Plagiarism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism - Article ExampleUnlike a few years ago, lecturers ar today implementing more stringent measures to discourage students from indulging in plagiarization. They making efforts to sensitize students on the dangers associated with plagiarism and the repercussions one risks facing if found plagiarizing. As a result of this, many students in my other forkes be vigilant and abide by the rules of plagiarism (Gilmore 73). thither are a number of indicators that confirm this assertion. For instance, to the highest degree lectures insist that students turn in their assignments through Turnitin. The Turnitin system detects any form of plagiarism in a paper and rejects papers that have high percentages of plagiarism. The item that most students do well in class assignment is an implication that they avoid plagiarism because it is only those assignments forwarded through Turnitin that are marked (Gilmore 73).Despite the fact that stern measures are being implemented to discourage p lagiarism amongst students, there are some students who nonwithstanding engage in this act. Such students ought to be punished accordingly because they are undermining the quality of education that has gone(a) down considerably in the past few years. First of all, students who still plagiarize their work in spite of the widespread campaign against the malice should not be awarded marks for their plagiarized assignments. This is because they do not deserve the marks. Culprits should not be left at that. Their cases should be forwarded to the schools disciplinary citizens committee for further disciplinary actions. They should perhaps be suspended from school for some time (Gilmore 97).The punishment should be universal for students who plagiarize content above fifty percent of the entire assignment. However, percentages below 50% crapper be treated fairly and perhaps be awarded zero marks but their perpetrators should be exempted from suspension. There have been concerns of whet her

The UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force. Is this an Essay

The UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force. Is this an absolute prohibition era Discuss and critically evaluate the limi - Essay ExampleBefore acting so, the states brace considered that the scourgeists pose internationalistic security threats to the world as a whole. Therefore they expect cooperation from the international community to help them combat terrorists2. The clause in the charter that condemns the use of force is therefore undermined and not adhered. However there umteen challenge the UN body is experiencing so many challenges that keeping to the clauses of the charter. The charter was initiated to ensure disarmation and proliferation. Even though the measures have been put to into writing but no countries are adhering to them. This paper finds out whether the UN charter has a readying that allow countries to respond to struggles from terror groups is not unsnarl. After the attacks on the United States, famously know as the September 11 2001 attacks or s imply 9/11 attacks the UN Security Council immediately changes the rules in the next day3. The council recognised the inherent right of individual and collective self-defence as provided in the charter. This came to be known as the Security Council resolution 1368 (2001). The changes led to the reaffirmation on the state defence. The limits of use of force had been passed. Countries mark off a very easily lesson from the events in the United States and they soon started working on weapons to protect themselves. The lonesome(prenominal) question that needs to be answered is the are the countries really going to stick the original provisions in the charter? The limits of the use of force had been passed as it is now clear that countries cannot sit back and watch be provoked by any state. The other example is the Russian case. In alliance with some particle states, it argued that use of force was only necessary if actual combat provocation was launched against a nation. United s tate and the United States had different views. They adopted that use of force was necessary in the event that an imminent attack on any country seemed so obvious. When the countries after the September eleven attacks on use, they adopted the coupled nations general assembly resolution 60/1. This was also known as the 2005 world crown outcome. This meeting to the astonishment of many did not touch on the issue of self-defence. From this argument, it is now clear that the use of force is never a prohibition. Countries are never limited to use force. Kenya is another good example. They could not risk the outlawed militia, alshabaab to pose security threats to their country. They sent their defence forces and invaded Somali to fight the terror group. Humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect Most of the superpowers have been the proponent in opposing the kind-hearted right activists on invention to the use of force. They claim that many innocent lives are lost. Thi s claim came into contrive when safe havens were constructed in Iraq (northern) in 1991. This was the factor behind the marking the zones that were not to be used aircrafts. This was lauded to a greater extent in Kosovo events where was a humanitarian crisis. The most elaborate was the 7th October 1998 of NATO a) That it is objectively clear that there is no practicable alternative to use of force if lives are to be saved4 b) That there is convincing evidence, generally recognised by the international community as a whole of extreme humanitarian distress on a large scale, requiring

MSc Product Design Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

MSc Product Design Analysis - Assignment Example1441). In its broadest sense, out-of-door conquer systems also include those systems that rely on the use of extended physical go steady links (i.e., using a physical link such as cables or wires and other similar conductors). more typically, however, the phrase is employ to refer to wireless connections. There be four important kinds of remote dominate systems in common use wireless control, infr bed light remote control, remote-handling equipment, and telemetry (Cavendish, 2006). radio receiver control technology Radio control is the most common type of remote control, and at times the two terms are used interchangeably. As the term implies, this is a way of directing the operation of virtuoso or several(prenominal)(prenominal) devices from some distance away, through the use of radio waves. There are single-channel and multichannel control equipment. single channel equipment are designed to control only one character, whi le multichannel equipment can control several functions (Cavendish, 2006). The single-channel radio control is comprised of a transmitter, a relay, and an actuator or escapement. The transmitter is the device that sends a constant-frequency radio signal when its keying switch is moved. The signal is detected by the receiver and then amplified, triggering the relay which activates the actuator. It is the actuator that executes the single function command which the operator desires to be done. Because the single channel control can only operate one function, it is rather limited and operates basically by switching the function on and off (Cavendish, 2006). The multichannel radio control system, on the other hand, is designed to handle more than one function. Early models used tone transmitters that produced up to 12 ultrasonic tones today, however, multichannel RC systems use digital pulsing systems which are more reliable and precise and wherefore provide for finer control than tone transmitters. When the transmitter is switched on, it produces a series of pulses continuously. The message is encoded in the spaces amidst pulses the signal containing the pulses is received and amplified by the receiver, after which it is passed on to a decoder (Cavendish, 2006). Infrared remote control On the other hand, infrared remote control is probably the most familiar because it is widely used in a home setting, for operating electrical entertainment systems and similar devices. Infrared RC uses pulses of invisible infrared light as the medium of control unlike radio control, it is important that infrared transmitters have a line-of-sight path to the sensor on the device being controlled. One characteristic of infrared is that it may leaping off walls, but not penetrate them (Cavendish, 2006). Upon depressing a button on an infrared remote-control handset, a microchip in it activates a signal to which the button relates. The signal is amplified by transistors and move to a light-emitting junction rectifier (LED) that translates the signal to infrared light. The LED is located at the handsets front, so the light that is generated is sent to the device where a sensor detects it and prompts the desired action (Cavendish, 2006). Other forms of remote control devices There are devices that are

International Business Globalization and Trade, Multinational Research Paper

International Business Globalization and Trade, Multinational Enterprise - question Paper Example china and India argon becoming economic giants and this evident by the way their products are competing perfectively with goods from developed countries like the U.S, UK, and Germany. The two nations have embraced economic introduction system which advocates for producing more for less. The frugal cunning helps in cutting take cost of end product and this has been an added advantage to Companies operating in the two forthcoming economic superpowers. (Urata and Chia et al., 2006). Factors leading to Economic growth in Asian States Innovation is the application of improved solutions which piece the new requirements, inarticulate needs or the existing market needs. This is achieved through more effective products, processes, services, technologies or ideas which are readily available to markets, governments and society. This is happening in Asia where China and India have decided to end create country life and join the group of developed countries. Frugal insane asylum has been highly used in China and India. Frugal cosmos is the process of reducing the complexity and cost of production of a product. This physique of innovation helps firms in growing at a faster rate by reducing production cost. Frugal innovation has made many firms in Asia to have a competitive advantage (Mason, 2001). resign innovation is the kind of innovation used by most of the developing countries. This is a kind of innovation whereby goods developed as inexpensive models to meet the needs of the developing nations. (Govindarajan and Trimble, 2012). Jugaad invention is in full array in both China and India. This is a process of improvising production materials due to lack of enough resources for production. China and India have been using and producing their products using their local readily available resources. These forms of innovations used by the two Asian nations has played a big role in product development (Radjou and Prabhu et al., 2012). China and India incorporated globalization in their system. This process has helped the two nations in borrowing technology from developed countries and use them in the production of high-quality affordable products. Frugal innovation in Asia The origin of Frugal Innovation Using the concept of innovation, frugal innovation develops on the theories of movements and capabilities that have been there before. Frugal innovation can be traced back from the hold technology movement. This was as a result of a publication by Schumer in 1975 with the topic, Small is delightful Economics as if People Mattered this was aimed in campaigning the local development of low technology, labour-intensive, environmentally technologies as the substitute to depending on technology- transfer from developed countries. After growing as a global movement, the attractor of the intermediate which later became appropriate technology sends a w arning message, for it was increasing the implications of second class quality. collectible to threats like environmental challenges due to ozone layer depletion, the appropriate technology was overtaken by sustainable development which agonistic countries like China and India to come up with ways of growing their economy (Bound & Thortin 2012). The evolution of frugal innovation was influenced by several factors. The factors included social movements which helped in the globalization of science technology and innovation. There was the availableness of technology for the two countries had tapped it from some developing countries. The growth of the private sector increased networking of the global innovation system as multinational firms explored new locations for R&D.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - Lab make known ExampleThe most common cause of food poisoning is bacteria. These bacteria cause symptoms such as vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, diarrhoea, fever or a combination of the above. Some food poisoning bacteria green goddess cause death. Under the right environmental conditions, that is, warmth, food, moisture and time, bacteria can multiply through mitosis where star can split into two in every 10-20 minutes. bacterium grow at temperatures between 5 and 63 OC and thrives at temperatures of about 37C. Dried foods have a longer shelf vivification because bacteria needs moisture to grow. High levels of sugar or salt and acid is unconducive for the growth of bacteria. Bacteria also prefers foods that be high in protein and moisture. These high risk foods include meat, poultry, eggs and fish.There are various types of food poisoning bacteria with each having own food sources. Salmonella is found in galore(postnominal) types of raw meat, Listeria is found in raw poultry and other meats, Escherichia coli is found in raw meat, clostridia perfringens is found in raw meat, vegetables, herbs and spices, while staphylococcus aureus is obtained from food handlers. (Ridgewell, 2001).In the early 1980s, the number of record human cases of Salmonella enterica rose to over 10,000 cases in the UK, then increased for 20 years in England and Wales to a peak of 33,000 cases in 1997 (Cogan & Humprey, 2003). From 1998, the number has been decreasing till date. However, according to (Public Health England, 2014) there was an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that caused iii deaths and an outbreak of 247 cases from 158 on 15th of August 2014. There were 99 cases in Hampshire, 39 in Cheshire, 30 in London and 54 in the West Midlands. Salmonella Enteritidis is a bacterium that causes gastrointestinal illness and is much associated with poultry and eggs.Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae and are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative ba cilli. Salmonella has an incubation

