Against campital punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Against campital punishment - Research Paper Example The death penalty is a matter of dynamic discussion in different nations and states, and positions can shift inside a solitary political belief system or social district. Rivals of the death penalty contend that not all individuals influenced by homicide covet a capital punishment, that execution victimizes minorities and poor people, and that it supports a "society of brutality" and that it abuses human rights. Capital punishment is substantially more extravagant than existence without the chance for further appeal because the Constitution obliges a long and complex legal procedure for capital cases. This methodology requires to keep in mind the end goal to guarantee that guiltless men and lady are not executed for law violations they did not confer, and even with these assurances, the danger of executing a blameless individual cannot be totally killed (Shepherd, 283-300). In the event that capital punishment was supplanted with a sentence of life without the possibility of Parole, which costs millions less furthermore guarantees that general society is secured while taking out the danger of an irreversible slip-up, the cash spared could be used on projects that really enhance the groups in which we live. The a great many dollars in investment funds could be used in education, streets, cops and open security programs, after-school projects, medication and liquor treatment, youngster misuse aversion programs, mental wellbeing administrations, and administrations for wrongdoing exploited people and their families (Shepherd 301-321). The vast majority who support capital punishment trust it is more practical than life in jail. Maybe at one time, when executions were quick and beyond any doubt, this may have been the situation. Ellsworth and Samuel (19-22) specified that the vast majority proficient about the subject would concur that the deferral now incorporated with the framework, more

Support Children At Meal Time Essay Example for Free

Support Children At Meal Time Essay 1.1 Outline the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet for children and young people. Energy enables children to concentrate, learn and play at school. Starchy carbohydrates should provide the main source of energy in the diet. Sources of carbohydrates are Breads of all types, rice, pasta, noodles, potatoes, yam, oats, cassava, couscous, breakfast cereals, wheat grains like bulgar wheat, lentils, red kidney beans and black eyed beans. Good practice Whole grain varieties of bread and cereal are best as they are good sources of fibre. Non-milk extrinsic (NME) sugars Diets low in NME sugars will help to prevent tooth decay. Sources are Table sugar, jam, honey, sweetened drinks, cakes, pastries, ice cream, sweets, biscuits, confectionary and chocolate. Good practice Use less sugar in recipes, serve fruit-based or dairy-based desserts instead of cakes and biscuits which often contain lots of added sugar. Restrict access to sugar to be added to hot drinks. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those products lower in sugar. 4 Fat Lower fat intake can prevent weight gain. Sources of high fat are Butter, lard, margarine, fat spreads, oils or dressings such as mayonnaise. Chips and other deep fried food, potato waffles, garlic bread, pastries, cakes, biscuits, creamy puddings, meat or meat products such as pastries. Good practice Grill and bake food instead of frying. When making sandwiches, try not using any butter or spread if the filling is moist enough, if using fat spread, choose a reduced fat variety and spread thinly. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those products lower in fat. Saturated fat A diet low in saturated fat can prevent high cholesterol and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. Sources of saturated fats are Butter, lard, cream, coconut oil or cream, palm oil, mayonnaise, salad cream and some margarines. Meat products such as pie’s, burgers and sausages. Also hard cheese’s such as cheddar. Cakes and biscuit’ s. Good practice Choose lower fat dairy products- Skimmed or semi skimmed milk, low fat yoghurt and reduced fat cheese. Choose lean cuts of red meat and remove the skin from chicken. For cooking use an unsaturated vegetable oil such as rapeseed oil or olive oil. Avoid adding butter or oil to food (e.g. vegetables) after cooking. When choosing prepared products check the label and choose those lower in saturated fat: FSA guidance on labelling states that 5g or more saturated fat per 100g is  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhigh’ and 1.5g or less 100g is ‘low’. Protein is important for growth and repair of body tissues and muscles. Pupils are growing fast so protein is particularly important to them. Sources of protein include Meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs, yoghurt, nuts and seeds, kidney beans, lentils, meat alternatives (e.g. tofu, chickpeas and cereals) These food items can be incorporated into dishes such as chicken and vegetable jambalaya, chickpea and cauliflower curry, salmon sandwiches, cauliflower cheese, nut roast, chicken casserole, omelette with ham and cheese. Good practice Including plant protein as well as animal protein on your menu will ensure that pupils are eating protein from a variety of sources. Vegetarian pupils should have adequate protein intake if they eat cereals, beans and lentils, soya products, eggs, milk and dairy products. For vegan or lactose intolerant pupils, soya, oat or rice drinks provide an alternative to milk. Be aware of nut allergies. Fibre assists bowel function and prevents problems like constipation. Sources of fibre are Brown rice, oats, wholegrain cereals, muesli, potatoes with skins, wholemeal bread, buglar wheat, lentils, chickpeas, red kidney beans, fruit and vegetables. These food items can be incorporated into dishes, such as vegetable and lentil bake, chilli con carne served with brown rice, jacket potato with beans and fruit salad. Good practice Choose wholegrain, wholemeal or brown varieties where possible. If children reject wholemeal varieties, use combinations of wholemeal and white varieties to encourage consumption. Leave skins on potatoes and add pulses and vegetables to stews and pies to add fibre. Sodium is a component of salt. Salt is needed to maintain fluid balance in the body and for nerve and muscle function. Most salt consumed is contained within processed food. Low salt can decrease the onset of high blood pressure, which may lead to conditions such as stroke, heart disease and kidney problems. Sources of sodium are Ready-made soups, sauces, gravy, processed food, some breakfast cereals, salty snacks (crisps and salted nuts), bacon, ham, sausages, pizza, cheese and condiments. Good practice Limit the amount of salt added during cooking and instead flavour with herbs and spices. Cook meals from raw ingredients rather than using manufactured products high in salt. When choosing prepared products, check the label and choose those lower in salt. FSA guidance on labelling states that 1.5g or more salt (0.6g sodium) per 100g is ‘high’ and 0.3g or less of salt (0.1g sodium) per 100g is ‘low’.  Vitamin A is important for growth and tissue repair, good eyesight and immune system. Sources of vitamin A are as follows oily fish, eggs, liver, cheese, butter, milk, yellow, red and orange coloured fruits and vegetables. Such as carrots, peppers, apricots, oranges, papaya, mango, butternut squash, sweet potato, tomatoes and dark green leafy vegetables. Good practice Serve a variety of fruit and vegetables. These food items can be incorporated into dishes like salmon fishcakes, baked sweet potato wedges, red pepper and tomato omelette, carrot and coriander soup and fruit salad. Yellow, orange and red coloured fruits and vegetables contain the most vitamin A. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which may help to protect the body from infections and illnesses. Vitamin C is needed for wound healing and the structure of blood vessels and skin vitamin c enhances iron absorption. Fruits contain vitamin c, especially citrus fruits such as oranges, limes, grapefruit, berries, kiwi fruits. Vegetables (including frozen) , especially broccoli, green and red peppers, sweet potatoes and potatoes. These food items can be incorporated into dishes, like jacket potato with salad, lemon chicken, berry smoothies, fruit salad, mixed vegetable hot pot and casserole. Good practice Raw fruit and vegetables contain the most vitamin c. Vitamin c may be lost during preparation and cooking, so prepare and cook food as close to lunch time as possible. Steam vegetables to minimise vitamin losses or cook them in a minimum volume of water. Folate is essential for blood cells and the nervous system, and prevents anaemia. Sources are liver, yeast and orange juice, green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, green beans, beetroot, chickpeas, black-eye beans, broccoli and pe as. Breakfast cereals are often fortified with folate. These can be made into dishes like pea and ham soup or spinach and potato curry. Good practice Folate may be lost during the cooking process so prepare and cook foods as close to lunch time as possible, steam vegetables to minimise loss of vitamins. Calcium Is essential for strong teeth and bones, and for muscle and nerve function as well as blood clotting. A diet containing enough calcium will decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis or brittle bones later in life. Sources are milk, cheese, yogurt and canned fish with bones (salmon, pilchards and tuna), broccoli, cabbage, dried fruits, tofu, red kidney beans, chick peas and soya beans. White and brown breads are fortified with calcium. Dishes can be made such as cheese, potato and salmon  quiche, rice pudding and custard made with milk. Good practice for people who do not drink milk, choose soya, oat, or rice drinks enriched with calcium. Use lower fat dairy products; they contain as much calcium as their full fat equivalents. Iron is needed for production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Iron also plays an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Iron is especially important for teenage girls. Iron deficiency in pupils may be linked to slower intellectual development and poor behaviour in the longer term. Sources are red meat, offal (especially liver and kidney), canned fish, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, peas, wholegrain (e.g. brown rice), nuts, seeds, red kidney beans, black-eye beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried apricots and raisins. These foods can be incorporated into dishes, for example lamb casserole, houmous, spaghetti bolognaise, Sheppard’s pie, mixed bean wrap and dried fruit compote. Breakfast cereals are often fortified with iron. Good practice Iron from animal sources is more easily absorbed by the body than plant sources, but plant sources are more important because they provide most of the iron in the diet. Consuming food high in vitamin c at the same time as food containing iron enhances iron absorption. Vegetarian dishes should regularly include a variety of lentils and peas, eggs, dark green and leafy vegetables. Zinc is used by the body for growth and tissue repair, wound healing and the immune system. Sources include red meat, offal (especially liver and kidney), eggs, fish, milk and other dairy products, cereals, red kidney beans, soya products, lentils and chickpeas. These food items can be incorporated into dishes such as cottage pie, roast pork or beef, lentil bake, brown rice and vegetarian bolognaise using soya mince. Good practice vegetarian dishes should regularly include whole grain cereals, kidney beans, eggs and milk,

