from ordinary player. He (champion) is able to display his psychological as well as playing skills during the course of the game. Among the various psychological skills, mental toughness is an important psychological factor that effects players performance in matches. Sometimes, cricket teams despite their talents lose their matches. The researches on these poor performance lead to the imageing that the players in these teams lack mental toughness and the ability to bounce guts from the setback of losses. There is an evident to prove it when crickets great legend Sir Vivian Richards attributed the Indian cricket teams loss in western hemisphere Indies during the cricket world cup 2007 in the first round as the lack of mental toughness in Indian players.Loehr (1986), he popularised the term mental toughness in sports performance and contested that at least half of superior performances can be due to mental toughness. Mental toughness is regarded as the most important factor in sports to achieve the goals and perform excellent.Jones, Hanton and Connaughton (2002), they stated that mental toughness can be defined as having a native or developed psychological edge that helps or enables a player to generally cope better than his opponents in many demands (competition, training) and specifically would be more(prenominal) consistent and better than the opponents in stay puting focused and determined and goal oriented in his sport. Attributes of mental toughness (Sparkes 1998), he talked about twelve diametric attributes that a player should have to be ideally mentally tough performer.For further investigation of mental toughness, the follo wing questions were developed to guide this research.What are the subjective components of mental toughness as perceived by the cricketers?To what degree are these stated components of mental toughness are trainable or teachable?On the basis of these two major criteria, the player was asked the following questionsI can bounce back from the from the set back as a result of increased finale to succeed.I have an unshakable self belief that i possess the unique qualities that make me better than my opponents.I have an insatiable desire and internalised designer to succeed.I remain fully focused on the task in hand in the face of competition- specific distractions.I am able to gain psychological control if facing uncontrollable situations.I can push back the boundaries of emotional and physical pain, while still maintaining techniques and effort in scathe in training and competition.I accept that competition anxiety is inevitable and knowing that i can cope with it.I dont get adver sely affected by others good or the bad performances.I can thrive on the pressure of competition.I remain fully focused in the face of personal life distractionsREVIEW OF LITERATUREThe present study was undertaken to explore the physiological profile of the cricket players and to find to what degree their mental toughness, goal orientation actually helps them in their performances.The result showed that there is no significant correlation between mental toughness and different types of goal orientation i.e. task orientation and ego orientation. At the same time, the motivation dimension of mental toughness was found to be significantly related to both ego and goal orientation. (Duda and Hall,2001)Moreover task orientation has been found to be positively associated with various indicators of motivation, including intrinsic motivation positive affect and the aptness to seek out the new and challenging experiences and to try hard in difficult situations. (Ntoumanis and Biddle, 1999)Th e general lack of clarity and precision surrounding the term mental toughness is unfortunate, since it ism arguably one of the most important physiological attributes in achieving performance excellence. (Jones, 2002)Another study conducted by researchers stated that mental toughness is an important physiological characteristic of the game. (Gould, 1987, 1993 and 2002) (Williams, 1998)( Jones, 2002)It appears therefore, that virtually any desirable positive psychological characteristic associated with sporting success has been labelled as mental toughness at one time or the other. (Jones,2002)METHODThis chapter will discuss the participants, procedure, analysis and instrument used in the study. This study involves both valued and qualitative measures of the components of the mental toughness of sportspersons.PARTICIPANTSThis, study consisted of 10 male cricketers from the division 3 and 2 category of cricket teams in the city. A mix of different teams and players were chosen to inc rease the diversity of the group. Each participant was needed to have a minimum of three years of playing cricket so that they can answer the questions in their knowledgeable way.INSTRUMENTATIONThe instrument used in this study is the questionnaire comprised of twenty questions of mental toughness. These twenty questions comprised of twelve different components of mental toughness and eight components of preservance that were given by Sparkes in 1998.Each component was assessed by participants based on their perception ofThe importance of including each component in the wee of mental toughness. The degree to which each component is trainable.The participants assessed both the importance and