(a) How successful have the American Government and the U.S. Federal Essay - 1

(a) How successful have the American Government and the U.S. Federal Reserve been in running the American parsimony over the last - Essay ExampleTwo years later, the economy is improving but remains volatile (Anderson, 2008). This paper identifies self-importance correcting mechanism within the economy that could attend to stabilize the economy. Moreover, this paper describes fiscal policy that can be used by the government to function mitigate the impact of the recession. The middle class continues to shrink as the gap between the rich and the scant(p) continues to widen. These ar all signs of a recessive gap in the economy (Anderson, 2008). Although the U.S. economy has bounced back, it has yet to devote equilibrium and still runs on a large budget deficit. This paper will analyze secernate market indicators before identifying if the response by the American Government and the Federal Reserve was sufficient. The first fundamental indicator of the economy is the consumer pri ce index. The consumer price index is a measure in the changes of price levels of consumer goods and services purchased per capita (Zeleny, 2011). The CPI measure the prices of the market basket of goods that are around sold and used by consumers. The graph beneath is an illustration of the 2011 Consumer Price index from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. On average, this graph indicates that prices rose across the board. This could be an indicator of increasing interest rates. When the dollar is devalued, businesses tend to increase their prices. This graph specifically focuses on the major(ip) foods and beverages which are a part of the primary market basket items. While prices have risen for the most part, the efforts taken by the government and the Federal Reserve have softened the impact of the recession (Anderson, 2008). In terms of the economy, Adam Smith proposed the theory of the invisible hand in his work entitled The riches of Nations. In this book, Smith proposed that a capitalist economy is guided by an invisible hand that self corrects for both inflationary and recessionary gaps (Hodgson, 2007). Specifically, a recessionary gap indicates that all available resources are not being utilized. That is to say that the economy is operating below its most optimal level and is consequentially inefficient. In order to correct for this, the short-term aggregate supply curve must move to the right piecemeal towards equilibrium because of the underutilization of labor. This means that unemployment rates are higher than the actual percentage. The consequence of this is that the cost of labor is control down, which increases access to employment. If the government deems it necessary to intervene in the economy then they are likely to utilize fiscal policy to correct recessionary gaps. Fiscal policy is primarily accessed through the use of revenue and government spending. The government can increase the amount of available income for individuals by decrea sing taxes. This in daily round increases consumer spending which is a factor in calculating the GDP. If consumers are able to consume more, that means that producers are able to sell more goods which could in turn lead to the creation of more jobs. Another exercise the government can take is the increase of transfer payments. Individuals receiving transfer payments will have more disposable income which means they will consume more goods (Hodgson, 2007). Business confidence is another factor indicating that the economy is demonstrate signs of survival. A program that was recently implement was Cash for

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Reflection Paper - Essay ExampleUp to this point in time, including this very moment, the roman letters Catholic Church is undergoing many an(prenominal) changes as secular culture continuously challenges the church to go up with the signs of the times. We find the church moving in various directions as a result of the many cultures and sub-cultures in America that need attention. It is so important for the church to adopt ways, strategies and techniques so that the mission that was hand down from Christ through the Apostles will be carried out to the end. As a contemporary Roman Catholic priest in todays America, my vision is to lead my jalopy to the concept of holiness and holiness reflected in these ideas.I hope to live up to the vision of our founder and lead the raft based on the work that was handed down to me by our brothers as it is shaped and defined by the modern era. I will continually seek innovative ways, strategies and techniques to achieve the social, political , economical, religious, institutional and personal goals of the exclusive members of my flock in keeping with the traditional values and beliefs of our order. Considering these goals, I am recognizing that each one of us is affected one way or the other by those around us and this will be a major challenge. My own vision of the piety and holiness to which I want to lead my flock is that it must first be based on the personal, social, political, emotional, cultural, intellectual and religious background of what I pass had experienced throughout the course of my life. This will not be easy as my experiences here in America are an ongoing learning experience culturally and mentally. It will require consistent upbraiding and self-understanding. However, in understanding these things, it is very crucial to consider and internalize the many changes experienced in two the American culture and the Catholic Church on a

Illegal domestic workers and their legal options Essay

Illegal interior(prenominal) peeers and their legal options - Essay ExampleUndocumented workers and their plight. Undocumented workers be increasingly subjected to a variety of injustices. include in this is the fact that the unregistered worker pays into mixer security and medicare, yet does not receive the benefits from these programs. gibe to Porter (2005), undocumented workers pay a variety of payroll taxes which contribute to the overall solvency of both the medicare and the social security benefits, but, since they are undocumented, they are not entitled to collect these benefits. One of the reasons why they contribute, yet cannot collect, is that they occupy a fake social security number, whence the employer must withhold payroll taxes for these workers. However, since they have a fake social security number, they cannot collect these benefits. Moreover, Porter (2005) states that, even if these workers were aware of what their employers withhold from them, many of them are not aware of the reasons why these wages are withheld. ... This means that an prohibited alien with the same education, work experience and language proficiency as a documented worker will make 22% less than that documented worker, if the worker is a male, and 36% less if the worker is a female. Moreover, Mehta (2002) found that the undocumented workers in his study are more liable to work in unsafe conditions than the documented workers in his study, and that the undocumented workers were less likely to have health insurance. Moreover, these workers also do not have addition to medicare or medicaid, therefore they do not, by and large, have access to health care at all. As far as unsafe conditions go, undocumented workers are more likely to report that they operate machinery without correct training. They are also more likely, according to Mehta (2002), to report that they are working in unsanitary conditions, therefore they are more likely to get sick because they are work ing in these conditions. Mehta (2002) also states that undocumented workers are more likely to slip and fall on the job. And, if these undocumented workers do get endure on the job, they are less likely to obtain workers compensation benefits, and, even if they kick in for workers compensation benefits, they are less likely, than documented workers, to actually obtain these benefits. Lee (2010) states that illegal immigrants are also the target of discriminatory laws. He cites federal official laws which state that illegal immigrants cannot access federal benefits, and state laws which states that illegal immigrants cannot access public schooling, either secondary, elementary or post-secondary. There was even a law in Texas, pending, which states that the children of undocumented individuals in

Iran and Its Pursuit Of Nuclear weapons Research Paper

Iran and Its Pursuit Of Nuclear weapons - Research report card ExampleAs such, the Iranian government continued with their projects to generate energy meant to serve its population that was more than 75 million, where semipolitical and other aspects took over the thinking portion over atomic technology. Following this, political forces came into being, where they viewed thermonuclear technology as more than a technology meant to generate energy and power for its people. This became the madcap force away from mere energy production and into production of nuclear weapons, a project that the States and other world powers are against. Estimates to nuclear capability in recent times show that Iran stands a good chance to develop their uranium and include it in the production of weapons of mass destruction. This is especially so for nuclear weapons, as there is evidence in recent suggesting that the country stands a chance to pose uranium enrichment. Reasons for the pursuit of nucle ar weaponry by Iran lie in the attempts by Ameri fecal matter to trim back their opinions and ideologies on Iranians through their support for their initial nuclear project. This created the idea that the Iranians were being sidelined in their own consume and in their own projects in that to them the Americans intended to take over that which belonged to them. With this in mind, the main cause that can be attributed to the deviation from the original plan can be seen in the prisoners of insecurity. This is because with nuclear power, where power stands for nuclear capability in weapons, the Iranians stand a chance to switch power to eliminate threats and not be victims of world powers influencing them. In addition, the move from nuclear power to pursuits of nuclear weapons can be attributed to an aspiration of prestige, where Iran and Iraq have a bitter rivalry for the control or power in the Persian Gulf piece (Dorraj 326). With nuclear capabilities, Iran stands a chance to ove rcome other regional and international powers, where it can manage to do its way into and out of deals that are not suitable. This also translates to international recognition as a nuclear arsenal has helped some countries into positions of power on an international scale as it also depicts the presence of proficient advancement. The reasons for Iran having pursuits for nuclear weapons can therefore be attributed to image of Iran towards the outside world and the international community, as thoroughly as the state of security of the country from external forces. The consequences of Iran and its pursuits of nuclear weapons have been sanctions against Iran, where policy makers have been formulating sanctions to mark the spread of the nuclear pursuits and prevent its development. Sanctions have been employed by the US, where it has used its foreign policy to get wind that it threatens Iran against developing nuclear weapons, where its economic ability has been the main weapon. As a result, the United States has sanctioned Iran by curtailing political, economic and diplomatic relations as it is considered to use its nuclear capabilities to fund and support terrorist activities, as well as oppose Israel (Cohen 10). The sanctions, however, have not worked to ensure that the pursuit ceases as the sanctioned aspects of Iran have been interpreted over by other countries that have sought to take over that which ten Americans and other countries t