Michael Jackson :: essays research papers

Michael Jackson is one of my favorite singers. He is very famous, so most of all people in the world know him, at least his name. I began to listen to his songs because I was recommended them by my friend, and I was really attracted by them. I have two reasons why I like him. One of my reasons is that I like his voice and performance as well as his songs, as both "Michael Jackson" and "Jackson Five". Michael Jackson sings songs very well in his particular high-pitched tone as it can be proved by the big hits of his songs, for example, "THRILLER", " BILLIE JEAN" and "MOTOWN 25" etc, and by the many prizes he got, for instance, the first prize of male pop vocalists, of records and of R&B singers on Grammy in 1984. Besides, he entertains us with his sharp dance great performance like " moonwalk". When I listen to his songs in the morning before I go out, I can feel cheerful and powerful. I am a fan of Jackson Five as well. Before he began to sing by himself, he was the main vocalist of Jackson Five. When Michael was eleven years old, their first single CD, "I Want You Back", was released, and it was a very big hit all over the world. Michael was still little and cute, but his voice was very vigorous and rhythmical. His songs make me happy and energetic. Another reasons why I like him is that I am interested in his behaviors. There are always some topics around him. For example, he was under suspicion he treated a little boy cruelly, who was ten years old and Michael's best friend. Michael insisted on his innocence, but he paid 26 million dollars for reconciliation finally. Though he asserted he paid just to settle the commotion, people said he admitted he was guilty. Moreover, it is said that Michael has the longing to be a white, though he said in a TV program he suffered from the disease that pigment in his skin decolorized. When I saw these news, I considered the problems about child-abuse and human race. How does child-abuse hurt the child's heart? His or her hurt will not disappear forever. Which human race is inferior or superior?

Recover from Drug Addiction: Process vs Event Essay

Picking up the broken pieces of a life filled with insanity and drug abuse, is no overnight task. I’m not just talking of the heroin addict in the 1960s. Recovery from addiction takes constant specialized care. Through intensive work, the addiction can be arrested. The process starts with the person admitting they have a problem. This is the first step to begin to recover. Most importantly, continued involvement with self- help groups is essential. These actions are only a beginning of a life- long journey. Pain medications prescribed by doctors is adding to a problem that already exists. Cares, Council on Addiction Recovery and Educational Services , is aware of the ongoing problem. Potent opiate based pills, derived from the poppy plant, are highly addicting. Hydrocodone, Oxycodone and Lora Tab all contain opiates. The three mentioned are more addicting, readily available than other street drugs (heroin, cocaine, marijuana, methafedimine or hallucigens. ) After listening to many of these addicts in the rooms of NA (Narcotics Anonymous) I’ve gained a better understanding of the extensive problem that exists. My drug of choices were Alcohol, marijuana, ocaine and hallucigens. The society we live in today has more of a variety of mood changing and mind altering chemicals. ( ecstasy, crack cocaine, angel dust, formaldehyde, etc. ) Our youth and our elderly are at risk of being controlled by the stereotypes of taking these highly toxic chemicals as treatment. There is a false sense of security being influenced so the pharmaceutical companies and their stock holders can get rich. Preservation of life has fallen short for greed, personal status and the attitude of irrational beliefs. The damage being done will take years for those so reliant on a pill to overcome. The average recovering addict is not only the old school heroin junkies but school teachers; teenagers, elderly, professionals, businessman and pillars of our communities. Most importantly this epidemic has affected religious sectors of our cities, towns and villages throughout the world. I don’t know how many times I’ve browsed through the newspaper or watched television and seen skits on priests, pastors and ministers caught in active addiction. Recovery is an ongoing process, we don’t graduate from treatment. The best known treatment for chemical dependency has been proven to work in the rooms of NA; through the 12 steps, the fellowship and service work. Some of us who have been guided by a greater consciousness by our groups are fortunate. Many addicts never find NA or shrug off the help when presented, as a result end up in jails, institutions, dereliction and death. NA is recovery in action, focusing on treating the disease of addiction. Those affiliated with NA; that have recovered from a hopeless state of mind nd body, have a singleness of purpose, to carry the message to addict who still suffers. Throughout all continents; many families, friends, relatives are uneducated, misinformed on how insidious this disease is and how true recovery works. Recovery is a journey not a 30 day rehab and you’re cured. Rehabs only give the addict time to dry out in a drug-free safe environment, keep drugs out of reach and some basic information on what action to take upon leaving. The real treatment begins with continued participation in a support group such as NA. The saying in NA is â€Å"you never have to be lone again†. The work within the 12 steps of NA is what treats the disease of addiction. Honesty, Acceptance, forgiveness, humility, and responsibility are the stepping stones to designing a new life. The new lifestyle you developed while working through the 12 steps and applying them in your life brings freedom from active addiction. Addicts will always have the disease of addiction, they say in NA â€Å"you can’t change a pickle back into a cucumber†. The action taken in the 12 steps creates new Attitudes. Whereas the addict obtains the skills and knowledge to become a productive member of ociety. All these facts can be found in the Basic Text of NA, and are the basis of recovery. The statements in the preceding paragraphs are facts based on experience. There is nothing more powerful than the experience of the predecessors in NA, other than god himself. As one addict helping another is without parallel, we do recover. NA as a whole is guided by a god consciousness . Unity between groups holds the program together. With the 12 Steps, the 12 Traditions at the center. The Traditions are the ties that bind us together, it is only through understanding and application they work. They are the principles that keep our fellowship alive and free. The guidelines written within the Traditions help the members of NA grow spiritually. Addiction is such a cunning enemy of life that we alone have lost the power to do anything about it, without help from each other it would be too much for us. Narcotics Anonymous has websites with information about meetings established in every country worldwide. Getting involved with service within the fellowship will give the addict tools to help stay clean as well as people skills to be productive in society. For many addicts addiction leads into isolation, so as not to be discovered or arrested. Service offers more than just a life without using drugs, it offers a new path to freedom and a sense of belonging. The positions that NA offers doesn’t stop at the group level, service continues into Area, Regional and World Service (Chairperson, Vice Chair, RCM, Literature, Treasurer, NA Hotline-Phone, Delegates and Alternates. ) The World Service board controls the printing of books, literature, key tags and many other services needed to keep NA functioning in a Productive anonymous manner. I know a few people in the area I live in who have been all over the world speaking at conventions which was paid for by World Services. They have experienced the unlimited growth that NA has to offer. They told me it was the most invigorating chance to carry the message of hope into another addict’s life. There are members I know that have 30 plus years in recovery that say there is always something new to learn. The journey in NA has no boundaries and is open to any man or woman who seeks it. Recovery from active addiction is a process not an event.