the degree to which the component is trainable, using a 5 point scale. Besides this two superfluous questions were also asked which are as followsAre there other components of mental toughness that should be included which are not there in the questionnaire?Do you believe that there is any comp onent that could be combined to form an individual, essential component of mental toughness?PROCEDUREWhen the questionnaire of mental toughness (Sparkes,1998) was choose by the researcher, he then approached 10 different cricketers and asked them to fill up the questionnaire. Researcher also made sure that the identity of the players will be unbroken confidential i.e. it would not be disclosed to anyone. Researcher sat down with the players and asked them the questions and marked the answers himself.1

Causes of PSE and DFD Meats and Treatments

Causes of PSE and DFD Meats and TreatmentsWhat is PSE DFD eye? The full terms blench, soft and exudative PSE and dark, firm and dry DFD describe two undesired quality characteristics that throne be exhibited in the meat from to the nobleest degree species of meat producing animals. However the PSE condition is predominantly found in pigs whilst the DFD condition occurs across all species. Within this essay the incidence rates of both PSE /DFD, the abortifacient factors, consequences and commercial factors as well as streak shall be considered. Pictures of the two conditions can be seen in fig 1.These undesirable conditions be very definitive when considering both functional and specified meat quality. They atomic number 18 significant factors that contri bute to the economic, social and environmental well macrocosm of the entire sector and encompass wide ranging issues alter meat production, profits, yields, animal welfare considerations, passageing, customer perception , consumption, food safety, spoilage, idle and levels of carbon dioxide production.Both conditions yarn-dye the colour of meat, as it can be considered abnormally pale or dark relative to what is considered normal. Colour is one of the major discriminatory factors in a buyers selection, excessively pale or dark meat is unconvincing to be purchased. The texture of the meat with PSE and DFD is also affected detrimentally leaders to unacceptable levels of softness or firmness. Undesired changes in weewee holding cognitive content of the meat occur, leading to problems in processing and the commercial yields of products, as well as detrimental essenceuate on the sensory attributes of meat such as juiciness or succulence. There is thought to be a link between DFD and a lack of flavour in a cooked product. The development of both PSE and DFD meat can be associated with earlier development of rigormortis1.Products whitethorn subjectively exhibit one or more of the descriptive char acteristics e.g. too pale or too dark, too soft or too firm, too exudative or too dry relative to the characteristics of normal meat. Normal acidification of muscles after an animal is slaughtered occurs by means of glycolysis. Glycogen and creatine phosphate are depleted. Glycogen conversion to lactic acid is described here.C6H10O5 +H2O2C3H6O3There is no oxygen for aerobic metabolous processes to occur. The circulatory system can no longer remove lactic acid and it accumulates within the muscle. The abnormal conditions of PSE and DFD are linked to abnormally spirited or low acidity, thus the pH value of the meat can be used to more aimly describe the conditions at different times after slaughter (table 1). However these values can be different in different muscles within a carcass and different packaging methods may affect pH values. Accurate pH recordings are also particularly heavy with various methods having various problems such as lack of homogeneity of try out, fat smear ing, dilution of sample etc.Using objective indices of PSE and DFD tends to produce higher estimates of the prevalence of the conditions in a population than using subjective assessment.2Subjective methods of gauging DFD / PSE using people may be little sensitive. People may only be able to judge the extremes of the conditions.There appears to be an increase in the levels of incidence of PSE and DFD. Within the linked Kingdom one quarter of pigs may show evidence of PSE and one tenth DFD. The cost of PSE to the American pork industry was estimated at 30 one thousand million dollars in 1992, that of DFD pork 0.2 million dollars3estimated at 16% and 10% of total United States production respectively. This gives an indication of the economic significance of the problems.The levels of animal starch available in the muscle prior to slaughter will determine the ultimate pH. These levels can be changed through stress, theses stresses prior to slaughter are the main factors involved in causing the PSE and DFD conditions. Although there are genetic, muscle composition and processing factors that can be instrumental, these shall be discussed later and these ultimately link to abnormalities in post mortem acidification of the muscles anyway, the effects of long term and short term stress shall be considered now. It is well known that the handling of meat animals prior to slaughter is not only principal(prenominal) from a welfare point of view but also affects the quality of the resulting meat4. It has also been