Alan Firmin Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alan Firmin Ltd - Essay Example some other form of strategy may involve availability of large warehouses to take goods closer to customers. This assists in strip down the cost of operation and subsequently increasing profits. Alan Firmin Ltd explains what committee, vision, goals, objectives, and core competencies are. In around companies, it is difficult to dissever between missions and visions. However, the two have a difference if one does a proper analysis. While the mission focus on what the business intends to do currently, vision focus on future achievements. For instance. Alan Firmin Ltd has a main mission of delivery goods and services to the customers at the right time while mitigating environmental pollution. Its vision has been to obtain a global transport and logistics company. barely vision is an extension of the main mission of the company. In most cases, companies may have missions but no vision (Fahey 1999, p.87). To achieve the mission of the company, objecti ves and goals become imperative. Objectives objective ship canal or strategies, which the business must use to reach the mission of the business. Objectives are related to goals with only elision being that the latter are more refined and specific to the mission of the company. ... Question 2 strategic planning is a long process involved in focusing on the overall sagaciousness of the company. The main questions are what needs to be done, why, to whom and when? the aim is to make the company more effective and competitive in the market. It is the process where rational objectives are highlighted to assist in achieving the mission and vision of the company. Question 3 The SWOT analysis and PESTEL are the most suitable planning techniques or tools used to achieve the strategies. In the first category, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the business are analyzed. Under this, the competitor analysis for instance can provide a company with strategies needed to ma ke the business more competent. PESTEL involves the analysis of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors, which may affect a business. Question 4 The economic downturn has contributed to numerous challenges within the world of business. For the 2007/2008 economic depression prompted many companies to downsize in order to reduce the cost of operation. On the other hand, companies had to reduce the scope of their businesses due to cut back revenue. However, companies should go beyond their normal business activities and include others that are closely related (Lorenzen 2006, p.56). The selected business activities however must reduce the cost of operation and increase the business revenue. For the purpose of this company, two main activities ought to be included within the strategic structure. Outsourcing and construction of large warehouses are the two main activities proposed. The two persist an important role of providing the business with a c ompetitive edge over its main competitors. The

Economic comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic comparison - query Paper ExampleImmigration was totally restricted and farming was the main occupation there that time. The completion of 1900 1910 saw a fall and increase in unemployment. The average unemployment in the outcome was 1406 (000s), which indicate a decrease in unemployment. The office of non-farm employees in the work force was on an average of 7%. The percentage of farm employees was decreased by 1910, which shows that farming activity had increased that time. According to the Historical Statistics of the US 1890-1929, the gross domestic product in1910 was around 600 billion. From 1900 -1910 the real gross domestic product growth increased, whereas at the beginning of 1910, the GDP recorded a orderly decrease. The early 1930s was a period of great natural depression and the production of goods and services plunged. (Chantrill para. 1). The place of inflation estimate provided by the US department of labor (Bureau of labor statistics) in 1910 was 3.7%, go in 1920 it was 15.6%. The emergency brake Quota Act was passed in US parliament in May 1921 and this restricted free immigration into the US. Until that period immigration was on a large scale in the state. Four groups existed in the labor food market in the US in the 1900-1910 era and they consisted of workers from the American federation of labor, knights of labor and the unorganized labor. These groups opposed unrestricted immigration into the US, which created less employment opportunities for the Native Americans. Since 1900, the unemployment rate has fluctuated widely, rising during contractions and failing during expansions. During the great depression of the 1930s, the rate hiked to 25% (McEachem 2009, p. 465). Comparison of 1910 with the Present US Economy Todays US economy is a very developed and established economy, even though economic recessions have caused a setback to the nation. equivalence the year 1910 with the present day, the economic development of the nation has grown by leaps and bounds. Although, the US GDP has experience an uncertain trend especially during the times of economic recession, but it always shows signs of fast economic recovery. The 1910s was a decade of great change for America. It was during this decade that the United States was first considered a world leader (America 1910 1920 The bar of Innocence 1910). A data chart released by Bureau of economic analysis points out that in the third quarter of 2011 the US economy showed a GDP annual increase of 2%, while in the second quarter the real GDP increase was 1.3%. Comparing the US economy of 1910-1920 with the present, it shows that the GDP rate has shown both an increasing as well as decreasing trend. The period of economic depression of 1930s witnessed a fall in GDP. Similarly the period between 1956-1960 also saw a decrease in the GDP. The 1980s also witnessed a fall in GDP. After that period the modish recession of 2007 has also brought an uncertain trend in the GDP of the US economy. World developments had also play a considerable influence on the US economy, especially the two world wars. Unemployment also experient a very high increase in times, when the GDP was high. But during the periods of recession unemployment cropped up in high numbers. An increase in unemployment and an increase in inflation, especially of food products also had negative clash on the GDP of the nation. Even though there were employment opport

Analyse a company and introduce a new product Essay

Analyse a high society and introduce a new product - Essay ExampleThe external environmental factors or the macro factors include refractory factors such as the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors (Porter, 2008, p.221). Ford should pay close attention to these factors while formulating crinkle in domestic as well as foreign countries. The company is likely to adopt focussed target merchandise strategy by targeting the 21-50 age group people having middle to income living in the urban cities. Introduction A marketing plan is a significant part of an overall business plan. A well organize marketing strategy is the base of a well-written marketing plan (Westwood, 2002, p.3). A marketing plan includes a list of several actions. Without a sound strategic establishment marketing plan is ineffective. A good marketing plan is important in business as it helps to authorisation the overall business and helps the business to steer towards profit. T he purpose of a marketing plan is to set the care for a business in order to promote it. Moreover, a well-written marketing plan helps to build a customer base and determine opportunities in order to make profit (Csb, 2011, p.63). Ford Motor phoner is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn. The organization was founded in the year 1903. The organization used to address commercial vehicles and locomotes under the brand name of Ford and luxury cars under the brand name Lincoln. Employee saturation of this organization is more than 164,000. The aim and objective of Ford motor company is to sell automobiles and make the customers satisfied. Moreover, they incline to make profit for all the stakeholders. Therefore, they can provide jobs for thousands of workers. Qualified and standard young and middle hoary people are the significant eligible customers of Ford motor company. It is worlds third largest automobile company operating in US, Europe and the countr ies of Asia Pacific. Mission tale Mission statement of a company contains the aims and value of an organization. The mission statement of Ford Motor Company is that the organization is a global and various(a) family with a pompous heritage. The organization has passionately committed to offering outstanding goods and services (Ford, 2013, p.1). financial Statement A fiscal statement is a recognized record of financial activities of a business. For an organization or business enterprise, all the appropriate financial information is used to present in a structured formulation in order to make people easily understand are called as financial statement (Palepu, 2007, p.6). A financial statement offers different kind of financial information to the investors and creditors. It helps them to evaluate the financial stability and performance of an organization. Ford Motor Company has reported a pre-tax profit of 1.7 billion US dollar in 2012. In 2012 the sales of Ford Motor Company went up by 7% comparing to the year 2011. Total 1.14 million vehicles have been sold. The US sales number in 2012 was 2,250,165 (Finance, 2013, p.1). The Financial Statement for Ford Motor Company in the year 2012 has been highlighted below. Income Statement (Finance, 2013,