Technology and Ethics

While there is a robust debate in American society over the relation between technology and such ethical issues as democracy, localism and the environment, the introduction of technologies admits of no debate. Jerry Mander writes, â€Å"It is a melancholy fact that in our society the first waves of descriptions about new technologies invariably come from the corporations and scientists who invent and market these technologies and who have much to gain by our accepting a positive view† (Mander, 1996, 345). This is a central point: the basic issue is that the introduction of new technologies is far removed from any real democratic discussion. Such discussion always occurs in a sterile environment, always after the fact.For example, the development and mass production of the automobile was hailed almost universally as a revolutionary development. It was supposed to provide freedom of movement and make our world smaller. Such slogans also met the development of air travel, televis ion and the internet. Such things were accepted in society almost without discussion, save for a few marginalized traditionalists and agrarians who were speaking into the wind. Nevertheless, the automobile has recreated the American landscape, demanded thousands of miles of paved roads, brought civilization to small towns whether they wanted it or not, killed many millions in traffic accidents worldwide, massively increased the dependence on oil and created a massive oligarchy of corporate capital who benefits from all this.It [industrialism] also led, and leads. . . to social and political consequences: the squeezing of farm populations and the uncontrollable growth of cities, the evisceration of self-reliant communities, the enlargement of central governments, the enthronement of science as ruling ideology, a wide and increasing gap between rich and poor, and ruling values of profit, growth, property, and consumption. (Sale, 1996)Now, the general point is had all of this been know n (or theorized) in 1920, and a national discussion had taken place, would we have the mass production of automobiles?Has it, ultimately, been a good thing? Often, the common response is that â€Å"you can’t stop progress.† Such a slogan is saturated with cynicism and amorality, as if technologies were some seismic phenomenon as natural as photosynthesis. Progress is something that is, as Mander says, dictated by a handful of major corporate and government agencies who decide what shape progress will take.In addition, Mander also holds that technologies, such as nuclear power and air travel, are inherently biased politically. He writes, â€Å"To build and operate nuclear power plants requires a large, highly technical and very well-financed infrastructure. . . It can only be done by huge, centralized institutions. Without such institutions, nuclear power could not exist† (Mander, 2006, 347). Mander sees the same problems in the development of the internet.Such s peed in communications and access to information does little but assist the continued centralization of political and economic power. â€Å"In fact, it is my opinion that computer technology may be the single most important instrument ever invented for the acceleration of centralized power. While we sit at our PCs. . . .transnational corporations are using their global networks, fed by far greater resources. . . .they operate on a scale and at a speed that makes our own level of cyber-empowerment seem pathetic by comparison† (Mander, 2006, 355).Even more, such global interconnectedness, long lauded as a path to freedom and unity, brings instead, cultural leveling and a destruction of diversity. The computer revolution is a revolution that permits a handful of major cultural centers such as Hollywood to impose their view of the world into every corner of the world, and the results of this are just beginning to be seen. The issue of Hollywood and New York imposing its view of t he world to the plant is a given: the facts speak for themselves. But one then must grapple with the issue of whether or not this is a good thing? What gives Hollywood the right?The general point is that the mega-technologies have brought the world closer together and sped up the speed at which we receive information. But what are the concrete results? Could any of these results have been foreseen in the late 1970s when this technology was being developed? And if not, what does this say about democratic governance? After all, computers and automobiles have revolutionized our society with far more direct results than who gets elected president. But again, there is no democratic control over these intimate invasions of our lives and the technologies themselves not only assume centralized control, but provide the agencies of centralization with greater and greater resources.Mander’s thesis is that technology is already biased in terms of centralization and statism. In other word s, the technological revolution, which clothed itself in the mantle of freedom and progress, in fact needs a huge centralized apparatus of physical, technical, educational, political and economic forms. The technologies that have revolutionized our society have both created and in fact, assumed the existence of a radically altered landscape that touches every element of human life.The technical apparatus that must be in place to electrify an entire continent must be huge, not to mention the standing armies that must be in place to defend the corridors of energy transmission such as oil pipelines. Technology is political, and most certainly, is not isolated from the remainder of life. Technology has, in the20th century â€Å"second industrial revolution,† touched every aspect of human life without a vote taken.All technologies have consequences, inevitable and built in, and imperatives, just as inevitable, essentially separate from human dictates and desires. Norbert Wiener, t he mathematician who was the founder of modern cybernetics, has written about â€Å"technical determinants† dictated by â€Å"the very nature† of machines, and of the steam engine he noted that it automatically leads to large and ever larger scales because it can power so many separate machines at once, to ever increasing production because it must pay back its high investment and operating costs, and to centralization and specialization because factors of efficiency and economy supersede those of, say, craftsmanship or esthetic expression. (Sale, 1996).Nevertheless, there can be no discussion of these topics without that of ideology. Technology does have its own ideology, and it needs to be â€Å"unpacked.† One might summarize this point of view this way: First, that technology has its own trajectory that is independent of the will of mankind. This can be challenged by the simple fact that all technological innovations of recent memory have been developed in a corporate setting under corporate rules for profit. Men have financed and created these things. But they have not financed or created these things blindly, as part of some â€Å"natural and inevitable process.† They have been created according to a scheme of thought.Second, this scheme of thought is that happiness is a matter of technological progress and the accumulation of capital. In other words, the person that has the better car, high tech stereos and I-Pods, must, in general, be happier than one that does not, or has older, outdated equipment. Yet, there is no evidence for this, one would have a tough time pointing to research that says people are happier or less stressed now than they were 1,000 years ago.Third,   the â€Å"market† is in control over whether or not technology is accepted and hence, democratically justifiable is often heard. In other words, the â€Å"democracy† problem is solved by the market itself. If new technologies are invented and marketed, people can choose to buy or not to buy. But is it that simple? One who buys the latest inventions is progressive, while the other is regressive. To have an 8-track player in one’s car is an occasion for mockery, regardless of the satisfaction one gets from having such â€Å"vintage† equipment. Advertising and marketing campaigns are not projected to one’s reason, but to one’s base passions, to be considered acceptable, lovable and intelligent, rather than boorish and ignorant. The acceptance or rejection of technology also partakes of these components as well.I think that in general, these arguments are universally seen as undergirding and justifying the immense power of technology in modern societies, and in fact, even defining what â€Å"modern† actually is. While technology is taken for granted, the beginnings of a serious discussion can only begin when the basic assumptions of a technological life are unpacked. What are the assumption s and promises, and to what extent has the high-tech society succeeded in meeting these expectations? It might be unreflectively held that people who lived 1,000 years ago were uniformly miserable and ignorant, yet serious research into that field has succeeded in smashing that silly myth, but it still remains the domain of eccentric specialists.Yet such a view undergirds much discussion on the question of technology and its role in society. Technology and its thought-apparatus have succeeded even in rewriting history to suit itself: people were miserable and ignorant up until the 19th century. It is difficult to see how the high-tech society can justify itself in any other way. But the nature of any â€Å"discussion† must have teeth. In other words, it must be attached to the ability of communities and families to break away from the grid and being living different, wholesome lives. Sterile academic â€Å"discussions† do nothing but justify faculty salaries. Such talk must have a revolutionary purpose, to shift the movement of progress as Bookchin sees it: from technological gigantism to miniaturism, starting with the means by which the machines are powered.Given the above arguments, Kirkpatrick Sale has written substantially on the rebellion, both historical and modern, of the land versus the machine, the ultimate bi-modality in this discussion. His argument nicely dovetails with Mander in many respects. The first question is the difference between technology and a system of production. Mander holds that there is no difference, that machinery depends on a huge, centralized system of life and thought, the â€Å"bureaucratic man.† On the other hand, Sale holds that the real revolution was in the development of the steam engine.For him, this was the first time that an invention came into existence completely independent of nature, rather than actually using it. Just as importantly, this invention also made the quantum jump from the world of local machines to an entire system of production and life. Steam created the modern factory and its discipline that derive from it (Sale, 1996). In other words, the development of steam took the organic community and plugged it into a world of production dominated by a handful of elites. But this should be noted: that it has been the issue of how machines are powered that led to the creation of the first â€Å"grid.†Again, the issue comes back to that of energy. With this, the more optimistic view of Bookchin makes more sense, since it is really not machinery per se, but the means by which they are powered that is non-liberatory in its tendency. Bookchin seems to say that the reduction of power to solar and wind sources (among other natural sources) is both inevitable (as oil runs out and coal is too dirty) and morally demanded if decentralization and true local democracy are to become a reality.In his â€Å"Five Facets of a Myth† Sale asks the simple question: has th e 400 years since the Industrial revolution produces more or less happiness for humanity (as a whole)? Has it produced more equality, more justice, less work, less stress, more mental stability, for humanity as a whole? What were the promises of the technological revolution? These arguments, from Bacon to Compte have been nothing less than plenty, peace, less work and stress, a veritable utopia of production where drudgery would disappear. Diseases would be cured, wars ended and mental illness a thing of the past. But has industrialism and technology carried through on these promises? And what has been the cost of the convenience that industry has created?It seems that Mander, Bookchin and Sale would all agree that the promises of industrialism and the technological revolution have not been fulfilled. As one sort of knowledge is brought forward, some others are left behind. All that does not conform to the English model of industrialization (or industrialization in general), is dism issively called â€Å"backward† and â€Å"primitive,† as terms of abuse.II. Society, Churches and the Technological RevolutionAs a matter of course, society seems to be a passive victim of the propaganda of the industrialists. Technology has invaded every corner of human life, altering landscapes of entire continents. All of this has been done long before any kind of debate has been engaged. This is the central problem. On the whole, churches have accepted the technological revolution with little protest. There are small exceptions: the Russian Old Believers, the Amish, some traditional Roman Catholic and Orthodox writers have detailed the problems, both moral and social, of technology and its dominance over life.One promising area of research has been developed by the green anarchists, who have taken at least some of their material from the erstwhile Murray Bookchin, who advocated a humanized technology detached from centralized structures. Solar power is the perennia l example, since it is relatively easy to install and is off a grid, in other words, it need not be connected into any larger structures of power. Bookchin, in his 1970 Post Scarcity Anarchism, contains a powerful essay called â€Å"Toward a Liberatory Technology.†The early date of this publication makes it of great interest in modern writings against the technological revolution. Bookchin is far more optimistic than Mander, and holds that the movement in this revolution is toward the small scale: computers and machinery in general are getting physically smaller and using less and less energy. This movement is a good thing and can assist in the building of a new, decentralized society (Bookchin, 1970, 59).A liberated society, I believe, will not want to negate technology precisely because it has liberated and can strike a balance. It may well want to assimilate the machine to artistic craftsmanship. By this I mean that the machine will remove the toil from the productive proc ess, leaving its artistic completion to man. The machine, in effect, will participate in human creativity. . . In a liberated community the combination of industrial machines and craftsmans tools could reach a degree of sophistication and of creative interdependence unparalleled in any period of human history (Bookchin, 1970, 80).The distinction between Mander and Bookchin in clear: For the former, technology is inherently biased, at least in its present manifestation. Mander, like Bookchin, holds that solar and wind power is the wave of the future, and, in general, can mean that life â€Å"off the grid† is quite possible, enhancing independence and local control over events. The central issue here is democracy and local control: off-grid means local control, and cultural and economic lives are not necessarily dictated by distant banks, the Federal Reserve or the global economy, none of which the average community has any control over. But in Bookchin’s case, the indus trial revolution already contains the seeds of its decentralization and hence, sees in the industrial revolution seeds of a new, liberated society. In general, by the term â€Å"liberated† Bookchin means independent of centralized sources of control.One interesting source of Christian radicalism has been the monastery. Here, especially in its Orthodox foundations, the technological revolution has been held at bay. For example, the Platina, California monastery of St. Herman is completely off grid. They have no running water or electricity, and grow most of their own food (Damascene, 2002). Their grounds are beautiful and spacious, and since they are vegetarians, hunting is prohibited (as is the case for all Orthodox monasteries). Their diet is very simple yet extremely healthy, and the community is growing. They run a major publishing house on generator power run by solar panels. The Platina experience has become central for giving an example of how to live a happy, healthy l ife without dependence on the system of interlocking systems of control which is meant by the term â€Å"grid.†Another example might be the St. Mary’s community in St. Mary’s Kansas. This is a Roman Catholic community that only partially controls the small town of St. Mary’s. They seek to live their lives simply and peacefully in prayer and honest labor. It is not a monastery and families thrive there, but they have already received several visits from the FBI, paranoid that a â€Å"cult† was at work there. If anything, such communities have an uphill climb from the state as well as the media, whose coverage of the community has been uniformly hostile and uncomprehending. (cf. http://www.smac.edu, St. Mary’s Academy page, with some information on the community as a whole).One can surmise with a great deal of justification that the average American family has embraced technology as â€Å"inevitable,† without fully understanding the com plex consequences of such technologies. Slowly but surely however, the rather marginalized monastics, anarchists and greens have made somewhat of an impact. But if Bookchin is correct, the smaller scale of newer technologies will make a freer life possible with rather small changes in social consciousness. What seems to be at the center is the nature of power. If power can be locally created through bio-mass or solar energy, then technology can become liberatory. The grid seems to be based on power, i.e. energy, more than anything else though it cannot be limited to that.Every community would approximate local or regional autarky. It would seek to achieve wholeness, because wholeness produces complete, rounded men who live in a symbiotic relationship with their environment. Even if a substantial portion of the economy fell within the sphere of a national division of labor, the overall economic weight of a society would still rest with the community (Bookchin, 1970, 83).The central g ood here is independence. But it is difficult to square the American interest in â€Å"environmental politics† with anything other than a fashionable political cause. It is hard to see how such a superficial commitment can be brought to bear on the rather humane anarchism and communitarianism of Bookchin. It seems that for the moment, the experiments such as Platina will remain marginalized and unappealing to the masses. The debate might continue, but, for better or worse, that does not stop the â€Å"inevitable wheel of progress† from spinning.A recent study from Cornell University suggests that most of Americans are strongly beginning to question the issue of genetically engineered foods. This technology was gradually introduced into food production largely unbeknownst to the American public. Hence, since about two-thirds of American food is so processed, the â€Å"debate† is largely a moot one. Nevertheless, Cornell claims that there has been a â€Å"slight but significant shift over time towards a little less support [for genetically engineered foods] and more risk perception† (Bio-Medicine, 2005).What are the conclusions we can reach here? The first might be that the more practical questions of the ethic of technology must be brought under a more general heading: this heading has been dealt with above and is the relationship of technology to liberty and democracy. All other goods flow from this. If one can show that technology has led to a stressed, mentally unbalanced and mechanized society, then one must be able to reform the system and bring to bear new insights. If machinery is harmful to democracy and local control, then it needs to be eliminated, or at least, highly modified in the way that Bookchin proposes. Hiding behind arguments about the   â€Å"inevitable† nature of â€Å"technical progress† will not do, but these only beg the question.Second, the question of technology and ethics is central to moder n societies, and needs to be taken out of the classroom and into the Congress and the public square. These issues are not about the â€Å"environment† per se, but the environment is just an appendage of the more important questions concerning the nature of centralized economic control (whether from the state or corporate America, or an alliance of both) and its intimate relation to the history of technological progress. This is the bedrock issue of technology and its relation to ethics, that is, to freedom and autonomy. Freedom and autonomy, therefore, must also be the bedrock of a democratic order.A Model Syllabus: A Brief IntroductionThis seminar is entitled Technology and Democracy, and will meet five times. It will incorporate film, written work and discussion. All points of view are welcome and encouraged. Nevertheless, it should be made clear that the basic issues are defined as the relationship of technology and the sources of its creation and marketing with democracy, equality and safety. The issues below are meant to illustrate these basic themes from varying fields of study. This syllabus is meant to take the basic insights above, that is, the relationship of democracy to technology (as the center of technological ethics) and bring it to bear on more practical pursuits such as medicine or computer science.Day IThe question of technology and childrenReadings to have prepared beforehand:Parens, Eric (2006) Surgically Shaping Children: Technology, Ethics and the Pursuit of Noramality. Johns Hopkins University PressThis work will be the main topic of the first meeting. Discussion and workshops will follow concerning the impact of technology on raising children. Topics will include, sex selection and abortion, genetic engineering and, importantly, the medicating of children, especially boys. Basic issues of sexism (especially anti-male bias) will be discussedDay IIEthics and Health Care TechnologyReadings to have prepared beforehandAnderson, James (2002) Ethics and Information Technology: A Care Based Approach to a Health Care System in Transition. Springer Books.The discussion will center upon the nature of genetic engineering in the realm of medicine and ethics. But what needs to be stressed is the connection between the corporate or state control of medicine and the nature of ethics and centralized power.A video will also be shown:Sulmasy, Daniel (2004) Dignity, Vulnerability and Care of the Patient. St. Vincent’s Medical Center. 55 min (available at http://www.providence.org/oregon/programs_and_services/ethics/e15clips.htm)Day IIIReadings to have prepared beforehandEthics and Weapons TechnologyBrigetedy, Ruben (2007) Ethics, Technology and the American Way of War. Routledge.This component will concern technology and the development of weapons. There is no separate between the industrial revolution and the development of mass warfare and extremely high-casualty wars. Technology must face this element of itself, its promises to bring humanity peace and plenty are belied by the fact that technology has all of the most deadly weapons known to man. Science, in other words, is not intrinsically liberating, it can also enslave.Day IVEthics and Information TechnologyReadings to have prepared beforehandStamatellos, Giannis (2007) Computer Ethics: A Global Perspective. Jones and BartlettThis part of the seminar will deal with the issues involved in computer technology and privacy. This is a central issue in today’s economy and must be dealt with. Issues such as Pay-Pal and Ebay will be discussed, as well as the potential for fraud and abuse.Day VEthics and mental HealthReadings to have prepared beforehandDyer, Allen (1988) Ethics and Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Association PublicationsMental health and pharmaceuticals are important areas of ethics today. Tens of millions throughout the world are currently on legal, pharmaceuticals for mental illness. Hence, the issue goes right to the heart of this course: the intimacy of technology to the average person. In this case, the technology goes straight to the brain and manipulates the chemistry, altering the personality for better or worse. But at the same time, these medications are marketed for profit, hence creating a moral quandary: is the prescription of these medications medically necessary or even proper? Is the profit motive center stage here, or the science of medicine, and even more, to what extent has this science been controlled by the profit motive itself?Students will end the seminar with a brief presentation concerning one of the these five topics relative to the main topic: the relation of technology to democracy and liberty.Bibliography:â€Å"American Opinions are Split on Genetically Engineered Food.† Bio Medicine News. 2005. (Bio-medicine.org)Bookchin, Murray (1970) Post Scarcity Anarchism. AK Press.Damascene, Fr. (2003). Fr. Seraphim Rose: His Life and Works. St. Herman’s Press (Fr. Seraph im founded the settlement at Platina, CA)Mander, Jerry (2006). â€Å"Technologies of Globalization.† in Mander, ed. The Case Against the Global Economy. Sierra Club Books. 344-359Sale, Kirkpatrick (1996) Rebels Against the Future. Basic Books(nd) â€Å"Five Facets of a Myth.† Primitivism Online Journal. (Primitivism.org)

