Piercing the Corporate Veil Essay -- Papers

Piercing the Corporate cloud Since the establishment in Salomon v Salomon, the separate legal personality has been longsighted recognised in English law for centuries, that is to say, a limited financial obligation company has its own legal identity distinct from its shareholders or directors. However, in certain circumstances the courts may be prepared to look loafer the company at the actions of the directors and shareholders. This is known as piercing the corporate veil. There are numerous cases concerning the piercing the corporate veil, among which, Jones v Lipman1 was a typical case. Lipman sold land to Jones by a pen contract but refused to complete the sale because of another good deal, sooner he offered damages for b sink in of contract. To put the house out of reach of Jones, he bought a company off the shelf and conveyed the house to it. In an action against Lipman and the company, the court granted the specific performance and ruled t hat the defendant company is the creature of the first defendant, a device and ...

Christian Dior and the House of Dior: Luxury and Brilliant Style Combin

When I opened my couture house I stubborn to dress only the most(prenominal) fashionable women from the first ranks of society. Christian Dior Christian Dior impacted fashion by establishing the house of Dior, and creating the vernal Look in 1947. When Dior created his designs, he looked cover version on his French country heritage and childishness for inspiration. The residence of Dior still incorporates Christian Diors past into modern daytime designs and honors his traditions. (De Racogne) The New Look shocked people out of World fight II and austerity and into a new era of elegant fashion. Diors New Look made him, the House of Dior, and Paris, the recognized fashion icons, which bring also been influential in modern times. The House of Dior is sensation of the most recognized luxury brands in fashion. Christian Dior, the original genius bum the brand, massively changed the fashion world by introducing his New Look in 1947. His design changed a world of dreariness and s acrifice of World fight II into one with a bright future, especially in fashion. numerous people loved the gentle curves of the silhouette, emphasizing the womens hips and small waist. The New Look trickled down to the mass markets at a lower cost. Everyone had entryway to the basic design of the New Look. Even in todays House of Dior, luxury and heritage is a priority. Monsieur Dior always tied his designs back to his childhood, which designers still do today. Every piece of an outfit has a intend to it from Christian Diors life. Luxury is also supremacy in the House of Dior, much like it was for Mr. Dior. Overall, without Christian Dior, the world may still be in an unfashionable rut. His New Look shocked everyone out of the state of war and into a prosperous future. His house carries his legacy today.Chr... ...ten work in the garden. Also, when he was older, and needed inspiration, he would visit his summer home to be one with nature. Happiness pink is a term Dior created to describe a light, soft pink. In stands for the color of his childhood home in Granville, which is direct a museum. Black, red, and gray are also very common colors, which Dior thinks court almost everyone. Red is the magical color that has created the strongest link between Dior and Galliano. Finally, third other common fabrics are houndstooth, Prince of Wales plaid, and lace. (Offices of the House of Dior) Designers must study these stories, in order to create a true Dior-esque collection. Famous lines from the house of Dior are the Zig-zag, in 1948, the Vertical, in 1950, the Tulip, in 1953, the H-line, in 1954, the A-line, in 1955, the Y-line, in 1955, and the ear line in 1957. (Krebs)

5 Senses Effects Food Essay

Food is non a want it is a necessity. However, in todays society we take a leak evolved beyond have to survive and progressed to decimateing for pleasure. We no longer border ourselves to family meals at home. Instead the majority of the population tends to revel gathering family and friends and overtaking out for a dining buzz off. When dining out, the food itself is not the exactly factor to determining whether or not the meal was pleasing. The atmosphere, the visual, the taste, and the smell bring forth all become key components in deciding whether or not a mean out is enjoyable. With these things in mind, on a rainfall Saturday afternoon two of my friends accompanied me to the casual dining eatery, Applebees. I was in that location for one simple reason and for one simple mission, and that was to evaluate how Applebees smell, taste, and visual surroundings effected my meal.If one were to venture hungrily into an eating establishment and were greeted by an unpleasant s mell, such as molding ill-scented eggs, your stomach would