The Impact of Wach Tv Children

Title -The jounce of guide tv set for Children The Case of Children nonice telecasting in Ethiopia Chapter sensation 1. Introduction 1. 1 Back Ground video recording (TV) has its uncorrupted side. It ground defecate be entertaining and educational, and force out open up new worlds for kids, bountiful them a chance to travel the globe, guide astir(predicate) different cultures, and tally scene to ideas they whitethorn never encounter in their own community. Shows with a prosaically mess objet dart loafer permit a positive force-out on kids behaviour programs with positive role models washbowl influence viewing audience to make positive lifestyle changes.However, the reverse kindle also be unfeigned Kids ar credibly to learn things from TV that pargonnts dont want them to learn. TV mess dissemble kids wellness, appearance and family life in ban styles. Whether good or big(p), picture has plant its way into the lives of people all all all over the wo rld and it an consequential p dodge of life for many. Some consider it to be a long invention while differents say that it harms people and society. here(predicate) is a summary of those thoughts. Television is se parate the main or whole source of victimisation close current razets and biased or misfortunate enshrouding aro work deliver inaccurate or mis run lowing entropy and opinion.Ethiopian Television was established in 1964 with assistance from the British firm, Thomson. It was created to highlight the arranging of African Unity (OAU) meeting that took place in Addis Ababa that same year. warp idiot box broadcast began in 1982 in commemoration of the showing of Workers party of Ethiopia (WPE). The current structure and goals of ETV were established 1987 with Proclamation This research whitethorn agree general and specific ara of in Addis Ababa, baberen touch tv that its impact.The television receiver and channel clients argon increasing every day light around the urban center so, we urgency to the advant geezerhood and disadvantages in the children see tv. 1. 2 Statement of the puzzle In recent years, TV, video and DVD programs throw away come on the tradeand now compensate a cable channel for children. We dont confine it off yet what effect TV-viewing by children whitethorn have on their development. We do have intercourse that succession fatigued honoring TV replaces age spent interacting with c argivers and other children. Social interaction is critical to a childs healthy affected.A great deal is known nearly children and television, because there have been thousands of studies on the subject. explore has studied how TV affects kids residue, w viii, grades, conduct, and to a greater extent. Spending time observation TV can take time away from healthy activities give care active knead outside with friends, eating dinner to bemuseher as a family, or translateing. TV time also takes away from participatin g in sports, music, art or other activities that require practice to become skillful. Children can be exposed to programming that is not appropriate for their age.Adult themes of switch on and wildness are far too easily accessed and they destroy the innocence of children. Adults frequently put down many hours each day realiseing television to the detriment of work or family life. 1. 3 Objectives This research goal to show the impact of watching TV children among the cultural, society and school life in Addis Ababa. To show the enigma and recommend the way of protecting and minimizing the problem through awareness of the research. How fine-looking a presence is TV in kids lives? * TV viewing among kids is at an eight-year high.On average, children ages 2-5 use 32 hours a week in front of a TVwatching television, DVDs, DVR and videos, and using a game console. Kids ages 6-11 pass along more or less 28 hours a week in front of the TV. The vast bulk of this viewing (97%) is of live TV 1. * 71% of 8- to 18-year-olds have a TV in their bedroom 1a 54% have a DVD/videocassette recorder player, 37% have cable/satellite TV, and 20% have pension channels 2. * Media technology now offers much ways to access TV theme, such(prenominal) as on the Internet, cell phones and iPods.This has led to an increase in time spent viewing TV, even as TV-set viewing has declined. 41% of TV-viewing is now online, time-shifted, DVD or mobile 2a. * In nigh(predicate) two-thirds of households, the TV is usually on during meals 3. * In 53% of households of 7th- to 12th-graders, there are no rules about TV watching 4. * In 51% of households, the TV is on most of the time 5. * Kids with a TV in their bedroom spend an average of almost 1. 5 hours more than per day watching TV than kids without a TV in the bedroom. * many another(prenominal) parents encourage their toddlers to watch television. set about out more about TV in the lives of children ages zero to six. * chance ou t more about media in the lives of 8- to 18-year olds. As you can see, if your child is typical, TV is performing a very big role in their life. Here are approximately key research findings to keep in mind as you decide what kind of role you want TV to play in your family * TV viewing is probably replacing activities in your child s life that you would rather have them do (things like playing with friends 6 , universe physically active, getting fresh air, reading, playing imaginatively, doing homework 7, doing chores). Kids who spend more time watching TV (both with and without parents and siblings present) spend less time interacting with family members. 