Candidates for the 1996 election essays

Candidates for the 1996 election essays William Jefferson Clinton was a candidate of the democratic party. He was born on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. Although he was defeated in his campaign for Congress in Arkansas's Third District in 1974, Clinton was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, and won the governorship in 1978. He lost a bid for the second term, but he regained the office four years later, and served until he defeated incumbent George Bush and third party candidate Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential race. The vice president running under Bill Clinton was Albert Arnold Gore, Jr. Robert Joseph Dole, born July 22, 1923, in Russell, Kansas, is a former United States Representative and Senator. He ran for office and was elected to the State house of representatives serving a two year term ending in 1953. Dole was also elected as a Republican to the Eighty-Seventh Congress and to three following Congresses. In 1968 he was elected to the United States Senate. He was reelected to the Senate in 1974, and again in 1980, 1986, and 1992. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the U.S. in 1976, and for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1988. He is best known as being the Majority Leader of the Senate. Running under Dole as vice president was Jack French Kemp. Henry Ross Perot, a businessman and activist, born June 27, 1930, in Texarkana, Texas, founded the successful data processing company, Electronic Data Systems. In the following decades Perot became known for his international and philanthropic concerns. Perot was also noted for his campaign to improve the school systems of the state of Texas and his contributions to various schools and educational institutions. He entered politics in 1992 as the Independent Party candidate for U.S. president. He entered the election of 1996 as the reform party. Running under Ross Perot for vice president was Pat Choate. ...