known for many years that hunted animals keep less well than those kept in relative calm conditions.With PSE the cause appears to be clear-sighted (or short term) stress to the animal prior to slaughter. This acute stress leads to fast acidification as glycogen breaks down quickly after slaughter to give lactic acid, resulting in a low ultimate pH. If carcass temperatures are high e.g. within deep muscle regions of the carcass, or rates of cooling are not r apid enough, conditions can develop that allow denaturing of the proteins within these muscles. The muscles are characterised by having lower water holding capacity collectable to the myofibrillar components of the muscles shrinking. This expels fluids into the space between the muscle fibres. When cut the meat will exude or lose this fluid, this is called drip. spendthrift drip represents a loss in total yield but is also unsightly in shelf ready packaging and less apparent to be purchased by a potential consumer.The paler appearance of PSE meat is likely due to the different refractive index of the myofibrils and the sarcoplasm. The reduction in the size of the myofilament wicket increases the light reflected from the meat, less light is absorbed by the meat, more is reflected and crucially blood pigments like myoglobin absorb less green light making the meat look more yellow as opposed to red. Also the low ultimate pH promotes oxidation of myoglobin and oxyglobin to metmyoglo bin which makes the meat appear browner rather than red or purple. Again this discoloration makes the product less likely to be purchased at point of saleDFD is caused by chronic (or long term) stress to the animal. Glycogen levels are depleted prior to death, meaning that less glycogen is converted to lactic acid after slaughter and the ultimate pH of the meat remains high. beingness closer to pH neutral there are significant issues with potential spoilage organisms and food borne pathogens as well as the quality issues discussed here. With a high ultimate pH there is less denaturing of the proteins leading to increased binding of the fluids and less exudates or drip giving a firm dry appearance.The wicket gate of myofilaments which shrank in the case of PSE does not in the case of DFD. This means that the affects of the refractive index differences of the myofibrils and sarcoplasm are tamed. More light is absorbed with less reflected leading to a darker colour. The tightly pack ed structure with less extracellular space between the fibres means that less oxidation of the myoglobin can occur, surface oxidation only may occur as oxygen cannot permeate the structure, this leads to a thin translucent / red outside layer with the reduced purple myoglobin pigment predominantly demonstrate through from underneath this thin layer.The stress factors to consider are many fold but are worth at this stage categorising as acute and chronic in terms fear, pain and physical stress and their potential affect on the PSE DFD conditions. These might allow in noise, temperature variations, fasting or starvation, overcrowding or being put with animals of different social groups. Practical causes of short term stress might include reaction to goading, striking, restraining systems or conveyors, long term stressors associated with DFD might include long transport journeys and being candid to other social groups of animals for periods of time. Young Bulls and veal calves have been linked to higher incident rates of DFD perhaps due to storage conditions and their fractious nature when exposed to other social groups, respectively. Different species are known to show different sensitivities to different stress factors, for example sheep are known to be less sensitive to noise than pigs.With pigs in particular there appears to be a genetic link to them being susceptible to stress, this is sometimes known as porcine stress syndrome. It exists as a double recessive gene that when apparent as an abnormal homozygote can be exposed and witnessed as a reaction to Halothane. Typically pigs with this double recessive gene react by becoming rigid and tense as opposed to the commonplace symptoms of anaesthesia through halothane In pigs with this mutation, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum at a rate that is equivalent to twice that of normal5Glycogen conversion to lactic acid happens such(prenominal) more readily and there are higher incidence of PSE a mongst this genetic grouping. Measures to breed this characteristic out of pigs have been tried, it is thought that selective do for stay and fat level may have brought about this genetic mutation. The Halothane test does not work on the heterozygote parent and DNA tests are required to find parents with the mutation to try and breed this sensitivity out.Another gene has been identified in certain strains of the Hampshire breed of pigs, known as the RN- gene. It is thought that this mutation increases the glycogen content of the white muscles that contain a higher number of glycolytic fibres, again resulting in post mortem rapid acidification leading to a lower pHu upon death leading to the PSE condition.There are other breed effects which can be demonstrated by a comparative study undertaken (Table 2) where traditional breeds were compared against novel commercially important breeds and