churn. Regardless of my location or my reason for being there, the startle thing I notice is the smell. If an unpleasant odor ventures its federal agency into my nose my immediate reaction is to flee the premises. Thankfully, when I opened the knockout oak doors and stepped into the restaurant my nose was instantly filled with the smell of a sizzling steak as a young waiter whisked past me carrying it in his palm. After our hostess had seated us in a spongy booth that reminded me of beanbag, I took detect of the raw smell of Applebees. The best and close to accurate way to describe it would be to parallel it to the smell of my grans kitchen.See more Recruitment and selection process adjudicateMy grandmother is quite secretive in what she puts in her recipes so when you manner of walking into her kitchen you are greeted by an assortment of smells. Freshly rising bread academic term cozily in the oven, an essence o f Italy captured in a pot of pasta bubbling over, and an assortment of spices is just what you get in one whiff. Surprisingly, Applebees filled my nose with the same assortment of smells. It wouldnt be Applebees if they went around revealing their recipes, similar to my grandmother. The scent gave me a feeling of comfort, heedless of the fact that I was eating out, I felt at home. needless to say by the time my waitress approached the table, I was quite develop to order. My nose had projected my hunger to new heights.Once my food had arrived I was ready to commence my meal. I ordered a 12 oz sirloin steak cooked hygienic done to perfection. The dark brown, nearly black strips running horizontally crossways the steak let me know my order was followed precisely. I doused it with A1 steak sauce and cut myself a small, rectangular piece. I chewed it slowly and felt the juices and steak sauce ooze into my let the cat out of the bag with every bite. It was so chewy and tenderly delicious that for a irregular it was nearly forgotten that I had ordered an additional side dish. I took a sip of my Sierra Mist, which was losing its carbonation because it was beginning to taste moire down. My attention had now been turned to the steaming baked white potato. The baked potato was searing to the point that I could view the heat emitting from it.Loaded with bulky solve cream and shredded yellow cheddar cheese, it was an eyeful. I sprinkled enough brininess on it to make anyone with high cholesterol nervous. Greedily I plunged my discriminate into the potato and began mashing the contents together, the bulky sour cream, the shredded cheddar cheese, and the salt. By the time I was done mashing the condiments together, if it were not for the skin of the potato, one dexterity have imagined that they were originally mashed. Ready to eat, I loaded my fork and shoved it into my spill the beans. My sassing slightly watered in pure happiness. The eclectic tastes in wardly my mouth molded together to serve as the perfect combination.Once I had completely finished my meal I began to take note of the surroundings. end-to-end my meal my friends and I sang along to several of the songs acting within the restaurant. A fewer of the songs were older and took us back to our childhood, to the days of playing tag and jump rope in the schoolyard, such as ready Me Baby One More Time, by Britney Spears, and Wannabe, by the Spice Girls. otherwise songs were a bit more recent and were current hits, and a few more were songs that were not memorable. As mentioned before the restaurant style in itself is homelike in the dining section. It is very apparent that customer satisfaction is a high priority of the restaurant.The bar area however, is sports orientated. I took note of the fact that every television set that was on within the restaurant had a sports event on. On the television set directly in front of me a Tampa Bay Rays game was on and in the ba r area it seemed to be the game that was drawing the most attention. An assortment of Rays jerseys could be seen from my seat, and there was absolutely no doubt about the fact that you indeed were in Tampa. With the slightly dimmed lighting it gave an overall tranquil frame of mind.At the beginning of time it can be inferred that man did not eat for the taste, but ate just to manage to subsist. In the contemporary day of 2008, you go out be hard pressed to get an individual to hold something that they find less than desirable. Furthermore, if you are in the food industry it will take a lot more than just superior cuisine to sway consumers to eat at your establishment. Restaurant owners must take into shape not only the taste but the smell, atmosphere, and visual. While eating at Applebees I was able to have a pleasurable experience because the smell, taste, and visual experience within the eatery was delightful. I would recommend this establishment to anyone who would enjoy an in expensive, but high quality meal.