Criminal Punishment Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Criminal punishment Program - Research Paper ExampleIn June 1972, Furman v. Georgia reduced the support for finish penalisation, when the arbitrary coquette held capital punishment to be unconstitutional and voided 40 close penalty statutes. Several more(prenominal) rulings questioned the constitutionality of capital punishment, though many states continue the program. This paper discusses the history and outcomes of death penalty in the U.S. It alike uses applicable criminological theories that help explain the different results of capital punishment programs. Despite scholarly depict and arguments that showed that death penalty does not deter the incidence of violent crimes, majority of Ameri screws continue to support it and new(prenominal) studies prove its deterrence. History of Death Penalty in the United States The first death penalty laws can be dated to eighteenth century B.C. in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which applied the death penalty for twenty-five kinds of crimes. Britain influenced American death penalty because the English brought this program with them to the New World. The first person who was put to death through capital punishment was Captain George Kendall in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1608 (DPIC, 2013). Kendall was put to death for existence a spy for Spain. The abolition movement for death penalty began during the colonial times too. Montesquieu, Voltaire and Bentham wrote against it, although the most great(p) opposition came from Cesare Beccarias 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment (DPIC, 2013). Beccaria argued that no one can justify the states execution of human lives. Throughout the nineteenth century, death penalty witnessed different reforms, aside from abolition in some states. Instead of being applied in all crimes, for instance, it was applied to capital crimes in a number of states. After the Civil War, new means of execution developed. The electric chair was developed and utilise at the end of the nineteenth century. New York made its first electric chair, which was first used on William Kemmler (DPIC, 2013). Other states followed this technology. The early and middle twentieth century witnessed the ups and downs of the capital punishment program. From 1907 to 1917, six states banned the death penalty, while three reduced it to cases concerning treason and first degree murder of a law enforcement ordained (DPIC, 2013). These reforms were cut short because of the Russian Revolution and World War I, where five of the six abolitionist states reapplied death penalty in 1920. The 1960s and the 1970s tested the constitutionality of the capital punishment program. In 1958, the Supreme Court ruled in Trop v. Dulles (356 U.S. 86) that the Eighth Amendment embodied an evolving standard of decency that marked the progress of a maturing indian lodge (DPIC, 2013). In 1972, Furman v. Georgia, Jackson v. Georgia, and Branch v. Texas led to the Supreme Court asserting that death pen alty is arbitrary. In Furman, the Supreme Court created the standard that a punishment would be cruel and unusual, if it was too severe for the crime, if it was capricious, if it pique societys sense of justice, or it if was not more effective than a less harsh penalty (DPIC, 2013). At present, the United States numbers of death sentences are gradually falling from 300 in 1998 to 106 in 2009 (DPIC, 2013). though execution rates are declining, Gallup poll shows that the majority of Americans continue to favor capital punishment. In its 2012 survey, 63% of those surveyed supported death penalty

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information Society Essay

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information golf-club Illustrate your answer by offering examples from the media a - Essay ExampleICT has proven its worth for providing scotch developments, improving the quality of subsisting, opening employment opportunities, and linking peck no matter where they may be situated in the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not one can argue that passel live in an all-inclusive Information Society. Hence, it pull up stakes dig into details such as the downplay of the lucrework baseball club, the definition and facts about all-inclusive reading society, some issues that surround it, the influence of media and other communication theory industries, and the arguments, advantages, and disadvantages of the issue in focus. Background of All-inclusive Information Society The e-inclusion policy of Europe aims to lessen disparities when it comes to ICT function among any single person despite social status. Thi s policy wishes to create an all-inclusive information society, too cognise as the network society wherein everyone can create their own opportunities in business, education, and employment by being able to access reliable information through the different tools and services provided by ICT good (International Telecommunication Union 2012). Manuel Castells (cited in Glass 2005, p. 9) once postulated that in a new network economy, information becomes a key factor in economic productivity. For example, the flow of stocks in the market is based on relevant information regarding businesses and finances, as well as social and technological trends. Hence, information is made known through ICT and the relevant information is being used to improve businesses and increase economies. The all-inclusive information society is needed in order to balance development in a nationboth the urban and rural atomic number 18as. The ICT tools and services must be fairly accessible and convenient to a ll citizens so that they will access information equally relevant for the improvement of their quality of living for all types of people including the disabled, old, and those living in remote areas where there used to be difficulties in specifying good signals to access the net (European Commission 2007). In the advent of technology, only few people were able to correct use of the net especially the educated ones. These days, almost everyone can use and access ICT tools and serviceseven children can go online and be able to do e-learning. However, despite these advancements, studies have shown that factors such as education, age, employment, culture, and language may choke up the e-inclusion policy because these are major drawbacks in the effective usage of information and communication technologies (Webster 2006). Solutions to these have ever been researched and studied in order to realise the policy fully. Countries like Europe have implemented this and are close to around 8 0% of success in the e-inclusion. They still need to do a cluster of work, though, and they are aware of it. Other countries, especially those belonging to the third world country will find this a difficult task because first and foremost the availability and affordability percentage of people in development ICT tools and services is quite low, but the positive side is that there are more and more people becoming more literate to these technologies little by little (European Communities 2006). In an all-inclusive network society, every ICT user will be able to express his or her opinion, which is a great way to make

Instructions on how to hypnotise a person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instructions on how to hypnotise a person - Essay ExampleHypnosis is a narrow down that is linked with the psychological behaviors where it affects the lives of the people on which it is inciteed upon in a manner that shows clearly the marked distinctions in their thinking mindsets and behavioral patterns. There seems to be an altered state of consciousness at certain generation within this whole hypnotic activity but the same holds true for only a blue fraction of people. The hypnotic indications as well as the subjective alterations within the human mind stool be achieved with hypnosis. However there a number of controversies that goes in line with the art of hypnosis the world over. Without a shadow of a doubt, hypnosis is a form of hysteria and the people who experience hysteria washbasin be hypnotizable. However this is just a solitary claim and with the recent research it has been proven time and once more that nearly all human beings can be hypnotized. The manner in whic h a person can be hypnotized rests largely with the act of inducting a hypnotic state within him/her. We cannot just dawn a single basis on which we can rest our claim that the same is the proper counselling of inducing a hypnotic state however for this act to be effective, a number of practitioners keep up started to employ the calming verbal methodologies, usage of difficult triggers and lastly the inclusion of devices which are mechanical in nature. Hypnotherapy is the term which is used for the description of hypnosis within a therapeutic setting. A number of these hypnotherapists refer to this act as the practice related with clinical work.

Why Do You Want to Become a Child Development Associate Credential Essay Example for Free

Why Do You Want to Become a electric razor ripening Associate Credential EssayMy educational name and address is to complete a Child Development Associate Credential, an Associates of arts Degree, and a Bachelors of Arts Degree in Early Childhood Education. With a CDA I allow for be a lead teacher in the classroom I will be able to plan developmentally appropriate activities for the children in my care.I will also contain the primary fundamental understanding of Child Grow and Development, how to support childrens social and emotional development, how to plan a safe healthy environment, steps to advance childrens physical and intellectual development, strategies to establish a autocratic relationship with families, how to manage an effective program operation and most of all maintaining a commitment to professionalism. The Associates of Arts Degree with an emphasis in Early Childhood Education, will increase my level of expertise in the fundamentals of the CDA Credential , and provide me with a broad knowledge, the skills and training required to teach children from age zero to v year old. The practicum courses will provide opportunities to apply theoretical knowledge to planning and presenting curriculum. A Bachelors Degree will strengthen my education skills, while enhancing my understanding of the many aspects of childrens development and education.With the professionalism, expertise and communication skill needed, I will be able to take on a melodic phrase as a director at a center, or teach up to the third physical body in a public school. Education is very important in order to have a successful sustenance. Without a proper education it is very difficult to reach your maximum potential. My career goal is to be a qualified early childhood education teacher. I chose this career path because I have always had an interest in children, and the way they develop physically, intellectually, socially and emotionally, while being in an intimate mult icultural environment.The abundance of knowledge children gain in the first five years of life is remarkable it is amazing to watch them adapt to the environment both physically and socially. I delight in their curiosity, imagination, sense of adventure and playfulness. The emotional traits childrens develop at this tender age will be shape by the people they come into immediate contact with. I am privilege to have an influence on the development of children during their most impressionable years. I believe that the Early Education Studies will affect my future as a teacher a parent and as a ingredient of my community.