8 * Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades 8a, sleep problems, way problems, obesity, and essayy behavior. * Most childrens programming does not initiate what parents say they want their children to learn many shows are filled with stereotypes, fierce solutions to problems, and tight behavior. * Advertisers target kids, and on average, children see tens of thousands of TV commercials each year 9. This includes many ads for unhealthy snack foods and drinks.Children and youth see, on average, about 2,000 beer and wine ads on TV each year 10. * Kids see favorite characters smoking, drinking, and mixed in cozy situations and other risky behaviors in the shows and movies they watch on TV. * More on how television viewing affects children. * For more detailed information on these and other issues, read on. Does TV affect childrens brain development? With television programsand even a cable channeldesigned and marketed specifically for babies, whether kids chthonian two years of age should be watching becomes an strategic question.While we are learning more all the time about untimely brain development, we do not yet have a crown idea how television may affect it. Some studies link earlier TV viewing with later attention problems, such as ADHD. However, other experts disagree with these re sults. One force field found that TV viewing beforehand age 3 slightly hurt several measures of later cognitive development, but that in the midst of ages three and five it slightly armed serviceed reading rafts 11. The American honorary society of Pediatrics takes a better-safe-than-sorry stance on TV for young children 12. It may be tempting to put your infant or toddler in front of the television, specially to watch shows created just for children under age two. But the American Academy of Pediatrics says Dont do it These early years are crucial in a childs development. The Academy is bear on about the impact of television programming intended for children young than age two and how it could affect your childs development. Pediatricians strongly oppose targeted programming, especially when its used to market toys, games, dolls, unhealthy food and other products to toddlers.Any positive effect of television on infants and toddlers is clam up open to question, but the ben efits of parent-child interactions are proven. Under age two, clacking, singing, reading, audition to music or playing are far more important to a childs development than any TV show. In addition, TV can discourage and replace reading. Reading requires much more thinking than television, and we know that reading fosters young peoples healthy brain development. Kids from families that have the TV on a lot spend less time reading and being read to, and are less likely to be able to read 13.What about TV and aggressive or blood-red behavior? literally thousands of studies since the 1950s have asked whether there is a link between ikon to media ferocity and knock-down-and-drag-out behavior. both but 18 have answered, Yes. The demo from the research is overwhelming. According to the AAP, Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. 14 reflexion violent shows is also linked with having less empathy toward others 14a. An average American child willing see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by age 18 15. * Two-thirds of all programming pays violence 16. * Programs designed for children more often contain violence than adult TV 17. * Most violent acts go unpunished on TV and are often accompanied by humor. The consequences of homophile suffering and loss are rarely depicted. * many shows glamorize violence. TV often promotes violent acts as a fun and effective way to get what you want, without consequences 18. Even in G-rated, animated movies and DVDs, violence is commonoften as a way for the good characters to solve their problems. Every angiotensin-converting enzyme U. S. animated feature film produced between 1937and 1999 contained violence, and the amount of violence with engrossed to injure has change magnitude over the years 19. * Even good guys crush up bad guys gives a message that violence is normal and okay. Many children will try to be like their good guy heroes in their play. * Children imitate the violence they see on TV.Children under age eight cannot tell the difference between reality and fantasy, making them more threatened to learning from and adopting as reality the violence they see on TV 20. * Repeated exposure to TV violence makes children less sensitive toward its personal do on victims and the human suffering it causes. * A University of Michigan researcher demonstrate that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need 20a. Read about the study here easily Numb change Effects of Violent Media on Helping Others. Viewing TV violence reduces inhibitions and leads to more aggressive behavior. * Watching television violence can have long-term effects * A 15-year-long study by University of Michigan researchers found that the link between childhood TV-violence viewing and aggressive and violent behavior persists into adulthood 21. * A 17-year-long study f ound that teenaged boys who grew up watching more TV each day are more likely to commit acts of violence than those who watched less 22. * Even having the TV on in the home is linked to more aggressive behavior in 3-year-olds.This was irrespective of the type of programming and regardless of whether the child was actually watching the TV 23. What parents can do * According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media education can help kids become less susceptible to the bad effects of watching violent TV. Some studies have shown that kids who received media education had less violent behavior after watching violent programs. Teach your kids to be media savvy. rise up out more about media literacy. * Watch with your kids, so if the programming turns violent, you can discuss what happened to put it in a context you want your kids to learn. enjoy what your kids are watching. Decide what programs are appropriate for their age and personality, and stick to your rules. * To minify pee r pressure to watch violent shows, you may want to talk to the parents of your childs friends and agree to similar rules. * Visit YourChild Managing Television Tips for Your Family for more ideas. For more on TV violence and kids * Key Facts TV Violencea report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. * A 1993 summary of few of the research on TV violence and behavior. * Television Violence Content, Context, and Consequences. The national Television Violence Study (NTVS). * Television Violence A Review of the Effects on Children of Different Agesa 1995 70-page report and refresh of the literature. * Violence in the MediaPsychologists Help Protect Children from perverting Effects Decades of psychological research confirms that media violence can increase aggression. * Comfortably Numb Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping OthersThis study by a University of Michigan researcher demonstrates that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need. Joint Stat ement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children Congressional Public Health jacket crowna statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, American. Academy of Child & angstrom Adolescent Psychiatry, American Psychological Association, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Psychiatric Association. Can TV scare or scandalize kids? Children can come to view the world as a mean and scary place when they take violence and other disturbing themes on TV to be accurate in real life. Symptoms of being shake or upset by TV stories can include bad dreams, anxious feelings, being afraid of being alone, withdrawing from friends, and missing school. * Fears caused by TV can cause sleep problems in children 24. * Scary-looking things like grotesque monsters especially shake upen children aged two to seven. Telling them that the images arent real does not help because kids under age eight cant always tell the difference between fantasy and real ity. * Many children exposed to scary movies regret that they watched because of the intensity of their reverence reactions. Children ages 8-12 years who view violence are often frightened that they may be a victim of violence or a intrinsic disaster. * Violent threats shown on TV can cause school-aged kids (8-12) to feel fright and worry. When the threat is shown as news it creates stronger fears than when it is shown as fictional 25. How does watching television affect performance in school? * TV viewing may replace activities that we know help with school performance, such as reading, doing homework, prosecute hobbies, and getting enough sleep. * One research study found that TVs effects on education were long term.The study found that watching TV as a child affected educational achievement at age 26. Watching more TV in childhood increased chances of dropping out of school and decreased chances of getting a college degree, even after dictatorial for confounding factors 26. * Watching TV at age four was one factor found to be familiar spiritd with bullying in grade school 27. Can TV influence childrens attitudes toward themselves and others? Lets take a look at what kids see on TV, and how it can affect their beliefs about race and gender * Children learn to accept the stereotypes represented on television.After all, they see them over and over. * When non-whites are shown on TV, they tend to be stereotyped. * A review of the research on gender bias shows that the gender-biased and gender-stereotyped behaviors and attitudes that kids see on television do affect how they see male and female roles in our society. * Television and movies do not often show Asians or Asian Americans, and when they do, they function to show the diversity in Asian American culture 28. * come down women are disproportionately represented on TV.The heavier a female character, the more negative comments were made about her 29. * In 1990s commercials, white men more often were d epicted as strong, while white women were shown as hinge upon objects. African American men more often were pictured as aggressive and African American women, as inconsequential 30. * Ads for household items, like cleaning products, usually feature women 31. * G-rated movies are commonly viewed by younger childrenoften over and over on DVD, and perceived by parents as safe for little kids.However, in these movies, whether live action or animated, males are shown more than females, by three to one, they are not often shown in relationships, and do not solve problems peacefully 32. * In G-movies, characters of color are under-represented, and are usually shown as sidekicks, comic relief, or bad guys. anthropoid characters of color are more aggressive and isolated 33. * Music videos over-represent vague males as aggressors, and white females as victims, compared to actual demographic data 34. To learn more, visit the Center for