Differences Between the Words Device and Devise

Differences Between the Words 'Device' and 'Devise' The words device are devise are commonly confusedprobably because they sound similar and their meanings are related. However, device and devise are two different parts of speech. Definitions The noun device means an object, a gadget, or a piece of equipment made for some special purpose. The verb devise means to plan, invent, or form in ones mind. Examples A smartphone can be a handy device for avoiding work.The sink is a magnificent device: it fills with water, holds it awhile, and then, when the drain is released, it empties.(George Carlin,  Napalm Silly Putty. Hyperion, 2001)We need to devise new solutions to old problems.Scientists at the University of Bologna in Italy have  devised a hand-held device  that, when passed over the body, identifies different resonations of body tissues in response to a fluctuating frequency of microwaves.(The Science of Anti-Aging Medicine, ed. by R. Klatz and R. Goldman. American Academy of Anti-Aging Med, 2003) Usage Note A device is a machine or tool; to devise means to invent or concoct something. (To devise one must be wise. Will ones device work on ice?) The stable hand would like to devise a device that cleans up after the horses. (Phineas J. Caruthers,  Style Circumstance: The Gentlepersons Guide to Good Grammar. Adams Media, 2012) Idiom Alert: "Left to Our Own Devices" When were left to our own devices we use the learning-by-doing method. Left to our own devices means theres no one looking over our shoulder in front of whom we feel embarrassed if we fail.(Roger C. Schank,  Making Minds Less Well Educated Than Our Own. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004)Have you received the message by now that our emotions dont treat us well when it comes to managing our money? Left to our own devices, we tend to do stupid things with our money.(A.J. Monte and Rick Swope,  The Market Guys Five Points for Trading Success. Wiley, 2011) Practice Exercise (a) We must _____ a way to rescue Lassie from the well. (b) Maybe a _____ involving pulleys and kittens will work. (c) My father, in the  firefly-rife backyard  of my first home, lights a bundle of little firecrackers and darts dramatically back, and we all stand around in an awed circle, at what we hope is a safe distance, as the _____ twists and jumps and shouts its furious, frustrated noise.(John Updike, The Fourth of July, 1991) (d) You can imagine, Watson, with what eagerness I endeavored to piece together our scientific findings and to _____ some common thread on which they might all  hang.(Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual, 1893) Answers to Practice Exercise (a) We must  devise  a way to rescue Lassie from the well.(b) Maybe a  device  involving pulleys and kittens will work. (c) My father, in the  firefly-rife backyard  of my first home, lights a bundle of little firecrackers and darts dramatically back, and we all stand around in an awed circle, at what we hope is a safe distance, as the  device  twists and jumps and shouts its furious, frustrated noise.(John Updike, The Fourth of July,  1991) (d) You can imagine, Watson, with what eagerness I endeavored to piece together our scientific findings and to  devise  some common thread on which they might all  hang.(Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual, 1893)

How to Become a Pharmacy Technician

How to Become a Pharmacy Technician If you’ve ever waited in line at a pharmacy for a prescription, you likely know that pharmacy technicians are the ones who help to keep everything moving. Meeting the prescription and over-the-counter healthcare needs of the community is a huge task, and the pharmacy tech plays an essential part. The Day-to-DayPharmacy technicians (also known as pharm techs) are healthcare professionals who assist licensed pharmacists. Their duties may include:Dispensing drugs and medical devices to patientsEducating patients on potential side effectsEducating patients on the use of medical devicesReviewing prescriptions from doctors’ officesReviewing insurance coverage and working with the insurance companiesEnsuring that patients get the correct prescriptionHandling payment and insurance transactionsOther administrative duties related to the pharmacy as neededMost pharm techs work in community, retail, or hospital pharmacies, but there are also opportunities in nursing homes, private companies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, government, or academic settings. The majority work full-time, in a standard work week, though some pharmacy techs work part-time.For more on what it’s like to be a pharmacy technician, check out these videos:How to Be a Pharmacy TechnicianPharmacy Technician Career OverviewCareer Profile: Pharmacy TechnicianThe RequirementsBecoming a pharmacy technician is a process that can take less than a year, or up to 2 years. To get started, you should have at least a high school diploma. Most pharmacy techs opt to take a 1-to-2 year program at a community college or vocational school, where the coursework may provide technical training and certification. Each state has its own rules that can vary widely (from required schooling, certification, and exams to no official certification necessary), so be sure to check your own state’s requirements before you get started.The SkillsAccuracy is an absolute necessity for pharmacy techs. Inaccurat e prescriptions, or the wrong medicine going to the wrong person, can be extremely dangerous. Pharm techs are often the first and last line of defense, making sure that everyone is getting the medication they’re supposed to be getting. Attention to detail is perhaps the most important skills for a tech to have, but others are crucial as well. These skills are typically learned through certification programs or on-the-job training:Pharmacy and medical termsBasic knowledge of medicationsBasic pharmacy operationsMedication dosage measurement and best practicesLaw and ethics for pharmacy practiceThe PayThe median salary for pharmacy technicians is $29,810 per year, or $14.33 per hour, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). And according to a PayScale.com survey, pharm techs are â€Å"highly satisfied† with their career choice.The OutlookAs pharmacies change with the times and drugs are shipped in bulk, pharmacy techs will be more in demand than ever so that they ca n dispense medicine accurately and effectively, freeing up pharmacists to provide clinical services. The BLS expects the field to grow by at least 9% by 2024.Interested? APPLY HERE

Marty (1955 movie) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marty (1955 movie) - Essay Example Choosing a partner in life does not mean choosing who is the best looking amongst the people in town. The main purpose of the rules of self-disclosure is to give therapeutic rewards to people without over-exposing one’s personal life. When a person’s personal life is said to be over-exposed, that personal may feel a bit exploited and get pre-judged by people who barely knew them totally (Roes 22-26). According to Knapp, there are 5 stages of relationship development: 1) initiation, 2) experimenting, 3) intensifying, 4) integrating and 5) bonding. (Suresh, et al., 2) In that pattern, the initiation stage for Marty and Clara was when they had the dance after Clara was dumped by her date for the night. Though Marty got acquainted to Clara’s presence on the wrong note, he was able to make action and a better impression to Clara. Same goes for Clara that though she was crying and was embarrassed by what has transpired. The experimenting stage lasted for many hours that same night. From the Stardust Ballroom dance, they head over to a small luncheonette and further talked. There, they went further to the other stages of relationship development which is intensifying. According to Knapp, this is the stage where it is more of an informal setting in the relationship. Marty and Clara had a talk not about the past anymore but of what they would be doing in the next couple of days, weeks and even months. It is the scene where girls would giggle to see that not all pretty ladies get the better catch and not all good looking males are considered as good catch. It is also the goodness inside of a person that makes them beautiful and pleasant regardless of their outside appearance. They started disclosing more information about their personal life to the other as the other listen attentively as if they would miss information if they would blink. The night ended as Marty was talking Clara to move out of her

International Financial Reporting Standards Research Paper

International Financial Reporting Standards - Research Paper Example Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and efforts to converge United States GAAP and Global Standards will provide a framework for conformity of global financial reporting principles (Ernst & Young 15). The international financial reporting standards will enhance the comparability of corporations internationally. The new system will provide investors and shareholders with better monetary information of various organizations. The new system will assist investors to acquire dependable information of firms with international operations. Investors need firms’ details, which are more dependable, timely, pertinent and comparable across economies (Needles & Powers 48). As an investor or user of financial reports, the new system will reduce the costs I incur while investing and will increase the quality of information I receive. As an investor, my investment confidence will increase as a result of superior transparency among diverse companies’ monetary reports . This will increase my willingness to purchase the company’s securities. The new system will enable me to compare and interpret monetary information of different companies around the globe. This comparability will assist me in allocating assets in my investment portfolio. The comparability of monetary reports of various firms around the globe will increase trade in the international capital markets. The outcome will be an integrated global capital markets and simplified cross boundary investment. In the long term, there will be an enhanced liquidity in the financial markets and the cost of finances will reduce. The foreign capital inflows will increase since the companies will have access to global financial markets. The increase in foreign capital flows and reduction in cost of finances will stimulate investments within the country. Increase in investments will increase the productivity of the economy, and this would result to economic growth and development (Shamrock 65). Economic development will benefit me by augmenting the standard of living of the citizens. As a borrower, I will benefit from the low cost of credit, thus enabling me to finance my investment projects. The new system will reduce the costs of financial reporting, since companies with global operations will prepare monetary reports using a single standard. Multinational Corporations may save a significant amount of cash through circumventing the costs of translating their financial declarations into numerous local financial exposure principles (Shamrock 68). Reduction in costs of monetary reporting may result to low prices of services or products provided by firms, and as a consumer, I will benefit from the low prices. Walton notes that the new system will enable multinational corporations to analyze their competitiveness in local and worldwide markets. This will increase competition between these multinational corporations. Increase in competition will enhance the quality of services and goods provided by these firms. In order to acquire a competitive benefit, these firms may services and products as cheaper prices (Walton 87). As a consumer, I will gain from high quality of services and product and low prices. Monetary reports compiled using a single set of accounting standards help investors in evaluating various investment opportunities. Evaluation of financial repor

Strategic Issues Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Issues Paper - Essay Example The Aerospace and Defense Industry is also reeling under the pressure of rising fuel prices. This is evident from the fact that the Boeing Aircrafts manufacturing company’s response to the said problem, which pointed at the rise in demand for fuel efficient planes owing to the constant upsurge in global oil prices. Rising fuel consumption and an equally simultaneous rise in fuel prices are a matter of grave concern for the organizations in almost all the sectors of the economy, which are increasingly finding it difficult to cope with such external threats and have been trying to battle these external environmental forces with innovative strategies. The company is over booked with demand for such fuel efficient planes which has far exceeded the supply (Boeing Comments, 2008). Faced by the problem of growing customer concerns about the environmental hazards caused by some of the poisonous substances used in the manufacture of PCs and other similar electronic devises, Dell Computer Electronics, developed and launched its Sustainable Business Development Program, that dealt with such problems, with a promise to contribute towards the cause of greener and cleaner environment and at the same time achieving its overall organizational goals of steady economic development (Dell, 2008) . Several manufacturing companies across the globe, today, are increasingly facing problems from the high rate of penetration of low cost manufacturers from emerging countries especially from India and China. The fact that the cost of production cycle depends largely on the availability of raw materials, as well as, the availability of low cost and cheap labor. These two countries have a talented pool of human resource in abundance which they use to their advantage by producing cost effective and good quality products. The saturation in the Western markets as well as the high cost of labor, is further making things difficult for the western