Explain the Muslim idea of Religious Authority Essay Example for Free

Explain the Moslem stem of Religious Authority EssayRevelations ar the counselor-at-law in which we receive knowledge of deity and this is do by the Holy Books. In the Christian tradition there is an understanding that the Bible is a average of revelation (Prepositional view), this is where the truths recorded by God are recorded, there is in any case an understanding that revelation is the way in which God acts with hu gentlemans gentleman experience through history (non-prepositional view)In Islam religious authority comes from God via the Quran through the process of tanzil. The Quran tells them about God and gives them guidance this is the book in its guidance is sure without doubt.The Sunnah and the Hadith are also roots of authority. The Sunnah, which is the life example of the Prophet Mohammad, is a source of authority because he was a wise and trustworthy man who settled tribal disputes.The Hadith is also a source of authority because Moslems look to Mohammad because he fork uped true obedience to Allahs commands.The imaum also has authority, the Shiites see the Imam possess spiritual ability and divine light nevertheless the Sunnis simply see the Imam as a leader of prayer who has no superior status.The Shariah is also part of religious authority because this is the Islamic law for Muslims and it gives all the basic rules and regulations as to how mankind beings should live and act in a political, economic, social and collective individual spheres. The Shariah looks at family life, inheritance, marriage, food regulations and divorce for example Muslims must(prenominal) eat halal foods, those that have been slaughtered by the neck vein being slit and blood stagnant whilst the name of Allah is invoked.Muslims follow the Shariah so that they are doing what is good and right according to God and removing abomination from society, which works through the process of Greater and Lesser Jihad.Greater Jihad is about establishing maruf ( right) and removing munkar (evil) from yourself A Muslim learns to control his own bad desires and actions.Lesser Jihad is the struggle of the Muslim community to remove haram from society. wickedness bequeath always exist in society and a Muslim must resist this by present true dedication to Allahs commands.In Islam Allah is the main source of religious authority and to help Muslims to show they are showing their authority towards God, Muslims believe that Allah allows evil and suffering in the world to see if they do what is right. Muslims have free will and believe that everything is pre-determined and that Allah knows the present, the past and the future of every creature but this does non mean that man has and freedom of will, its just that they have the choice to obey or disobey Allah and that this will show on the day of judgement whether they will go to Heaven/ Hell because all their actions are judged.Religious authority from the Quran is seen to govern every aspect of life for example women in Islam are seen as the most important in the family. She is the one who should keep a halal home and to develop sure food and dress laws are kept. The teachings of Islam is that women should have total equality in religion and command but they can never be fully equal, for example the husband has much power but with that comes a lot of responsibilities to perform The man has full responsibility for the maintenance of his family therefore a man has more inheritance than a womens because his need is seen to be greater.Through the 5 Pillars Muslims are seen to be showing obedience to Allahs commands this is because they are a very intense and personal struggle to abide by and through reading the Quran Muslims believe that it enhances there spiritual development because it is the rule book of God. They believe it is the pure word of God because it is seen to be a perfect copy of a timeless document. In Islam the Quran is more important than the Bile/Torah b ecause they where seen to be distorted to suit their believing communities and the revelations in the Quran are believed to be recorded when Mohammad received them.The other basic beliefs of Islam such as Tawhid are also seen as authority. Tawhid implies that everything is created by Allah it is the belief in Allah with all his powers. It is a source of authority because this is one way a Muslim fulfils Allahs commands as it reveals Gods loving and caring nature.From a non-religious perspective a philosopher would look to reasoning to emphasise human freedom to make moral choices. They would argue that all of humanity relies upon their conscience to decide what is right and wrong, and for galore(postnominal) this authority does not come from God.However from a Christian perspective this higher level of disposition comes from God. In Islamic terms we gain our conscious awareness from Quranic teachings about Akirah which gives us focus for this transient life on earth, from taw hid which reveals the qualities of God that we should aim to develop in our own hearts (such as love and compassion), and Al Qadr which ultimately points to a pre-determined path which only God knows about he does not dictate.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of mark endeavorThis is an interactive PDF form. Please complete the requested information. When done, you may click on the Print button to execute a paper copy. The printed form is to be submitted to the graduate program to which you are applying. Print Statement of Purpose (page 1) Personal History Statement (page 2) Name (as given on the graduate application) Last First nerve center Term for which application filed Proposed Graduate Program Fall division Winter year Spring year Please select program This information must be completed by all applicants for admittance and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Statement of Purpose Please state your specific interests with look on to the program to which you are applying. The following information should be included in this statement 1. Your intended field of study of specialization, career objectives, and research interests and experience. 2. A brief occupational resume if any significant period has slip by since you were last enrolled in an academic institution. 3. Academic awards, prizes, honors, fellowships or other distinctions you have received.4. Work experience or activities pertinent to your graduate goals. 5. If pertinent to your proposed field of study, please list your publications and any scholarly or superior organizations in which you hold membership. 11/07 1 Personal History Statement This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Please lineage that the Personal History Statement should not duplicate the Statement of Purpose (previous page).In an essay, discuss how your face-to-face background informs your decision to pursue a graduate degree. Please include any educational, familial, cultural, economic, or kind experiences, challenges, or opportunities relevant to your academic journey how you might contribute to social or cultural innovation within your chos en field and/or how you might serve educationally underrepresented segments of society with your degree. The information I have given above is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. Signature of Applicant Term of application program 11/07 Please print name 2.

Personal Fitness Notes Essay Example for Free

Personal fitness Notes EssayWhy did you initially choose this regimen? I chose this fast because it was recommended by a ending friend of mines, who was also having trouble with his press outt. I told me that the meals provided in the diet were really delicious and he was visual perception an improvement. So I decided to give it a try.What is the basic premise of this diet/eating cast?The premise of the diet was to help me lose weight with entrees and snacks that contained not so much calories. What were two substantiative aspects of the diet? The positive aspects of the diet were that the food, which was sold as frozen entrees in supermarkets, was in fact amazing.Were at that place any downsides to the diet plan? Explain.Did you have success on this diet? I saw quiet success. It didnt help me lose as much weight as I desired (I precious to lose 50 pounds or more) but at least I shedded off a gibe of pounds.Are you still on the diet plan? I am not on the diet pan as of now.Have you maintained your weight loss? Yes I have. I utilize to weigh 190 pounds and Im at 173.Do you feel the diet is safe? Why or wherefore not? The diet is charming safe because the caloric intake values are pretty decent and the meals are cost efficient.Did you exercise while on the diet? I exercised here and there. I would go running a few times as well as bicycling.Would you follow this diet plan again? Maybe, in the near future.Tell us what you think about the diet used by your interviewee. Explain your thoughts in a reflection paragraph. Compare the diet plan used by the interviewee with the Long pull Approach that was explained earlier in the course. Which plan would you determine to be better? revel explain your choice. I think the diet was okay because she was able to purchase the meals for a low impairment instead of those other expensive diets. The Long Haul Approach would be a better diet since she didnt exercise daily while on it. I believe thats the reason why she didnt lose as much weight she wanted to in the first place. The Long Haul Approach wouldve been a much more effective diet for her.

Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector- Assessments Essay Example for Free

Preparing to T all(prenominal) in the Lifelong Learning Sector- Assessments EssayRole, responsabilities and boundaries of teacher in the teaching/ training cycle. The key aspects of current legislative requirements and codes of practice relevant to your subject and the fiber of organisation within which you would like to work. Expalin how you could promote inclusion, equality and diversity with your current / future learners. Identify opposite points of referral available to meet the potential assumes of learners. Explain the ways in which you would establish ground rules with your learners, and which patronise behaviour and respect for others. Explain ways to embed elements of functional skills in your specialist area. Explain the need for keeping records and describe the types of records you would maintain. State the different assessment methods available and explain the ones you would use for your subject area, including address to initial assessment. State the types of a ssessment records you would end and explain why. Produce a instruction programme/ device of work in your subject area, for a minimum of six sittings (the length of each session is to be agreed between yourself and your tutor).Produce session plan(s) (these can be from the scheme of work or different) for a minimum of 30 minutes. Deliver the micro-teaching practice session(s), demonstrating a selection of teaching and learning approaches to engage and stir up learners. You need to communicate appropriately and effectively with learners. You must not deliver the same planned session more than once (total 30 minutes of delivery). Explain and justify the reasons behind your choice of teaching and learning approaches and use of resources for one of your delivered sessions.Obtain feedback from your peers and tutor/observer, and complete a self evaluation to refelct and evaluate the persuasiveness of your own teaching. Give feedback to your peers regarding their delivery. (Peer feedbac k is applicable to micr-teach sessions only). Complete a reflective learning journal after each assessment task completed and/ or session attended throughout the PTLLS programme. At the end of the programme, complete a summative profile and action plan.

Burton Snowboards Essay Example for Free

Burton Snowboards tasteBurton create utility for citizenry who would like to enjoy a different type of activity in the snowing environment Form utility Burton took the idea of building the snowboard from snurfer which use to be received as a toy modify its concept to create a snowboard that potentiometer be perceived as a wintertime sport activity. Time utility Burtons snowboards yields are available for people who enjoy snowboarding during the winter and snowing season which are suitable for snowboarding in locomote mountains. Place utility Burton made alliance with ski re shed light ons to provide he snowboarding activity in ski mountains when the customers want to try different kind of winter sport. Ownership utility Burton snowboard sells snowboard for the customers who like snowboarding activity around the world through a network of 3000 dealers sells the product. How crapper event marketing help Burton expand the customer base for its products?Burton conducts eve nt marketing to allow people to try out the products for free this will give the people to have an actual experience of the product and the activity that stays in the peoples memory, also the old customers sack up be invited and can give testimonies for the people most the product this is a good way to deliver the message most the product and increase the awareness as well. Burton runs roughly 400 demos around the word, these demos can maximize the earreach involvement and interaction, so people remember and recall the product later at the time of buying. notify additional ways Burton snowboards marketers can use the Internet to more effectively build relationships and market their products? Burton snowboard can use the email newsletters to communicate with the existent customer and interested customers as well. It helps to provide an update around the companys events and new products introduced. Customers will be kept updated about the company occasionally about the latest ne ws, announcements or promotions.Blog is a great tool to provide two ways communication theory with the customers and people that share similar interests Burton can recruit bloggers to write blogs about the events and products or any articles about the industry, and let the people response to them and share their ideas and inquiries. Burtons can join famous social network such(prenominal) as Facebook and twitter and allow many fans to join them this will enable burtons to update their fans about the event, offers, products, function and discuss related matters between fans.Relationship marketing is key to Burtons success. Suggest two or three steps that the firm should be consider taking during the next five years to push nurture its relationships with the consumers and ski resorts? Burtons should take advantage of the best technology to easily keep track of disdain partners and customers preferences this will help to identify key sales processes and provide ideas about the mark eting plans for the existent customers and partners.Burtons should localize in its employees, training them to develop their interpersonal skills to deal with practical details of customers and their ability to handle complains and problems in order to exceed customer expectations about the services quality presented. Burtons can provide some sort of loyalty program for the existent customers to reward and motivate them to deal more with the company this will enhance their relationship with the company and retain them at a lower cost of marketing.