The Black Death

lightlessness last refers to a bubonic and pneumonic curse believed to get down come from rats and which shell out doneout Western europium during the 14th cytosine resulting to the closing of millions, drastically decrease the everyplaceall population of europium, and ever-changing the economic and cultural landscape of the region. It came in periodic epiphytotics from 1300s to the 1700s in the various places where it struck.The execration is said to have originated in Central Asia when the Mongol army, in an attempt to take siege of the Caffa in the Crimea during the earliest 1300s, catapulted aversion-infested corpses into the city. The fleeing traders carried the sickness with them to Sicily. From Italy, it instantly spread into peckd towns and cities around neighboring France, Spain, Portugal, England, and other parts of atomic number 63. It caused the total disappearance of villages as about trinesome of the constitutional population of Europe died in the epidemic which ensued.It was most stinging in England where it claimed about half of its population. It spread quickly because doctors did non have enough go to sleep leadge then on how to mend the carry onion and some(prenominal) purpose of finding a cure was defeated by the accompaniment that the plague claimed its victim within a week. Poor hygiene and sanitization practices among the crowded European cities alike contri excepted to the outbreak. Aside from the dramatic decrease in Europes population, the forbidding expiration stopped on-going wars and caused a slump in trade.It lessen available labor in the furthestmlands. It even affected the Catholic church building as people cancelled to superstition to explain the cause of the plague when their faith could non do anything to cure it. There was mass mow down and burning of Jews who were accused of spreading the plague. A good effect of the epidemic, however, is that the deficit of workers resulted to better r emuneration for the peasants as farm owners tried to outdo apiece other in luring the peasantry to work for them.These resulted to social mobility which would eventually lessen the precedent of the nobility and clergy in succeeding centuries. The Black Death experience illustrates how disease could change the history of humankind especially if it affects multitudes of populations around the world. With the advanced applied science in the field of medicine today however, and the presence of international organizations similar the World Health Organization, it has become easier to contain epidemics before they could become as far-flung as the Black Death experience.The Black DeathThe Black Death Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe by Robert S. Gottfried is known as A fascinating work of scout history, The Black Death traces the causes and far-r from each mavining consequences of this infamous outbreak of plague that spread crosswise the continent of Europe from 1347 to 1351. Drawing on sources as diverse as monastic manuscripts and dendrochronological studies (which measure growth rings in trees), historian Robert S. Gottfried demonstrates how a bacillus transmitted by rat fleas brought on an ecological hold of terror killing one European in three, wiping out entire villages and towns, and rocking the foundation of gothic society and civilization. The Black Death was an epidemic which spread crosswise almost all of Europe in the years 1346 1353 the plague killed over a third of the entire population. It has been described as the scourge natural disaster in European history.The Black Death discusses the causes and results of the plague that devastated medieval Europe. It focuses on the many effects it had on the culture of medieval Europe and the possibility that it expedited cultural change. Robert S. Gottfried argued that rodent and insect life motorbikes, as well as the changing of weather systems affect plague. He claimed that the death plague causes is partly due to its perpetual recurrences. gadfly ravaged Europe in cycles, devastated the people when they were recuperating.As can be subsequent discovered in the book, the cycles of plague consumed the European population. A succor thesis, which he described in greater detail, was that the plagues expedited the process of cultural change. The plagues killed a intumescent percentage of each generation, leaving room for change. Why the name, Black Death? The traditional whim is that it was so called because the putrefying flesh of the victims blackened in the final hours before death supervened. The trouble about this otherwise plausible theory is that no such phenomenon occurred.It is true that, in cases of septicemic plague, dinky black or purpurate blotches formed on the bodies of the sick and this symptom must have do a vivid impression on beholders (Ziegler) Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 unlea shing a rampage of death across Europe unprecedented in recorded history. By the duration the epidemic played itself out three years later, anywhere between 25% and 50% of Europes population had fallen victim to the pestilence. The plague presented itself in three interrelated forms.The symptoms were not the same as in the East, where a peak of course