Media Literacys page on Stereotyping and Representation How are children represent on TV? A study by a ag concourse called Children NOW of how children are shown on local TV news, found that 35 * some half of all stories about children focus on crime (45%). * Children score for over a quarter of the U. S. population but only 10% of all local news stories. * African American children account for more than half of all stories (61%) involving children of color, followed by Latino children (32%).Asian Pacific American and inherent American children are virtually invisible on local news. * African American boys are more likely than any other grouping to be portrayed as perpetrators of crime and violence whereas Caucasian girls are most likely to be shown as victims. Can TV affect my childs health? Yes, TV is a public health issue in several different ways. First of all, kids get dissever of information about health from TV, much of it from ads. Ads do not generally give true or balanced information about healthy lifestyles and food cho ices.The majority of children who watch health-related commercials believe what the ads say. Second, watching lots of television can lead to childhood obesity and toilsome. Finally, TV can promote risky behavior, such as try dangerous stunts, substance use and abuse, and irresponsible intimate behavior. Children who watch more TV are more likely to be overweight * University of Michigan researchers found that just being awake and in the room with the TV on more than two hours a day was a risk factor for being overweight at ages three and four-and-a-half. 34 * The effects can carry on into adult weight problems.Weekend TV viewing in early childhood affects body mass list (BMI), or overweight in adulthood. 35 * University of Michigan researchers and their colleagues who investigated whether diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior or television viewing predicted body mass index (BMI) among 3- to 7-year-old children, found that physical activity and TV viewing are most associate d with overweight risk. TV was a bigger factor than diet. Inactivity and TV became stronger predictors as the children aged 36. * Children who watch TV are more likely to be inactive and tend to snack while watching TV. Many TV ads encourage unhealthy eating habits. Two-thirds of the 20,000 TV ads an average child sees each year are for food and most are for high-sugar foods. After-school TV ads target children with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, like fast food and sugary drinks 37, 38. * All television shows, even educational non-commercial shows, replace physical activity in your childs life. * While watching TV, the metabolic rate seems to go even frown than during rest 39. This means that a person would burn fewer calories while watching TV than when just sitting quietly, doing secret code. The food and beverage industriousness targets children with their television marketing, which may include commercials, product placement, and character licensing. Most of the produc ts pushed on kids are high in total calories, sugars, salt, and fat, and low in nutrients 40. * Children watching Spanish-language TV after school and in the evening see lots of ads for food and drink. Much of it targets kids and most of the ads are for unhealthy foods like dulcorate drinks and fast food. This advertising may play a role in the high risk of overweight in Latino kids 40a. Results from recent studies have reported success in reducing excess weight achieve in preadolescents by restricting TV viewing 41. Childhood TV habits are a risk factor for many adult health problems * One study looked at adults at age 26, and how much TV they had watched as children. Researchers found that 17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of smoking, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 hours a day during childhood and adolescence. This was after controlling for confounding variables 42. Children may attempt to mimic stunts seen on TV Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior. * Kids have been injured trying to repeat dangerous stunts they have seen on television shows. * Many kids watch TV clean events. Researchers surveyed TV sports event ads to assess what kids might be seeing. Almost half of all commercial breaks during sporting events contained at least one ad that showed unsafe behavior or violence 43. Watching TV can cause sleep problems * Television viewing is associated with change sleep patterns and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Regular sleep schedules are an important part of healthy sleep. A recent study found that infants and toddlers who watch TV have more irregular sleep schedules. More research is indispensable to find out whether the TV viewing is the cause 44. * Those sleep disturbances may persist. Teens who watched three or more hours of TV per day had higher risk of sleep prob lems by early adulthood 45. * Find out more in this research brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation Childrens Media Use and sopor Problems Issues and Unanswered Questions. TV viewing may promote inebriant use The presence of alcohol on TV runs the gamut from drinking or public lecture about drinking on prime-time shows, to beer ads, to logos displayed at sporting events. * Many studies have shown that alcoholic drinks are the most common beverage portrayed on TV, and that they are almost never shown in a negative light. * Recent studies have shown that exposure to drinking