Prohibition, War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prohibition, War on Drugs - Essay Example Within such an understanding, the following analysis will seek to compare and contrast the objective and subjective effects of the way in which existing drug policy, inclusive of alcohol allowance and taxation, creates a unique and somewhat unreasonable dynamic. Although it is not the place of this brief analysis to advocate a safe entirely new approach to drug policy within the United States, it is the hope of this research that a greater level of inference with regards to the appropriate response framework that government represents will be able to be inferred. Firstly, it must be understood that current drug policy within the United States is very much akin to Prohibition that existed following WWI. Within such an understanding, the similarities between the way in which the government, prompted by temperance movement activists throughout the nation, outlawed the production and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages within the United States is eerily similar to the way in which the ATF, FBI, and a litany of other federal and local law enforcement entities have worked in tandem since the declared War on Drugs to rid the United States of illegal substances. Anyone with even a cursory introduction to economics can realize that such a practice is ultimately futile. This is of course due to the fact that the more that a government outlaws the production, sale, distribution, and consumption of a specific good or service, then as long as that good or service is demanded, then the price thereof will increase dramatically. This jump in price is the direct result of government pressures and creates a litany of different interests that seek to capitalize on such a lucrative market. As can clearly be noted, Prohibition was soon repealed due to the fact that public outcry against it had reached a tipping point and the inability of the authorities to continue to strain the legal system with such low-level violations had reached a maximum. Yet, from an alternate standpoint, there are those individuals that reference the fact that Prohibition was ultimately effective due to the fact that it drastically reduced the amount of alcohol produced and consumed within the United States during this particular period of time; driving many would-be alcoholics into a level of forced sobriety and benefitting society by extension. In seeking to address which of these view is the more effective, it is the view of this particular author that the government was fighting a losing battle from the very beginning. Due to the fact that controlling aspects of personality and character and what an individual decides to put in their body is a personal choice, the rate of success that the government might have expected at the outset of Prohibition was limited to say the least. From a civil liberties perspective, the current government is engaging in a situation very similar to Prohibition with regards to the ongoing and exorbitantly expensive War on Drugs. Generation after gener ation of young disenfranchised citizens are being put behind bars for minor drug offenses; a process that ultimately hardens these young men and women and creates a much greater lasting problem for

Managing Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Working Capital - Essay Example Fundamentally, the working capital is total current assets of GHS (Jain, p.13.4). Langabeer (2008) explained further that this is the â€Å"funds necessary to finance the conversion operating cycle for a hospital – from delivering services to receiving funds to paying invoices for materials used† (p.59). The net working capital, on the other hand, is the difference in GHS’s current assets and current liabilities or that portion of current assets that are financed with long-term funds (Jain, p.13.4). These conceptual s definitions underscore the requirement to manage working capital because it determines the ability of an institution such as GHS to pay its debt and enhance its value. According to Langabeer, it reflects the efficiency of a hospital in the manner it orders, stores and pay for goods and services, hence, â€Å"the key with working capital management is to match the amount of money needed in the short term with the amount of funds available and keep a ll other assets in assets with higher returns† (p.59). For instance, working capital management in GHS involves initiatives such as the investment in an equity fund or the purchase of property and the construction of a facility that would yield profitability. GHS’s treasurer plays an important role in the working capital management. This is highlighted by the fact that the working capital needs of GHS can be affected by several factors such as the nature of business, the seasonality of operations, the production policy, market conditions and the conditions of supply (Chandra, 2011, p.574). He must ensure an efficient management because it will inevitably lead to increased organizational performance, quality in service delivery and profitability. The activities follow the GHS working capital cycle, which – as in the case of all organizations – is a process in which it purchases or produces inventory, holds it for a time, and

Quickbooks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quickbooks - Research Paper Example When a brand finds the value of brand equity, they can trail a brand equity roadmap to accomplish that potential value (Williams 222). The overview of brand loyalty to this model is still contentious as other conceptualizations place brand loyalty as anoutcome of brand equity, which entails awareness and associations of our firm. But when someone buys a brand or places a value on it, the loyalty of the client base is every so often the asset utmost prized, so it marks financial sense to include it (Gruner6). Also, when managing a brand, the addition of brand loyalty as part of our firm brand’s equity allows the firm’s marketers to defend giving it significance in the brand-building budget. Brandequity that our firm uses also provides value to clients (Gruner 7). It enhances the client’s ability to understand and process information and affects the quality of the user experience. As it provides value to customers, it also makes it laid-back to justify in a brand-building budget. The model provides viewpoint of brand equity as one of the chief components of recent marketing alongside segmentation -the marketing concept, and several others(Gruner 8) I can propose a brand QuickBooks as application software that processes and records accounting transactions with modules of function such as payroll, trial balance, and account payable as well as account receivable. Simply, it’s an accounting information system. It can be developed in-house by our company(Gruner 12). The QuickBooksshould compose of such modules as: billing- where invoices to clients are produced by the company; bookkeeping – where the company records payments and collection; stock/ inventory where the company keeps control of its inventory. Our brand QuickBooks should reflecta financial accounting software program, which can be of use to small businesses(Testa 53). The software boasts a variety of features intended at helping users manage every of their accounting

Managing Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Working Capital - Essay Example Fundamentally, the working capital is total current assets of GHS (Jain, p.13.4). Langabeer (2008) explained further that this is the â€Å"funds necessary to finance the conversion operating cycle for a hospital – from delivering services to receiving funds to paying invoices for materials used† (p.59). The net working capital, on the other hand, is the difference in GHS’s current assets and current liabilities or that portion of current assets that are financed with long-term funds (Jain, p.13.4). These conceptual s definitions underscore the requirement to manage working capital because it determines the ability of an institution such as GHS to pay its debt and enhance its value. According to Langabeer, it reflects the efficiency of a hospital in the manner it orders, stores and pay for goods and services, hence, â€Å"the key with working capital management is to match the amount of money needed in the short term with the amount of funds available and keep a ll other assets in assets with higher returns† (p.59). For instance, working capital management in GHS involves initiatives such as the investment in an equity fund or the purchase of property and the construction of a facility that would yield profitability. GHS’s treasurer plays an important role in the working capital management. This is highlighted by the fact that the working capital needs of GHS can be affected by several factors such as the nature of business, the seasonality of operations, the production policy, market conditions and the conditions of supply (Chandra, 2011, p.574). He must ensure an efficient management because it will inevitably lead to increased organizational performance, quality in service delivery and profitability. The activities follow the GHS working capital cycle, which – as in the case of all organizations – is a process in which it purchases or produces inventory, holds it for a time, and

Develop an awareness of self in relation to others Coursework

Develop an awareness of self in relation to others - Coursework Example The defense mechanisms help people in maintaining their self-esteem and self-respect in face of embarrassing, threatening or defeating situations. Hence, defense mechanisms are mental tools used by people from feeling unworthy and inferior. Using defense mechanism once or twice is fine. However, when people start using defense mechanism often, then it harms their reputation and also keeps them from seeing the ‘real’ picture. ‘Rationalization’ and ‘projection’ are among the most commonly used defense mechanisms by people. People use rationalization when the truth about a situation is painful to accept. In such situations, people use rationalization as a defense mechanism and give socially acceptable and reasonable explanation for their behaviour. By doing so, people avoid accepting their own fears, anxieties and negative aspects of personality. After using rationalization repeatedly, it becomes a part of their unconscious behaviour pattern and th ey lose the ability to reflect on the truth or to improve their behaviour. Hence, people around them lose trust and faith in them and consider them as people ‘who always give excuses’ and hence, not dependable. In this way rationalization affects the trust and bonding in personal and professional relationships. ‘Projection’ is another defense mechanism where a person blames another person or situation for his own inadequacies, unfavorable characters and failure. When projection becomes a habit, then the person using it loses the sense of reality and examines people and situations in distorted way. People around him start to realize that this person is never going to improve as he never accepts his fault and weaknesses. They consider him as irresponsible and immature. Hence, they start keeping a distance from him and do not allow him to form close relationship with them. In this way, a person who uses projection as a defense mechanism fails to make and maint ain relationships. His attitude of blaming others repels people from him. Factors Inhibiting Congruent Relating Congruence in relationship is possible when the counsellor and the client are open, authentic and honest with each other in the process of counselling. However, for the formation of a congruent relationship with clients, the counsellor needs to have a ‘whole’ and ‘integrated’ personality. Otherwise, the counsellor is unable to help the client to achieve the ‘integration’ in his personality. Hence, if the counsellor lacks growth and ‘integration’ in his own personality, then it inhibits the formation of congruence between the counsellor and the client while counselling. Second factor that inhibits the congruent relating with clients is the lack of ‘self -awareness’ in the counsellor. When a counsellor is not consciously aware of the weak areas in his personality, then he gets uncomfortable and irritated while attending to those weaknesses in his clients. Hence, being aware of the weaknesses in his own personality is very important for the counsellor. Otherwise, it inhibits congruent relating with the client by creating discomfort and friction in interactions while counselling.