an extreme of muscularity, this also seems to demonstrate a correlation between lighter more exudative muscles in those bred for confirmation or muscularity. In the search for modern breeds of the desired confirmation, stress susceptibility may have also been bred in.Even within the defined subjective and objective norms there are variations of colour, texture, pH and water holding capacity within different muscles of the carcasses of all species. The muscles affected by a particular stressor may be specific to a region of the general anatomy rather than throughout the entire carcass. A particularly undesirable effect can be seen in the two tone appearance of meat, where the PSE, DFD and normal conditions can be exhibited in the extreme within a single carcass. An animal that is susceptible to PSE may exhibit DFD characteristics in those muscles that have been subject to long term stressors and thus have glycogen depletion prior to death. However some of the other muscles e.g. m. longissimus dorsi, within the same pig that are less likely to have glycogen depletion may ex hibit the PSE condition. Processing methods can also have an effect, carcass cooling regimes that dont achieve deep muscle temperatures that are cold enough or at the wrong cooling rates can contribute to the conditions required to denature the proteins and exhibit the PSE condition. Howard and Lawrie (1956) found that the rate of pH fall post mortem was inversely proportional to the tenderness of the meat on subsequent cooking6Animal handling systems, shearing washing, crushing etc will have a direct effect on the levels of glycogen within the muscle systems and so ultimately the levels of PSE DFD occurring.Being able to measure stress indicators and indices of PSE DFD is critical if there is to be an understanding of the prevention of stress and therefore a reduction in the incidence of PSE and DFD in meat. Measurements of the level blood lactic acid, levels of creatine kinase and the electric characteristics of pork through electrical impedance can give good objective indicators . Levels of cortisol, creatine kinase, pH and colour characteristics measured through online light reflectance spectrophotometrey can give objective PSE DFD measurements. Signs of stress in the animals can give ante mortem indications. These might be obvious in the case of fallen or injured stock but may also include levels of vocalisation, mounting, biting etc as less obvious indicators.Identifying an reducing these conditions is the key in improve functional and specified meat quality, near of the work undertaken to reduce the levels of PSE and DFD is involved in improving welfare conditions of animals in the short and longer term leading up to slaughter. It is a difficult process to reduce stressors, even with very careful handling the animals are subject to a degree of stress. Keeping handling to a minimum is the ideal situation, cautiously controlling transport, design of transport to prevent loading and unloading stress, training and certification schemes to improve the skil ls and knowledge of animal handlers. With pigs it would be better to avoid breeding the susceptible genotypes although as seen there appears to be a direct correlation between improved confirmation and musculature and the stress susceptibility mutation. Keeping animals, particularly young bulls in their own social groups would seem to be a logical preventative measure but can be very difficult to achieve.Physical measures like cooling pigs with water sprays and covering the pens of young bulls may help stop such stress behaviour as fighting and mounting, adding supplements to unravel and watering systems prior to slaughter in order to try and replenish glycogen levels may be one way in order to reduce the number of incidence of PSE , DFD as may using tranquilisers and muscle relaxants, however there are issues of potential residues in meat as well as negatively effecting the quality expectations of the consumer by treating an animal in this way.In conclusion to reduce the levels o f PSE DFD in meat of all species a combined approach of improving welfare conditions, reducing fear, physical stress and pain, training and education staff, as well as online monitoring and feedback to key stakeholders is required. Carcass cooling rates should be closely controlled. There is a need to develop new methods of objective measurement, both as soon as possible after slaughter and at point of sale, emerging technologies such as near infra red spectrophotometrey, nuclear magnetic resonance, developments in immunoassay techniques and genetic markers may help us identify and prevent the causes of PSE and DFD. Linking the relationship of animal welfare and profit is very important, Traditionally it has been thought that increasing welfare means increasing costs, for example in stocking densities of transport. In seeing that increasing welfare conditions could actually be a profitable activity, aiding reduced quality complaints, increased yields, better sales and less waste the re is an opportunity to have large positive impact on the well being of the whole meat sector. there are few, if any, figures comparing the boilersuit economics of these alternatives. However it seems the net effect of greater care could often be greater profitability7.