Theories of communication Essay Example for Free

Theories of communication EssayTheories of communication Argyles system of communication is a cycle of six concepts, which repeats its self through every conversation, emailing, phone c for each one, and text, through all the ways we tell. The 6 following steps areAn idea occurs-A thought goes through your head. Example A accoucheuse thinking to tell a scholarly person midwife to go and do the observations on the long-suffering that has just be in Message coded- turning your thoughts and feelings in to communication thinking about Your trunk posture, tone of voice, body language, gestures, pictures, writing and posture. Example- the midwife at a time inquires to think how to say to the student midwife she necessarily to do the observations and how she is deprivation to come across, like her tone of voice, her facial expressions, body language , does she need to write it and her posture. Message sent- ask communicated what you want to say. Example- The midwife has now told the student midwife to go and do observations on the lady that has come in, the way she wanted to come across.Message received- is when the person or hearing has received what the sender had tried to communicate. Example- The student midwife has received what the midwife has communicated. Message traced- now they subscribe to to take what has been said and try to decode it so they understand what they have communicated. Example- the student midwife is now trying to understand and decode what the midwife has said about doing observations on the patient that has just come in. Message understood- the audience or the person targeted at has understood what has been communicated. Example- the student midwife has understood that she needs to go and do the observations on the patient that has just come in. This works with a response as well for exampleIdea occurs- thinking of a response- example the student midwife is thinking of a response to say to the midwife. Message coded- thi nking how you are going to communicate your response- Example-student midwife thinks how she is going to communicate her response. Message sent- you have communicated your response- Example- The student midwife has communicated what she wants to say to the midwife. Message received- the response has been received- example- The midwife has received the student midwifes response Message decoded- take the response and try to understand it, attempt to decode it-Example the midwife now needs to decode what the student midwife has said so she keister understand it.Message understood- they have understood the response- Example- the midwife has understood the student midwife will go and do the observations on the patient that has just come in. Bruce Tuckmans 1965. Forming, storming, norming and performing- squad development model Bruce Tuckmans theory was a helpful explanation of squad development and behaviour. He believed that there was salutes when a team come unitedly and they was the forming, storming, norming, and performing there is also adjourning and transforming also known as the mourning stage These stages worked like thisThe first stage is forming and this was the team being assembled, at the beginning each individual consort to behave independently, until they start shaping in to a team. The team is coming together and trying to innovation out why they are there or what they have to do. They spend time collecting learning and bonding. The second stage is the storming stage, in this stage the team are aware of the task and begin to counsel different ideas and what they are going to do and how it works. This is just the stage of ideas and talking about the task. This is also when a team leader may be formed to lead the group. Time is spent addressing the task on the job(p) out what they have to do and then brainstorming all their ideas for the task. The third stage is the norming stage, this is where the team reserve the sack the storming stage and move towards working on the task after putting all their ideas together and obligateing on what they are going to do and work out an effective plan, allowing the contribution of each member.At this come out team leader can also take a step back as each individual team member takes more responsibility. In this stage time is used putting ideas together and agreeing and moving towards working on the task. The fourth stage is the performing, performing their ideas to muster out the task habituated and have a final piece, this is the bit where they actually do it and try to complete it. The time is spent finish the task, working together. The last stage is the adjourning and transforming also known as mourning. This is the final stage this is the breakup of the team, where the team leave as they have completed the task given. Example of Bruce Tuckmans theory classroom of socio-economic class ones on their 1st day. The year ones have been put into a group, thisis where they mee t and talk for the first time, this would be the forming stage, as the group is being formed and shaped.The teacher then gave them a task. Each child had to give an idea to help to complete the task, this is the storming stage as different ideas where put together to help complete the task. The year ones then had to decide all together what ideas they liked and agree on which one they was going to use for the task, this is the norming stage where they all decide and agree and start to work on the task, also having to agree on the rules which is given for the task. The fifth stage is the performing stage where they all perform the task given and the decisions are collaborative for the final piece. The final stage is the adjourning and transforming stage where the children go home after complete their task and the group is broken up as the task is now finished.

Ecosystem Function, Structure and Change Essay Example for Free

Ecosystem Function, Structure and Change EssayLake Tahoe is a large lake that is almost split in half by the border of California and Nevada. Lake Tahoes surface area is about 191, 500 public square miles with a depth of about 500 meters. Lake Tahoe is listed as the 26th largest lake by volume. The flora nigh the lake supports a variety of plant spiritedness and animal life, as well as a very different organism community. The vegetation around the lake consists of a mixture of Jeffry Pine, lodgepole Pine, and both white and red true firs. Vegetation also includes both wet and dry meadows and brush fields. The brush field Ceanothus has the capability of fixture nitrogen that makes the soil of the adjoin lake more fertile. There are some(prenominal) processes that prevail wrong and away the lake. The lake is under threat from eutrophication that can severely affect the aquatic life living in it and the surrounding vegetation. It has been estimated that there has been ch anges in the populations of the various aquatic animals living in the lakes irrigates.Zooplankton population has faced the greatest changes. The lake experiences both winter and summer seasons, which in that area of the country can be extreme. Temperatures can go as high as 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and as low as sub-zero in the winter. The vegetation surrounding the lake experiences these temperature changes and responds to this stimulus by the change in page number colors and leaf numbers. The seasonal changes also affect the different mammal activities and interactions in the surrounding environment. Human activity around the lake is considerably high. Historically, the area around the lake was inhabited by Native Americans. The lake, because of its infixed beauty and vegetation is a great attraction spot for tourists who wish to ski and fish. Because of the surrounding human population, there have been attempts to prompt of the raw sewage away from the lake basin b ut this strategy has not proved to be that useful.This is because theeutrophication levels of the lake water are rising at a considerably high rate. The nitrogen and phosphorus levels of lake are increase because of the high amounts of these elements and their compounds in the sewage water. The phytoplankton population present in the lakes water is a natural tool that is reducing the levels as we speak. However, the rate of this natural proves might not be able to make do with the nitrogen and phosphorus amounts in the future if per say the sewage problem is not dealt with effectively in time. Strong, 1999 The need for effective ecological planning is essential in todays world where persistence and technology is growing at a remarkable rate. Ecological planers plan to protect the natures true works and work hard to promote awareness against ecological deterioration.There are several things that planning requires. The lake is surrounded by vegetation and is home to hundreds of aqua tic life forms. The vegetation and the mammalian life inside it is directly dependent on the lake for food and nourishment. This is because the primary protein source shall be the fish inside the lake for the land animals. Ecologists use these types of useful information to develop plans for management and restoration. In this case, the ecologists shall consider the water timbre of the lake to be of the greatest importance. They shall ensure that there is little human interference in the natural habitats of the vegetations animals to allow the natural ecosystem to flourish because human interferences can cause migrations.The ecologists shall calculate the area essential by the lake and the surrounding vegetation and shall accordingly present the data for further use. If in the future, companies or industries charge to industrialize the area, the ecologists shall use the data to calculate the risk of opening an industry to the environment. Ecologists that use preservation techniqu es to table service preserve natural ecosystems give often consider the importance of an ecosystem by looking for any exist or rare species inhabiting the area. The conservation of these rare species keeps ecologists busy. Ecological interactions between species are numerous and some types of standards sole(prenominal) occur rarely or in specific climates and/or seasons. Lake Tahoe is an example of the hundreds of natural ecosystems found on the planet. Each ecosystem has a unique setup and the organisms populating it are dependent on it in every way. The insertion of these ecosystems is a responsibility for humans.ReferencesLake Tahoe. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Tahoe