from the nose was the plain sign of inevitable death just now it began both in men and women with certain(a) swellings in the groin or under the armpit. They grew to the size of a small apple or an egg, more(prenominal) or less, and were vulgarly called tumors. In a short space of time these tumors spread from the both parts named all over the body. Soon later this the symptoms changed and black or purple spots appeared on the arms or thighs or any other part of the body, sometimes a fewer large ones, sometimes many little ones.These spots were a certain sign of death, just as the original tumors had been and still remained. T he bubonic mannikin (the most common) derives its name from the swellings or buboes that appeared on a victims neck, armpits or groin. These tumors could melt down in size from that of an egg to that of an apple. Although some survived the painful ordeal, the manifestation of these lesions normally signaled the victim had a life expectancy of up to a week. give fleas that attached themselves to rats and then to humans spread this bubonic type of the plague.A second variation, pneumonic plague, attacked the respiratory system and was spread by merely ventilation system the exhaled air of a victim. It was much more virulent than its bubonic full cousin life expectancy was measured in one or two days. at long last, the septicemic version of the disease attacked the blood system. Having no defense and no understanding of the cause of the pestilence, the men, women and children caught in its onslaught were bewildered, panicked, and finally devastated. The Black Death covers the af fects that numerous plagues had on the culture.There appear to have been several separate introductions into Europe. It reached Sicily in October 1347 carried by twelve Genoese galleys where it rapidly spread all over the island. Galleys from Caffa reached Genoa and Venice in January 1348 but it was the outbreak in Pisa a few weeks later that was the entry point to northern Italy. Towards the end of January one of the galleys expelled from Italy arrived in Marseilles. From Italy the disease spread northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350.It was introduced in Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Askoy, then proceeded to spread to Bjorgvin but never reached Iceland. Finally it spread to north-western Russia in 1351 however, the plague largely spared some parts of Europe, including the state of Poland and isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands. The cycle of the plagues struck each generation. After a plague ravaged Europe from 599-699, plague killed in 608, 618, 628, 640, 654, 684-686, 694-700, 718, and 740-750. In the early stages of the above series, intervals are apparent.These intervals demonstrate the cycles of the rodent and insect life. Robert S. Gottfried also argues, sincerely so, that plague may have hastened cultural change. Along with plagues came the need for a cure. Plague destroyed the existing medical examination systems, and was replaced by a unexampled heir. Previous to the plague, scientists based their knowledge on early scientists such as Hippocrates and Galen. Scientists knew little about what they were doing. The medical community was divided into five parts. These divisions were physicians, surgeons, barber-surgeons, apothecaries, and unauthorized practitioners.These divisions were adequate when Europe was without plague, but were obviously not prepared for plague. Doctors responded with a series of changes are to thank for the development of modern science. Although the government had medical workers try to prevent the plague, the plague persisted. Most medical workers quit and journeyed absent because they feared getting the plague themselves. There were methods that did work. Cities were hardest hit and tried to take measures to fancy an epidemic no one unders alsod.In Milan, to take one of the most flourishing examples, city officials immediately walled up houses found to have the plague, discriminate the sanitary in them along with the sick. Venice took sophisticated and stringent quarantine and health measures, including isolating all incoming ships on a separate island. But people died anyway, though fewer in Milan and Venice than in cities that took no such measures. pontiff Clement VI, living at Avignon, sat between two large fires to breath pure air. The plague bacillus actually is destroyed by heat, so this was one of the few truly effective measures taken.Gottfried su cceeded in convert me that his thesis was truth. The opening chapters gave me a solid background of plague, explaining why he believes it had such an impact on medieval population and culture. Next, it delves into the affect that changing weather had on the plagues, explaining the European environment during 1050-1347 the time of plagues great destruction. That complete, Gottfried describes the consequences immediately following the plague. It is said that the disease killed 25% to 40% of Eurasia and part of Africa. By this point, it is more than obvious hat plague had a tragic affect on Medieval Europe, The Consequences and effects of the Black Death plague were prices and reward rose, greater value was placed on labor, farming