Psychology First Impression Essay Example for Free

Psychology First Impression Essay The aim of the research was to carry out a similar study of Luchins(1957) which found that the first piece of information received about an individual often bears more weight ( stronger ) than information gained later so as to see whether first impression is relevant in the 21st century. The alternative hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in the number of positive and negative ranting between the positive primacy group and the negative primacy group. Th is study was a field experiment with an independent groups design The independent variable was whether  positive primacy story or negative primacy story given to the participant and the dependant variable was the number of positive or negative rating given to the character (Bob). On 21st June 2008 at about 12:30 pm, we went to the Chester le-street front street, an opportunity sample of 30 participants (15 participants in each groups) 16-59 years old were used. There were two groups of participants reading either positive primacy story or negative primacy story. For positive primacy story, the character (Bob) was described as extrovert first, then introvert and for negative primacy story, Bob was introvert first, then extrovert. Afterwards they were given a questionnaire to rate Bob in terms of certain personality traits. A chi square test was used to analysis the results. The Observed value of Chi squared was T = 20 and the Critical value was 3. 84 . As the observed value is higher than the critical value, the alternative hypothesis can be accepted at p less than or equal to 0. 05. Therefore, it seems from the earlier research that the order in which the information is received has an impact on impression formation. Therefore, the aim of this research is  to see whether the first impression is relevant in the 21st century (the first information received has a greater impact on impression formation than the second information). Introduction How do we form judgements and impressions of people? Within moments of meeting someone, we look at their appearance, clothing style, hair-style, language, accent or ethnicity, this makes us form an impression of a complete stranger within seconds of meeting him or her. These first impressions of others stem from the perceptions and judgements we make based on the first time we meet. Have you even experienced that if the first impression of someone is unfavourable, a subsequent smile may be seen as a sneer or as insincere? One of the first major studies into impression formation was carried out by Asch (1946), he used two lists of six adjectives describing a person ( intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn and envious ) ,one was arranged in the above order, another was the reversal . Participants were asked to rate the person out of 10 (where 10 means a very positive impression of the person). He found that those who read the first group of  adjectives form a more positive impression of the person. His study suggested that a primacy effect occurs because the initial traits in a sequence set the stage for the interpretation for later traits. In effect, the meaning of each new adjective was interpreted in light of the ones already received. Aschs contention was that the total assessment would reflect a dynamic process in which the separate traits would interact to form a unitary impression. In general, his study suggested that earlier traits have a greater influence on impression formation. A study conducted by Luchins in 1957 also throws some light on how we form impressions. He aimed to see if the order of information in which they received affects their opinion. Participants were given a story to read about an imaginary person (Jim) who first appears to a cheerful character and then rather sad and lonely. A second group of participants are given the same information but in the reverse order. Afterwards all participants are asked to rate the person in the story in terms of certain personality traits. He found that the participants who hear the story with the positive  one first will rate the person more positively. Luchins suggested that impressions were strongly influenced by the order in which we receive information about people. The first information we receive is the most important and most likely to be remembered. Asch and Luchins used hypothetical people in their study. However, Jones et al (1968) used an actual person. Participants watched a video of a student solving a set of multiple choice questions with the frequency of correct answers either increasing or decreasing, but actually the student always solved 15 out of the 30 correctly, participants were asked to rate  the student s intelligence, they judged the student as more intelligent when the first 15 were right (primacy effect), also, when asked to recall how many correct those who had seen student perform first 15 correct estimated 20/30 those who had seen the last 15 correct estimated 12/30. These studies provide evidence for primacy effect the greater impact of what we first learn about someone (first impressions) and suggest that once one determines they have an acceptable understanding of the information presented to them, they will pay less attention as more  information is presented and only recall the first impression. In nowadays 21st century, many society factors have been changed, for example, internet is widely used over the world today, as well as many social networking websites e. g. Facebook and MySpace, the effect of first impression might be changed. In order to investigate whether the primacy effect still prevails in todays society. I will be adapting Luchins research and writing my own paragraphs story 1 2(see appendices 1). I will be using 11 categories for participants to choose from in order to force a bias.

Does Class Size Matter?