Digital Divide Essay Example for Free

digital distinguish EssayThe term digital tell apart emerged in the mid-1990s to describe the gap that exists in the midst of individuals who energise admission fee to applied science and those that do not gravel entrance (Eamon, 2004). Computer engineering has alter modern society in profound ways (Behrman Shields, 2000). Everyday society exposes citizens to applied science in whatever form. Citizens integrate applied science into common tasks such as signing into work, paying bills, shopping, paying taxes, and even recital the local newspaper (Behrman Shields, 2000).The increasing integration of technology into society ca usage tutor systems to be more(prenominal)(prenominal) resolute about including technology in every classroom. School leaders generally agree that rise to power to technology prep ars students to succeed in the 21st century (Bell, Judge, Puckett, 2006). Other lookers point out that increasing find to technology in the classroom environ ment does not ensure academic improvement. These researchers point out that there ar limits to the advantages that technology offers.A meta-analysis by Crismann, Badgert and Lucking (1997) involving 27 studies concerning academic achievement of students who received traditional classroom instruction or traditional classroom instruction with technology integration showed interesting results. On average, students receiving technology infused instruction attained higher academic achievement than 58. 2 percent of those in traditional classrooms (Page, 2002). The digital take off addresses societal differences that correlate to the developmental outcomes of students.Such differences raised concerns about the emergence of the digital divide between the children on one side who ar benefiting from technology and the children on the other side who the need of technology ingress leaves behind (Becker, 2000). Key Terms and Definitions 1. Application computer softw atomic number 18 also called a program 2. Broadband a type of data transmission in which a single fit groundwork carry several channels at once. Broadband technology can transmit data, audio, and word-painting all at once over long distances. 3.Chat real duration, text-based communication in a virtual environment 4. digital Divide the gap between those with regular, effective access to digital technologies and those without 5. Digital Technology machinery and computer equipment used for practical and informative purposes 6. Learning Portal any web situation that offers learners and organizations consolidated access to learning and training resources from multiple sources 7. Multimedia interactive text, images, sounds, and color 8. Ne devilrk two or more computers that are connected so users can share files and devices 9.Online a computer communicating with another computer 10. World Wide Web (www) a graphical Internet tool that provides access to septpages created by individuals, business es, and other organizations Statement of Hypothesis Researchers define the digital divide as discrepancies in technology use and access in learning environments based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status (Pearson mate, 2002). School systems and political science programs supply technology equipment and software to United States schools in effort to be quiet the digital divide.Nearly every school is now equipped with computers, and over two-thirds of our nations children have access at home (Shields Behrman, 2000). Equal access and supply cannot close the digital divide alone. Teachers need adequate training on selection of technology and integration of technology. Teachers, parents, and students must become technology literate in order to close the digital divide. Review of Literature Advantages of Technology and Academic PerformanceThe digital divide influences academic doing because limited student access to technology minimizes experiences and knowledge necessary to succeed academically. Computer based technology contributes to childrens academic achievement. Researchers associate having a home computer to better academic performance (Jackson et al. , 2006). Schools job a critical role in providing access to computers to students who do not have home computers. Teachers can have a profound effect on the digital divide by carefully examining how and when technology use is necessary.Regular use of technology in the classroom directly contributes to student achievement, both by making students more effective in their learning and teachers more efficient in their teaching. Teacher education should not focus on technology alone, but on its confederation with the curriculum. In order for this alignment with the curriculum to keep place, more computers must be available for students use. Technology integrated into the curriculum increases students time on task and extends learning into the home, beyond the traditional school day (Shield Behrman, 2000).Cl assrooms benefit from the advantages of technology if be after is efficient and effective for a particular group of students. Students must understand that the use of technology at bottom lessons supports productivity. Technology is a tool that students use for learning, research, networking, collaboration, telecommunications, and problem solving. Technology lessons must be meaningful and loving for students to improve academic performance. Teachers are able to shift student learning from memorizing answers to questions to knowing how to find answers.Activities that push students to use technology outside of the classroom such as victimization the technology lab, school media center, or local public library prepare students for future educational experiences. Using technology for academic tasks plays a positive role in student achievement (Wenglinsky, 2005). If students participate in authentic technology enhance activities on a regular basis, these activities will offer student s the support they need to become learners that are more proficient and possibly narrow the divide. Limitations of Technology and Academic PerformanceThe level and tone of voice of the student interactions with technology can limit the academic advantages that technology offers. Students must be able to use computers for more than web-surfing, chatting, post playing, and participating in low-level thinking activities. Student interactions with computers must be quality interactions that allow students to do research and create original multimedia products. Although 99% of public classrooms have access to computers, many students are not meeting the technology standards set by the National Educational Technology Standards (Morgan VanLengen, 2005).While technology exposes students to activities that allow them to use higher order thinking and problem solving techniques, they still prefer to consume in non-academic activities on the Internet. Becker (2000) states that most student Internet activities were recreational in nature such as email, chat rooms, web-based games, web surfing, and listening to music. Many childrens activities on the Internet appear to be for entertainment purposes instead of educational purposes.While the Internet put ons students access to an array of educational tools, it also gives them access to non-academic visible. Teachers frequently have trouble monitoring student use of appropriate websites, electronic mail messages, wink messages, and live chat rooms. Without careful observation, students can easily use school time to access material that is inappropriate for children and will not improve academic improvement. Even if teachers properly monitor students, they may not benefit from having access to computers in the classroom. Research by Lilia C.DiBello (2005) states that many teachers have not been properly educate to integrate technology in the classroom. While teachers may be comfortable with navigating various types of software, they often have trouble carry throughing the technology to meet technology standards (DiBello, 2005). Teacher preparation programs now require future teachers to take a technology course as a graduation requirement. However, technology is rapidly changing and school systems offer few opportunities that allow teachers to keep up with the changes modern technology brings.When teachers are not will and not prepared to integrate technology into their classrooms, they often fail to prepare students to perform authentic tasks using the computers. Teachers often use computers for low-level thinking activities such as exercising and practice (Pearson Swain, 2002). According to Pearson and Swain (2002), students in high-poverty schools use computers for drill and practice 35% of the time, as opposed to students in low-poverty schools, who used computers for drill and practice 26% of the time.Schools who are below the poverty line are also more often to use computers for remedia l purposes instead of higher order thinking skills. Teachers rarely teach students to use the computers to answers questions that they ask, research topics, or to prepare multimedia projects that coincide with the subjects they have learned in the classroom. Importance of Closing the Divide The digital divide exists both quantitatively and qualitatively. Gillan (2003) supported that quantitative gaps exist in schools and families where there is not enough access or time spent with technology.Qualitative gaps refer to selection of appropriate applications and quality training. Many studies have drawn the conclusion that the key factor in shutting the digital divide may not be access alone. As years have passed, attention moved by from who is connected to the question of who is served. It is important to consider that the upper-to-middle classes are given high-quality access to technology because technologists are rocky at work creating solutions designed reasonable for them. Acco rding to Morgan and VanLengen (2005), most affluent students use software that requires the use of critical thinking skill.Less affluent students predominately use drill and practice software. Many school officials whole tone that technologists ignore solutions for the poor. The result is often that schools give the poor low-quality access that could actually hurt them and, in approximately sense, widen the divide. Because of the continued influences of technology on society, the United States must address the digital divide and implement strategies to narrow the gap. It is imperative to focus on what can be done if needs cannot be met. Students that are technology savvy have significant advantages over their peers.Students with limited technology skills will not have the same educational or job opportunities and information that will be necessary for full and informal participation in society. Leaders should not subject students to the wrong side of the digital divide just becau se computer access at home is limited or none. It is the responsibility of the schools and communities to help narrow the gap. The schools are the primary source of computer access. Schools can promote digital equity for young children by including access to computer resources used in developmentally appropriate ways (Judge, 2005).The digital divide has consequences that extend beyond the school. If the digital divide was only a matter of unequal access to equipment, closing it would simply inculpate duplicating the resources of wealthy schools in poorer schools (Riel, Schwartz, Hitt, 2002). Educators need to learn the basics of information literacy searching, evaluating materials for quality, risk assessment, and equally important privateness protection. These skills go beyond online behavior to include mass media and everyday communications.Conclusion It is the job of educators to plan technology-integrated lessons that are appropriate for the particular group they are teaching. Educators must have knowledge and skills to integrate technology into meaningful activities of interest and relevance to children. Educators need to be aware of the advantages and the limitations of technology for all students. The primary key to closing the digital divide is investment in literacy and education. The biggest barrier to use of digital technology is lack of skills.It is thinkable that the next generation of the World Wide Web, referred to as Internet, emphasizes the need to go beyond text to give users a sensory experience of the web. Some governments are exploring the use of cell phones, and applications like voice scholarship technology or use of visual icons on various devices. The implications for closing the digital divide are important to society. Closing the digital divide will offer educational advantages, future employment and earning opportunities, take chances for social and civic involvement, equity, and civil rights for all.

President Nixon & Jumpology Essay Example for Free

President Nixon Jumpology EssayOne of the other novel contributions was the serial of jump pictures where his clients, including the likes of President Nixon, Marilyn Monroe, Duke and Duchess of Winsor jumped for him. Halsman always believed that the jumps revealed more realistically the latent idiosyncrasies of the personality of his clients. (Merryman, 2002) The ideation of this particular pictorial writing style had, of course, its offshoot in Halsmans photography of the animated antics of many of the noted comedians like Sid Caesar, Bob Hope, Groucho Marx who were captured in his film. Halsman could readily realize that, contrasted with their more traditional portraits, the characters came out in full life and vigor when they jumped. To commendation Halsman When you ask a person to jump, his attention is mostly directed toward the act of jumping and the mask travel so that the real person appears. (Halsman, 1986) Incidentally his published book 1959 titled Philippe Hals man Jump book is sate with 178 photographs of numerous celebrities jumpers, interwoven with hilarious discussion on jumpology.(Halsman, 1986) linnilabelled. wordpress. com/2007/10/06/philippe-halsman-the-father-of-jumpology/ http//astadnik. file. wordpress. com/2008/04/bb2. jpg Halsmans jumpology created a genre in photography which moved and inspired a lot of people, professional and otherwise. Philippe Halsman Fritz Gruber (Writer) and the Crew Jumping on band profile. myspace. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=userIn 1958, to recognise his contribution Halsman was included in Popular Photographys Worlds Ten Greatest Photographers on with Irving Penn, Richard Avedon, Ansel Adams, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Ernst Haas, Yousuf Karsh, Gjon Mili, and Eugene Smith. American Society of Magazine Photographers gave him the Life Achievement in Photography Award in 1975. Halsman believed that his travel matured and his art came to fruition in his adopted body politic, America . He thus made America, the subject of his deeds in myriad ways.One review noted Halsmans unsanctimonious and immensely intense portrayal of American bounce. When we look back in time at the works and contribution of Philippe Halsman, we see the discovery or even invention of a nation as seen by an artist through the lens of his television camera which took into account not only imagination but also the psychology of the country and its people. His images form a vivid portrayal of prosperous American of the mid 20th century. In that respect his adopted country became his creation.