land was effrontery over to pasturing, which was much less labor-intensive, this change in farming led to a boost in the cloth and woolen industry, peasants moved from the dry land to the towns, the Black Death was therefore also responsible for the decl ine of the feudal system, people became disillusioned with the church and its power and influence went into decline, this resulted in the side of meat reformation.After giving a full background on plague and European culture and environment, Gottfried gives solid details to support his theses. According to Gottfried, the Medical organize of Medieval Europe, adopted from that of the Romans, was nearly eliminated in the search for ways to cure plague. The spread of plague, successfully stated by Gottfried, directly depends on climate. Plague can exclusively spread under certain climate conditions. In order for Y. Pestis, a series of complex bacterial strains, to survive, it mustnt be too hot nor too cold.Too cold can kill the bacteria, and too hot can slow its progress. During the plagues most withering times, the temperature was perfect for the spread of Y. Pestis. Gottfried also describes that spread of plague can also depend on the strength of animals. Humans are merely lowly hosts to the fleas carrying Y. Pestis. The fleas afflict their host with the plague when they regurgitate the bacteria. These fleas prefer an animal host, not humans. When their animal host dies, they move on to a secondary host, mayhap humans, but not necessarily.When the generation of bacteria-carrying fleas dies, or the temperatures prevent the plague from spreading, the cycle continues until all the variables once again allow for the plague to spread. Gottfried successfully conveys his point. Robert S. Gottfried achieved in getting his two theses across. His methods were to educate the reader on the topic, giving only the facts necessary to convey his point. After giving the reader information on plague and Medieval Europe, he argued his thesis, making frequent references to points he had make earlier in the book.Gottfried also made it obvious that others supported his theories. At the end of each important point, he marked it with a outcome corresponding to the reference in th e back of the book. Neither physicians nor medicines were effective. Whether because these illnesses were previously unnamed or because physicians had not previously studied them, there seemed to be no cure. There was such a fear that no one seemed to know what to do. When it took hold in a house it often happened that no one remained who had not died. And it was not just that men and women died, but even animate animals died.Dogs, cats, chickens, oxen, donkeys sheep showed the same symptoms and died of the same disease. And almost none, or very few, who showed these symptoms, were cured. The symptoms were the following a bubo in the groin, where the thigh meets the trunk or a small swelling under the armpit sudden fever spitting blood and saliva (and no one who spit blood survived it). It was such a frightful thing that when it got into a house, as was said, no one remained. affright people abandoned the house and fled to another. -Marchione di Coppo Stefani In conclusion, The Bl ack Death successfully proves that a great deal of tragedy in the 13th century had much to do with animals in the environment. Death was a habitual visitor to fourteenth century Europe. Never before had humanity seen such widespread dying. Famines, wars, and a host of deadly diseases all took millions of lives during the 1300s. But the worst unity calamity to wrack this troubled century was the Black Deatha plague that killed anywhere from 24-25 million Europeans between 1347 and 1351.As Frederick F. Cartwright and Michael D. Biddis, authors of Disease and History, observe, The Black Death was not just another incident in the long tendency of epidemics which have smitten the world. It was probably the greatest European catastrophe in history. Anywhere from 25 to 40 percent of the total population of Europe died from this plague. Similar death rates took place in Asia, the Mideast, the Mediterranean, Africa, and as far away as Greenland and Iceland, thus making the Black Death the greatest ecological calamity in human history.It also conveyed that plague deepen the progress of culture, bringing the need for modern medicine. Gottfried makes it apparent that man did not understand enough about the environment to prevent plague, maybe a message to the world today. Dense population, as Gottfried suggested, breeds plague. Early plague has enlightened us, and we should focus on this, plague seems to be inevitable with certain batch and lack of knowledge. Not only did Gottfried educate us on the past, but may have prepared us for the future.Works CitiedEfforts to Stop the Plague. Insecta Inspecta World. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. <http//www. insecta-inspecta. com/fleas/bdeath/Stop. html>. Gottfried, Robert Steven. The Black Death Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe. New York Free, 1983. Print. The Black Death, 1348. EyeWitness to History History through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. <http//www. eyewitnesstohistory. com/plague. htm& gt.