Does Class Size Matter? Does class size affect a students performance in school? Both sides could be argued upon, but neither would win without the proper evidence defending their side. Here is the evidence to put this debate to rest, class size does affect academic performance. Smaller class for a student as well as for teachers are a good thing. Research supports the common-sense notion that children learn more and teachers are more effective in smaller classes. (General OneFile) Its common sense that smaller class are more effective for students to learn and teachers to help their students. The larger the class, the least likely it is for the teacher of the class to give every student the help they need. For a student to be able to succeed the teacher has to be able to help them until they understand on their own enough to handle it by themselves. The more the teacher is able to help, the more they learn and the more they learn, the more they will achieve in their futures. Studies have shown that small classes have a beneficial effect on the academic achievement of children from low-income families and those learning English as a second language (ESL). These are the students that the majority of educators are increasingly dealing with. Not only were small classes studied, but large ones as well. The findings show that overcrowded classrooms are associated with lower student achievement as confirmed by reading and mathematics competency tests. (Robert J. Rios) Test scores show that smaller classes are effective at bettering achievements of low income and minority students. Smaller classes help low-income and minority students learn better as well as faster. Larger classes are could be very harmful to students both educationally and financially. The evidence suggests that increasing class size will harm not only childrens test scores in the short run, but also their long run human capital formation. Money saved today by increasing class sizes will result in more substantial social and educational costs in the future. (Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach) Raising the size of a class will effect a students test scores as well as hurting them in the long run money wise. Saving money now by increasing class size now will hurt the student in the long run. Its not good for the schools to cut cost now by making class sizes bigger, to effect the student later by having to spend more money to get where they needed to be in the first place. Class size is an important determinant of student outcomes, and one that can be directly determined by policy. All else being equal, increasing class sizes will harm student outcomes. (Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach) Incr eased student numbers in universities coupled with reduced resources have often resulted in larger class sizes, thus encouraging a reversion of the traditional style of delivery and a reduction in small group and tutorial contact in short, less interactive teaching and learning. (William Duncan Papo) By increasing student class sizes in schools to reduce resource use has often resulted in the reduction of interactive teaching and learning,ÂÂ   you would be decreasing the time that the students could possibly need with the teacher, but not being able to have because there would be too many students to get that opportunity. Raising class size could potentially hurt a students outcomes of achievement educationally. [If you use endnotes, they should be on a separate page, at the end of your text and preceding the list of works cited. If you use footnotes, consult your professor for preferred format.] Class Size Change From Elementary to High School Average Class Sizes: Elementary Class Size Middle School Class Size High School Class Size Average Class 21 16 17 Source: https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass1112_2013314_t1s_007.aspAs you see class size greatly effects a student academically as well as capitally. Policymakers should take into account the facts that students learn better and fast in smaller classes where the teacher can get to all her students. Works Cited Bonesronning, Hans. Class Size Effects on Student Achievement in Norway: Patterns and Explanations. Southern Economic Journal 69.4 (2003): 952. General OneFile. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Class-Size Reduction: Better Than You Think. PRWeb Newswire 18 Feb. 2014: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. Guillemette, Yvan. School Class Size: Smaller Isnt Better. C.D. Howe Institute Commentary 15 Aug. 2005: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 7 Feb. 2017. Johnson, Laurene. Does Class Size Really Matter? District Administration Oct. 2011: 104. General OneFile. Web. 6 Feb. 2017. PAPO, WILLIAM DUNCAN. LARGE CLASS TEACHING: IS IT A PROBLEM TO STUDENTS? College Student Journal 33.3 (1999): 354. General OneFile. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Rios, Robert J. School of Education at Johns Hopkins University-Class Size: Does It Really Matter? Does It Really Matter? N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Schanzenbach, Diane W., Professor. Does Class Size Matter? National Education Policy Center. N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. 07 Feb. 2017. Table 7.Average Class Size in Public Primary Schools, Middle Schools, High Schools, and Schools with Combined Grades, by Classroom Type and State: 2011-12. Table 7.Average Class Size in Public Primary Schools, Middle Schools, High Schools, and Schools with Combined Grades, by Classroom Type and State: 2011-12. Schools and Staffing Survey, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Is Education the Best Solution to Poverty? Is Education the Best Solution to Poverty? For majority of African children, education represents the only solution of a life of rooted poverty. Across the continent, a large number of children currently survive on less than one dollar a day. Children who can read, write and do some arithmetic can hope to get better paid job in future. But school is much more than just job skills. It plays an increasingly important role helping children protect themselves against the diseases which can destroy poor communities. Simple information on day-to-day hygiene and prevention saves lives and keeps the families together. Finally,ÂÂ  school builds cohesiveness, community and confidence. Educated children are less chance to become victims of violence and abuse. They are more likely to invest in improving their community when they are grown. And the follow-on effects of even basic education quickly multiply, as children who have benefited from schooling themselves strive to secure even better opportunities for their own families. In Africa, its common for schools be shut down because of wars and political turmoil. Genocide in Darfur, civil war in Liberia, war in Cote dIvoire and economic strife in Zimbabwe have all shut down schools and disadvantaged students. Schools in many countries in Africa are plagued with corruption, cheating and violence. Schools are also short on teachers and supplies. Even though education is free, compulsory until age 15 and schools also provide a nutrition and HIV/AIDS awareness program still education is interrupted by violence in many African countries.ÂÂ  In order to improve the education systems throughout Africa, efforts have to be made to stop the violence and wars by implementing economic sanctions and arms embargos. The financial crisis had halted improvements in education for children in impoverished countries. If education budgets are not protected from the ravages of the financial crisis all the progress could be jeopardized and generations will be condemned to poverty. ÂÂ  More than $4 billion annually would be lost from education budgets in sub-Saharan Africa due to the impact of the global economic crisis which accounts to around 15% drop in resources for each primary school student. Every 3.6 seconds one person dies of starvation in Africa. Usually it is a child under the age of 5. Poverty hits children the hardest. While a severe lack of goods and services hurts every human, it is most threatening to childrens rights: survival, health and nutrition, education, participation, and protection from harm and exploitation. It creates an environment that is damaging to childrens development in every way mental, physical, emotional and spiritual.ÂÂ  More than 1 billion children are deprived of at least one of the essential goods and services they require to survive, grow and develop. They have no access to sanitation facilities and not even safe water which causes about 4000 deaths per day. Efforts should be made to provide safe water and helps displaced communities replace or find new water resources and build latrines. There should be awareness and monitoring of the issues likeÂÂ  risk of abduction, sexual violence and exploitation of children, struggle fo r shelter, education etc. and tougher laws for child exploiters. Population Explosion is another factor which compels to provide more stress on education in Africa. The underlying cause for prevailing problems such as population increase, poverty and high mortality rates is low or no education for women in Africa. There would be no development advancement unless women received education. In impoverished areas of Africa, it is still a practice to place priority on boys schooling, while girls are expected to help with housework or farming. Women who have no or little chance of receiving an education are usually forced to marry at a young age, which often leads to multiple childbirths in uncertain conditions and often end up with no knowledge of how to save themselves from the risk of infection or HIV. So ultimately it makes more difficult for mothers to give due consideration to the nutrition, health and hygiene of their babies. Family planning to control the population explosion and improvement in health systems facilities are needed in those impov erished areas. Educated Women are likely to marry late and have healthy babies. They would be more fruitful to family in financially and health wise. All these challenges emphasize the need to provide quality education which will be cost effective and will encompass all masses. Use of latest technological innovations can make this possible. Use of technologies like Distance education and language translation can provide students with education in their language and at their own pace. Making use of Unified Software engine using Software Stability Model will help in designing and building systems that are stable, scalable and long lasting. Also using these technologies the requirement for large infrastructures is largely reduced thereby reducing their cost. As imparting education using advanced technologies does not require the presence of instructor on the site, students can avail seamless education at their own convenience. This will reduce their dependency on presence of a trained facilitator. Using graphical and visual tools the quality of education received by these deprived masses can be greatly enhanced. As rapid growth in te chnological development, more and more tools and innovations can be utilized to improve quality of education distribution. To deal with the challenges faced by students in Africa we need to follow few measures to overcome them which are as follows: 1. Distance Education Distance education is a technology that aims to deliver education to students who are physically not present at the educational site. It helps students to gain access to learning material even if the educator or learning material and the learner are separated by time or distance or both. This technology is being widely used across the world by many universities and educational institutions. It provides students the freedom to study from home and study at their own convenient time. Studies prove that due to prevalent economic crisis in many countries in the African continent there is a substantial decrease in budget devoted to development of educational systems. These countries have to manage their scarce budgets to provide quality education to students. This emphasizes the need to develop educational systems that require less cost to develop and maintain but at the same time do not compromise on the quality of education. Use of technologies like Distance education which require less cost and still provide good quality of education are the key. Distance education technology will help in reaching the deprived students in Africa who either cannot attend schools due to poverty or they are living very far away from school or educational center. Schools that have substantial funds can invest in providing facilities required for distance learning like computers and internet connection. Distance education makes use of material reuse and the material can be stored for long duration so distance education does not need much infrastructure to maintain and reduce the cost of the whole educational system. Different classes of women who are otherwise deprived of any form of formal education can benefit largely from distance education facilities. Women who are housewives are required to be at home all the time can sit at home and study without causing any disturbance in their marriage and keep on taking care of their children while studying. Another group of women who are denied education because it requires face to face interaction with facilitators will greatly benefit from distance education as they can pursue education by keeping safe distance from the instructors and still access quality education. Women who are uneducated but working to provide for their family can benefit from learning at their own convenience and time. It will increase their self- esteem and also help them to enhance their career through education. This project will provide students with a website accessing which students can register and create user accounts .They can log in to these accounts and register for courses they are interested in. They can access the material that they require online and also log in to attend online classes provided on the site. The University Of South Africa (UNISA) is one such institution that provides boost to higher education. It is one of the largest institutions in the world that boasts over 120,000 registered students studying for qualifications, through the doctoral level. 2. Language Translation Languages play an important role in learning process. Many of the African countries that are multilingual are unable to access technology because of the language barrier. The language of propagation of technology is different from their native language. Hence they cannot use the services provided by these technologies. Language translation tools are tools that can be used to convert learning materials, documents and also web pages from English language into some other language of interest. If the educational and other important content available on the internet is not provided in local language then it is of no use of this information. Extensive use of any particular language in importance correspondences like government notices, tenders, and official invitations can cause ignorance about their rights among people. Language here is not only a means of communication but also has social impact. Use of language translation tools to convert learning material into native languages can remove the need for students to study a number of foreign languages. Progress of students will also be faster as the material in their native language will be easy to understand than any foreign language. Thus poor people who have very less opportunities for gaining education can make most of it. This will speed up their learning process and increase their chances of availing higher education and consequently earn better living. Uneducated population of women is one of the causes leading to population explosion in Africa. When a woman is educated she can take care of whole family and herself. Women need to be educated about day-to-day hygiene requirements and health concerns. They should be able to understand the need for proper care of babies which will help decrease infant mortality rate. Education facilities are made available to women in their native languages through use of Language Translation tools. Learning about important issues through their own mother tongue can have lasting effect on these women even if they are not very educated. This project will provide facility to translate available material in selected languages. Registered users can submit the document that they wish to get translated in any of the language available. They can then access the material in the language they are comfortable with. Among a number of organizations that provide language translation, web-lingo is one such organization based in South Africa. This organization offers both technical as well as nontechnical translation solutions to web development and software companies to translate their content into and from about 85 languages. One of their projects includes a program that runs on top of standard Microsoft Office Software. 3. Seamless Education: Seamless Education system as one that represents an integrated concept of education that stretches from early childhood through a four-year college degree .It breaks down between high school and college, academics and career/technical education and public education and the workplace. The purpose of seamless education is to prepare capable citizens, whether or not they attend school or college. So teachers align courses and create interdisciplinary projects. It is an effort to increase high school completion rates, test scores, school/college enrollment, job placements, economic conditions, family support. The key to economic development is an educated workforce. If Africans have to lead a better life they must equip their children and grandchildren with the skills needed to be educated and employed. A seamless system of education will ensure that we have an educated and prepared workforce to overcome all the challenges hindering their growth and development. Education is key to all issues. If our next generation is educated they can be employed and will work at well-paid jobs. If finance is there economic conditions, health conditions, sanitation, poverty all will certainly improve. The major challenge is to make education easily accessible to everyone in the continent. This can be very well accomplished with seamless education system. Teachers from all over world should be invited to map out which concepts should be taught and when will those be taught. The basic classes such as English language arts, mathematics, science and social studies should be must. To start with preschoolers should be encouraged. Women Education should be encouraged. Educational authorities envision a seamless education system starting with early childhood progressing through general education and training, higher and adult education. Another issue is that a large number of students enroll in fields of commerce and health science. This creates a major imbalance between arts and humanities on one hand and technology and science on the other hand. The output of graduates in fields of science and technology should increase to balance the ratio between technical and university students. It is believed that seamless education will help in improving the balance to a significant extent. Health Conditions can also improve by providing education in fields of medicine. Access to quality medicines are needed to improve health conditions. So access to get quality treatment should be in range of affordability, acceptability and physical availability. Proper training to workforce is needed to coordinate medicines management from doctor level to patient level. Unfortunately pharmacists and pharmacy support personnel are very few in Africa. Trainings are also provided but at insufficient scale. So the fundamental solution to scale up health conditions is to increase number of qualified pharmacists via higher education via seamless education system. Some of the major goals of a Seamless System can be as: Smoothing student transitions from one level of learning to the next. Closing the achievement gap between white and minority students. Balancing the ratio of technical and human science students. Strengthening relationships between families and schools. Creating a wider range of learning experiences and opportunities for students in the final two years of high school. Improving institutes readiness and success. 4. Animations and Visualizations: The challenge to provide education to students is how to educate them to have a solid impact in their learning. In layman terms, Animations, a type of optical illusion, are graphical displays that evolve overtime. ÂÂ  It could be drawing, objects, or people in various positions of additive movement. However, when played, it produces a stream of unbroken motion of images. Consisting of a series of drawings or photographs on paper, animation can be viewed with a mechanical device or flipping through hand-held sequence of images. Animations could be seen on films, video, or computers. Visualizations on other hand include static display of graphical images. Visualizations can absorb a lot of information and display in a manner so that it memorizes. ÂÂ  AnimationÂÂ  has a place in learning and instructional applications .Programs that use animations or visualizations attract student interest and offer feedback that can enhance different learning styles. Animation is a great classroom activity, allowing teachers and students to explore and develop a more creative time table in Math, Science, English and many topic areas. Being fun, creative and hands-on learning, animation encourages both teachers and students as they use simple IT practice, and is uniquely suited to all classrooms. The online centers website will be been designed to share examples, resources, ideas and approaches to animation in education. All the animation films featured will be available to students and teachers to enhance the learning process. Animation can used to provide extra help where it is needed. Content related graphics (both static and animation) and video can help improve student attitudes and motivation in certain subjects, mainly mathematics and science. Technical Feasibility of the project : All the above technologies proposed that will be used in the building of the project are available in the market. Labor requirements for the project: The project will require Senior level management including Project manager and Professional staff including Software developers and Analysts. Office staff is required to manage the centers. Physical location of the project: It will require a center where students can visit. The center must be located in Africa. Technology Requirements: Computer Hardware and Software: The project will require computer systems with latest configurations and software. A database server and networking technology to connect client and server machines is required. Also some basic systems that can be used by students to access the material and information is needed. Internet connection: High speed internet connection is required. Commercial feasibility: Funds will be acquired from Education committees that work towards development of education in Africa as well as from other developed countries that allot funds in their budgets to help educational systems in Africa. Technical Challenges: Selecting location of the education center in Africa. If no internet facility is available in remote areas, then towers will be needed for providing internet connection. Commercial Potential : The investment done in the project will help to provide quality education to students in Africa. Although there will be no tangible profit the return on our investment will be obtained by achieving development of African countries through spread of education