Witness Memory as Evidence in Criminal Trials

Witness computer holding as recite in Criminal Trials1. When, and why, atomic number 18 imagees memories unreliable as depict in barbarous trials in England and Wales?MemoryMemory is ones ability to bring back the past events. Memory let us explain our personal experiences and perception about some(prenominal)affair which is occurred in past.Types Of MemoryThere atomic number 18 three types of memoryEpisodic MemoryEpisodic memory refers to our memory of special event similar accident, death etc.Semantic MemoryThere are too galore(postnominal) general knowledge is stored in ones headway which comes under the semantic memory type. It as well refers to the study which is stored in our mind to perform any skill. It as well as tells us how to perform in round repeated situation.Procedural MemoryUnderstanding the procedural memory is rather difficult to understand and contains divers(prenominal) kind of information. Generally it refers to series of events which occurred on numerous sequences.Importance Of Witness MemoryWitness memory is a fuel of any investigation because it let investigator to collect information about concomitant but human memory is too fragile to exactly telephone every moment. There are also numerous factors involved which affect project memory that is environment factors, protest factors, vehemence levels of the witness/victim, weapon focus.When Witness Memory Is Unreliable As Evidence?Witnesses memories are unreliable as evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales when there is a TurnBull direction indicated the state of witness at the time of incident happened because so many researches has found the massive impression on the quality of information.What Is TurnBull?There are too many environmental factors which affect the memory of witness and can damage the quality and metre of information. R. V. Turnbull guidance proposed a term ADVOKATEAmount of time one observedDistance What was the distance betwixt event and witnessVisibility How ofttimes the scene was clear?Obstruction Was there anything obscuring the view?know or seen before If the situation was familiar?Any reason to remember What is the reason behind to remember. m lapse How long the exposure of event?Error or material discrepancy Is there any discrepancy betwixt the fact and the description (Booklet).Why Witness State Is UnreliableIn England and Wales, Evidence is non reliable, when there is a Turnbull direction in a state of witness because sometime witness rely on external help to recall the incident or he may engender perceived falsely referable to distance or visibility or both (Bull, 1999)Generally raft under the investigation are not sympathisey to recall the incident currently. Many factors like fear, stress and nervousness can affect their quality of information. Sometimes they rely on external resources to feed them and they wrongly perceive the series of happening occurred at TBR events.Sometimes witnes s may lie for any forward dispute or grudge. Witness may be biased and can provide wrong information to affect the investigationConclusionSince witness memory depends on lots of factors which are indicated through the noted term ADVOKATE therefore investigation should be taken with caution and every term of ADVOKATE should be properly and clearly note down.To gather worthy information from the witness, should check the witness personal preference of biasness or favoritism.It should also be checked that whether the witness is pressurized by the culprit to speak lie.What transfigures should be made, to the procedures for refering warys in criminal investigations in England and Wales, according to psychological research?Human memory is too fragile to exactly remember the incident which happened that is why interviewing the witness to identifying the suspect is rather difficult assign. It can also affect by the Turnbull directions. Usually witness replies the interviewer in broad term and can only describe six or seven characteristics of suspect like age (Between 20-30) or height (between 56 58) that is why it is always difficult to get accurate knowledge about victim.The accurate information may be collected through cognitive interview but this type of interview demands too much time to conclude things. These re the reasons for which psychological research stress on the identification parade to identify the culprit. (Kapardis ebrary, 2010)Why Should Be Identification Parade Arranged?Identification parade are arranged to head off two hurdles of identifying the culprit.Verbal OvershadowingIn just about of wickedness, during the investigation, witness is interviewed by more than one officer and provided stream of information due to which he can mix up the details which is stored in witnesses mind and the information he is provided by the officers about culprit.If identification parade is arranged then a witness can easily identify the suspect or the pe rson who is somehow linked with the crime.Information To The worldly concernSome crimes are needed to announce in public through media and police shows the picture, video or sketch of suspect in public. Sometimes a totally innocent person can be suspected and shown to public. Witnesses, after seeing the police announcement about suspect can to mix-up the faces of suspect with actual culprit.In that case, after the identification parade, officers are directed to ask witnesses whether they have seen any allot on media or not?Asking directly to the witness is rather strange. According to researchers, it is more attach to ask logically by the witness rather than directly.Changing Facial Expressions.Facial expressions of people are salmagundid with the passage of time due to weight, tiredness, hair color or culprit can deliberately change it to be hidden from the police but if culprit is arrested for identification parade then he cannot change his seventh cranial nerve expression an d can be identified by the witness.ConclusionInvestigation with witness should be deal with cautious and interviewer should know the art of interviewing to get accurate information. Investigator should avoid direct questions like was that man wearing black shirt? Or did you see blood neck on full side of window? It is recommended to ask series of questions to grab the fact like the series below.What have you seen at spot?Can you tell us the gender of person you have seen?What was he wearing?It is also recommended to setup interview as soon as possible because there is margin of memory fail. set forth the extent to which offender profiling is relied upon both in criminal investigations and in criminal trials in England and Wales.?offender composeoffender profiling is a tool of investigation about the culprit with the help of evidences. Offender profiling is plebeianly perceive as a magical ability of investigator to put workforce on the culprit. It is also called psychological p rofiling, criminal personality profiling, profile analysis and the offender profiling is carried by the profilers or offender profilers.Offender profiling is a psychological assessment of evidence which is collected from the crime scene. Offender profiler collects evidence from the crime scene and assess assumes the personality type which usually exhibits similar patterns (Jackson Bekerian, 1997).Aims Of ProfilingThe aim of profiling is to get closer to suspect and get the answer of three questionsWhat happened at the spot of incident?What personality type can be involved in it?What personality traits can be possessed by that personality type?These questions are generally analyzed by the psychologist who are sharp of their field and are outside of the police department.Limitations Of Offender ProfilingAlthough the crime scene can recoil the personality of offender and headhunter put insights on it but sometimes searching the link between the crime and mental state of offender is not cleared or understandable.It is also criticized that psychologist are assistive only in the crime which are committed in extreme cases of mental illness. They are not much useful in the crimes which are not committed due to mental illness.One more criticism is usually done on clinical approach that psychologists works according to science of psychological science which is remain ambiguous and has flaws in it. Understanding and evaluating complex human psyche is rather difficult task and sometimes it is understood completely wrongConclusionOffender profiling is no doubt a significant part of crime investigation but it is also limited in a way. It restricts psychiatrist to some specific pattern of personality traits while human style is always complex and cannot read accurately always. It is not necessary that crime scene always show the exact pattern of expression which culprit exhibit.Identify the key ways in which the research, into common forms of close-error, might infor m and improve utilization in criminal investigations and trials? conjurationIdentifying someones lie is not easy according to research reaching correct result is tending to fall between 50 to 60 percent. The more common reason of this trend is over confidence of people in their ability to judge others.Detection Of DeceptionDespite of fact that deception cannot be easily caught, people also make some canonical judgment errors. These judgment errors are categorized in five types.Pinocchios NoseThere is and then some universal signs of lying like stammering, avoid eye contact, blushing but it cannot equally give to every automobile trunk on the earth. So these universal signals may guide to wrong direction.Erroneous AssumptionsSome people thing that deception can easily be caught by facial expression or they are the get the best of face reading. Some people do have the ability of face reading but in general this ability is over estimated.Othello ErrorThis type of error is actually comes in existence due to Shakespeares drama where Othello achieved his target by accusing Desdemona but in modern criminal rightness system this error misleads because most of people became nervous and feared when the feel that they are under observation.The Plausibility paradoxPlausible and incredible problems have problem to judge right because we do not believe implausible event if it is reported by some old man.CountermeasuresA natural liar can snitch the interviewer after noticing the interviewer suspicion and can adjust his/her behavior accordingly.Techniques To Improve Decision ErrorsScholars and researchers proposed three techniques of improving decision errors.Un- spoken deedsLying can be judged by the entire body language which includes gestures, postures, facial expressions, voice quality etc. Some common proposed techniques of judging un spoken deeds are decrement in movement of entire legs till feetDecrease in hand movementsSudden increase and pass in voice.These all assumed signs should be deal with cautious because it cannot be true in every situation like deception errors and may lead to in accurate judgment.Spoken Deeds legion(predicate) techniques are used to judge the REAL of words that are written or spoken. The two most famous techniques of read between the lines are Statement Validity Analysis (SVA) which is developed by Steller and Kohnken in 1997 which is then incorporated by Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA). It implies that our account is polar in case and quality in case of reality or imagination. This techniques uses nineteen criteria to judge a statement. This technique is not commonly use in U.K.Physiological MethodsThe most common technique of physiologic method is Polygraph, which measures physiological reaction like heart beat, sweating etc to check the deception. The polygraph is conducted through different sensors that are attached to the body and every physiological reaction recorded as a graphical presentation .Although polygraph is considered as very utile tool of detecting deception and has been used in different countries but it is not used in U.K. criminal justice system due to complex human nature and the fact that human behavior and their psychological reactions are vary from person to person.ConclusionTo improve decision making process in U.K spoken deeds and physiological test should be considered because these two techniques have been using in different countries and showing successful results to some extent but these techniques should be used with the caution and must not be rated overly. It should be used with the understanding that human nature varies from person to person and same reactions cannot be equally applied to everybodyBibliographyBooklet. (n.d.). Retrieved from Police Service Of Northern Ireland http//www.psni.police.uk/de/public_order_8th_edition.pdfMilne, R. and Bull, R. (1999).Investigative interviewing Psychology and practice. Chichester Wiley.Kapardis, A., eb rary, I. (2010). Psychology and law a unfavourable introduction. New York Cambridge University Press 2010.1 Page