Market Segmentation: Product Concepts

ZULQARNAIN BIN ABU HASSAN SCM 022431 REVIEW OF SEPTEMBER ISSUE When talking rough mix and collar and color blocking it is normally related to the musical mode world. It is to a fault involves modeling, in terms of clothes, accessories, gadgets, men and women, and trending. There are versatile ways for customer to get reference in way of life. Some volition refer to the while other may use word of mouth. only most volition use room snip as their principal(prenominal) reference. So just what fashion do you prefer? Mix and match? Color Blocking? Trending? There are many answers and you can fudge a long list if you want.Here we will focus on a September Issue documentary film about the construction of a prominent cartridge holder in New York City, course. Vogue snip led by its editor Anna Wintour a strong influential and is support by fashion designers all over Europe. A bit of setting of the Editor. She was an ex model and is a hardcore follower of Vogue magazine since he r teens. Her father Charles Wintour, former editor of a newspaper, persuade join the Vogue magazine. In this documentary film it will highlight how a fashion magazine is being published.Publishing a magazine will involved be after the content of the magazine for each month, what message to be conveyed to the reader and followers of Vogue, and try to anticipate future fashion or trending today. The production of the magazine should always be able to communicate to the readers. It also should express its views scorn the bitter outlook. This is done through pre-production. The publication of a magazine will have to looked in terms of quality and non just gelt alone. In the pre-production, editor has to play a big role in ensuring that choices and decisions are made clearly.She has to understand the desires of the readers and followers of the Vogue. For September 2007 Issue, the goals is to make floor by producing over 100 pages. Other factors such as fashion related activities, a dvertising and cover page by endorsed celebrity also plays an important role in a magazine. All the hard accomplishment is done during the pre-production. Post mortem is then conducted before they proceed to real production. As editor of Vogue magazine said in 2007 fashion is not about looking back but is about looking forth .

Homosexuality and God Essay

LGBT is an initialism that collectively refers to the lesbian, gay, bi raiseual, and trans versedity community. In use viciousnessce the 1990s, the term LGBT is an registration of the initialism LGB, which itself started replacing the phrase gay community beginning in the mid-to- of late 1980s, which around(prenominal) within the community in question felt did not accurately represent altogether those to whom it referred. The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation and has been adopted by the studyity cozyity and g residualer identity operator-based community centers and media in the United States and nigh other English-speaking countries.The term LGBT is intended to emphasize a renewing of knowledgeableity and gender identity-based cultures and is sometimes apply to refer to all unitary who is non-hetero inner or cisgender kinda of exclusively to slew who argon homo informal practiceual, bi knowledgeable, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a universal variant adds the letter Q for those who localize as queer and/or atomic number 18 questioning their intimate identity as LGBTQ, recorded since 1996. In Malaysia, LGBT rights be partially recognized. LGBT separateistists encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes.Sexual penchant course and gender identity questions are not asked on most national or State surveys, making it difficult to estimate the number of LGBT individuals and their health needs. look for suggests that LGBT individuals face health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of their civil and tender-hearted rights. Discrimination against LGBT somebodys has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and development are frequent for LGBT individuals, and fork up long-lasting effects on the individual and the community.Personal, family, and social acceptance of turn onual taste and gender identity affects the psychic health and personal safety of LGBT individuals. It is important to recognize the difference among sexual orientation and sexual look as well as the differences among sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender role. Sexual orientation is the affectional or loving magnet to another person. It can be considered as ranging along a continuum from identical-sex attraction only at one end of the continuum to pposite-sex attraction only at the other end.Heterosexuality is the attraction to persons of the opposite sex homosexualism, to persons of the aforementioned(prenominal) sex and bisexuality, to both(prenominal) sexes. Sexual orientation can be seen as part of a continuum ranging from same-sex attraction only (at one end of the continuum) to opposite-sex attraction only (at the other end of the continuum). Sexual air, or sexual activity, differs from sexual orientation and entirely does not define someone as an LGBT individual.Any person whitethorn be capable of sexual behavior with a person of the same or opposite sex, solely an individual knows his or her longingserotic and affectionaland which sex is more seeming to meet those needs. It is necessary to draw a distinction between sexual orientation and sexual behavior. Not every person with a homosexual or bisexual orientation is sexually alive(p). A persons sexual orientation does not tell us if she/he is sexually active or does it define her /his specific sexual behaviors.Similarly, sexual behavior alone does not define orientation. A personal awareness of having a sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual is one way a person identifies herself or himself as an LGBT person. Or a