in movies increases the likelihood that viewers themselves will have positive thoughts about drinking 45a. * Alcohol has negatively charged effects on young peoples developing brainsand the malign can be permanent.TV ads are a major factor in normalizing alcohol use in the minds of children, adolescents and college students 46. * Ads for alcohol portray people as being happier, sexier, and more successful wh en they drink. Alcohol advertising, including TV ads, contributes to an increase in drinking among youth 47. * Television ads for alcohol, such as alcopop, which combine the unused taste of soda pop in a liquor-branded malt beverage, may target youth, especially girls and Hispanic and African American kids 47a. The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) at Georgetown University found that in 2003, the eyeshade 15 prime time programs most popular with teens all had alcohol ads 48. * Alcohol is increasingly advertised during programs that young people are more likely to watch than people of legal drinking age 49. Kids who watch TV are more likely to smoke * Even though tobacco ads are banned on TV, young people still see people smoking on programs and movies shown on television. The tobacco persistence uses product placement in films.Smoking in movies increased throughout the mid-nineties 50 . * Internal tobacco industry documents show that the tobacco industry purposefully m arkets their product to youth. The industry uses subtle strategies like logos at sporting events, product placement, and celebrities smoking to get around the ban on TV advertising for their products 51 . * Kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age. The relationship between television viewing and age of first smoking was stronger than that of peer smoking, parental smoking, and gender 52. Recent research has shown that exposure to smoking in movie characters increases the likelihood that viewers will associate themselves with smoking 52a. * Find out more about kids and tobacco. Kids get lots of information about sexuality from television * Most parents dont talk to their kids about sex and relationships, birth control and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Most schools do not offer complete sex education programs. So kids get much of their information about sex from TV. * Kids are probably not learning what their parents would like them to learn about sex from TV. * Sexual content is a real presence on TV.Soap operas, music videos, prime time shows and advertisements all contain lots of sexual content, but usually nothing about contraception or safer sex. * The number of sex scenes on TV has nearly doubled since 1998, with 70% of the top 20 most-watched shows by teens including sexual content 53. Fifteen percent of scenes with sexual intercourse depict characters that have just met having sex. Of the shows with sexual content, an average of five scenes per hour involves sex. * Watching sex on TV increases the chances a teen will have sex, and may cause teens to start having sex at younger ages.Even viewing shows with characters talking about sex increases the likelihood of sexual initiation 54. (Read more about this study. ) * Watching sexual content on TV is linked to decent pregnant or being responsible for a maternalism. Researchers found that even after controlling for other risk factors, the chance of teen pregnancy went up with more ex posure to sex on television 55. * On the flip side, TV has the potential to both educate teens, and foster news with parents. Watch with your kids, and use the sexual content on TV as a jumping-off point to talk with your teen about sex, responsible behavior and safety. To find out more, read * The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Parent summon on Sex, the Media and Your Child * The AAP s policy statement on Sexuality, contraceptive method and the Media How can I find out more about kids and TV? Here are some websites with helpful information * The Smart Parents assume to Kids TVfrom the AAP. * Guia para Ver la Television en Familia, a Spanish publication from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). * Guidelines for Rating Childrens Television, a guideline from PBS Ready To Learn. * Pautas para la evaluacion de los programas de television para ninos, the above guideline, in Spanish. Special issues for young children (2-11 years) and Special issues for teens addre ss some developmental issues. * Talking with kids about the news10 tips for parents. * The Federal chat Commissions (FCC) page on childrens educational TV. Visit these related topics on YourChild * Managing Television Tips for Your Family * Media and Media Literacy * Video Games * The Internet * Obesity * Sleep Problems * Reading What are some organizations that work on issues around kids and TV? * The Center for Media Literacy believes in authority through educationthat kids need to learn how to think critically about TV and other media. Media Awareness Network is a Canadian group with a wealth of information for parents. * The Center for Screentime Awareness sponsors National TV Turn-Off Week each year. Future TV Turn-Off Weeks are in resound and Fall April 19-25, 2010 & September 19-25, 2010. TV-Turnoff Week is supported by over 70 national organizations including the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, National Education Association, and President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. References Written and compiled by Kyla Boyse, RN. Reviewed by Brad Bushman, PhD