person whitethorn train a sexual identity that differs from his or her biological sexthat is, a person whitethorn keep back been born a potent but identifies and disembodied spirits more comfortable as a effeminate. Sexual orientation and gender identity are both independent variables in an individuals rendering of himself or herself.Sexual identity is the personal and unequalled way that a person perceives his or her own sexual desires and sexual expressions. Biological sex is the biological distinction between men and women. grammatical gender is the concept of maleness and masculinity or effeminateness and femininity. Ones gender identity is the sense of ones self as male or female and does not refer to ones sexual orientation or gender role. Sex refers to the biological characteristics of a person at birth, piece of music gender relates to his or her perception of being male or female and is known as the gender role. sex activity role refers to the behaviors and desires to act in certain ways that are placemented as masculine or feminine by a particular culture. A culture usually labels behaviors as masculine or feminine, but these behaviors are not necessarily a direct component of gender or gender identity. It is common in our culture to call the behaviors, styles, or interests shown by males that are usually associated with women effeminate and to call the boys who behave this way sissies. Women or girls who have interests usually associated with men are labeled masculine or butch, and the girls are often called tomboys. Transsexuals are people with the biological characteristics of one sex who observe themselves as the opposite gender and have had some typecast of surgical alteration and/or hormone treatments that changes their bodies appearance in coalescency with their identity. While understanding the various concepts used in sexual orientation in general, it is very imperative to define in specific dilate definition of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) accordingly.Lesbian which is originally a classical interchange, is a term most widely used in the English nomenclature to describe sexual and wild-eyed desire between females. The news show whitethorn be used as a noun, to r efer to women who identify themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of female gayness, or as an adjective, to describe characteristics of an object or activity related to female same-sex desire. Lesbian as a concept, used to differentiate women with a overlap sexual orientation, is a twentieth-century construct.Gay is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward/between males. Gay is a word (a noun or an adjective) that primarily refers to a homosexual person. The word gay arrived in English during the 12th century from old French gai, most likely deriving ultimately from a Germanic source. The term was originally used to refer to feelings of being carefree, happy, or bright and splashy it had also come to acquire some connotations of immorality as betimes as 1637.The terms use as a reference to homosexuality may date as early as the late 19th century, but its use gradually increased in the 20th century. In modern English, gay has com e to be used as an adjective, and as a noun, referring to the people, especially to men, and the practices and cultures associated with homosexuality. By the end of the 20th century, the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex. Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward males and females.The term is especially used in the context of human sexual attraction to denote romantic or sexual feelings toward men and women. It is one of the three main classifications of sexual orientation, along with a heterosexual and a homosexual orientation, all a part of the heterosexualhomosexual continuum. race who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other may identify themselves as bisexual. Transgender is a general term applied to a build of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally effected gender roles.Transgender is the st ate of ones gender identity (self-identification as woman, man, incomplete or both) not twin(a) ones assigned sex (identification by others as male, female or epicene based on physical/genetic sex). Transgender does not imply any specific form of sexual orientation transgender people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, or asexual some may consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them.The precise definition for transgender remains in flux, but includes Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unam expectantuously to conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but combines or moves between these. People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves. Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the sex (and assumed gender) one was assigned at birth. A transgender i ndividual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist knocked out(p)side of it as other, agender, Genderqueer, or third gender. Sexuality and gender have different impacts in each cultures laws, attitudes, and organizations. More laic and modernized societies often have more favorable treatment of LGBT individuals than societies which economic value tradition and religious piety.However, accurate generalizations are difficult to make all the same within Malaysia, attitudes towards LGBT individuals vary from person to person. Cultural differences in LGBT issues have large effects. Other cultures may have different ways of expressing affectionfor example, in India, it is common for same-sex friends to hold hands without any assumption of a romantic connectionor of categorizing gender and sexualityfor example, in parts of Latin America, a man is not considered gay if he engages in s ame-sex relation back as the insertive artner.Thus, American English terms and conceptualizations of LGBT issues may not straight translate. The visibility of LGBT individuals and organizations varies by culture. Some cultures have an underground LGBT scene where LGBT individuals are tolerated as long as they remain mainly closeted, whereas other cultures may have a more open and organized community of LGBT individuals. In addition, some cultures may provide legal protection for LGBT individuals and recognize their partnerships, while other cultures may criminalize same-sex chat.Globally in some land For example in Malaysia, Cross-dressing(Gender identity/expression) is not technically a crime. However, transgender individuals have often been arrested by police officers under the civil laws governing universe indecency, and if they are Muslim, can be further aerated by religious officers under Sharia Laws for impersonating women. For example, in 1998, Forty-five Muslim transves tites were charged and convicted in court for dressing as women, and xxiii more transgender persons set about similar fines and imprisonment in 1999.Finally, at that place may be major differences within the LGBT community in a specific culture for example, in parts of southeastern Asia it is considered culturally acceptable for a man to have sex with a feminine transgendered man, while there are no such provisions for women having sex with transgendered women. quirk The Christian Perspective (LESBIAN, unfearing & Bisexuality) In a world of moral confusion and ethical compromise, the principles for which the Holy account book stands, is directing the Christians in the right path to perfection and the way of life.The Christian point of view is based solely upon the script, the divinely inspired name of god. A truly Christian standard of morality is the conduct of divine revelation, not of statistical research or of humankind opinion. For the Christian, the Bible is th e final authority for both belief and conduct. The Explicitly the Bible teach about homosexuality can be considered as base because, if we accept Gods Word on the subject of homosexuality, we utility from His adequate answer to this problem as seen in Christianity.This project is have-to doe with only with the Christian or biblical view of homosexuality. The Bible has more to say about sex sins in general for a view in quirkiness in Christian perspective. First, there is adultery. Adultery in the natural sense is sexual intercourse of a married person with someone other than his or her own spouse. It is condemned in both the Old and New volitions (Exodus 2014 I Cor. 69, 10). Christ forbids inhabitation upon the thoughts, the free play of ones imagination that leads to adultery (Matthew 528).Second, there is fornication, the illicit sex acts of unmarried persons which is likewise forbidden (I Corinthians 51 613, 18 Ephesians 53). Then there is homosexuality which likewise is c ondemned in Scripture. The Apostle Paul, writing by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, declares that homosexuality shall not inherit the kingdom of God (I Corinthians 69 10). presently Paul does not single out the homosexual as a special offender. He includes fornicators, idolators, adulterers, thieves, covetous persons, drunkards, revilers and extortioners.And then he adds the comment that some of the Christians at Corinth had been delivered from these very practices And such were some of you But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the headmaster Jesus, and by the spirit of our God (I Corinthians 611). All of the sins mentioned in this modulation are condemned by God, but just as there was rely in Christ for the Corinthians, so is there hope for all of us. Homosexuality is an illicit lust forbidden by God. He said to His people Israel, Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind it is abomination (Leviticus 1822).If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination they shall surely be put to devastation their blood shall be upon them (Leviticus 2013). In these passages homosexuality is condemned as a prime example of sin, a sexual perversion. The Christian can neither alter Gods viewpoint nor depart from it. In the Bible sodomy is a synonym for homosexuality. God spoke plainly on the matter when He said, There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 2317).The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an dweller of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. allow us look at the passages in question But ahead they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter And they called unto Lot, and said u nto him, Where are the men hich came in to thee this night? Bring them out unto us, that we may know them. And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, And said, I tap you, brethren, do not so wickedly. Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man let me, I beseech you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your look only unto these men do nothing for therefore came they under the hindquarters of my roof. ( multiplication 194-8) The Hebrew word for know in verse 5 is yada, a sexual term.It is used frequently to denote sexual intercourse (Genesis 41, 17, 25 Matthew 124, 25). The message in the context of Genesis 19 is clear. Lot pled with the men to do not so wickedly. Homosexuality is wickedness and must be recognized as such else there is no hope for the homosexual who is asking for help to be extricated from his ungodly way of life. Romans 124-27 I Timothy 110 and Jude 7. If one takes these Scriptures seriously, homosex uality will be recognized as an evil. The Romans passage is remarkably clear.Paul attributes the moral depravity of men and women to their rejection of the truth of God (125). They refused to go for God in their knowledge (128), thereby dethroning God and deifying themselves. The Old Testament had clearly condemned homosexuality but in Pauls daytime there were those persons who rejected its teaching. Because of their rejection of Gods commands He punished their sin by delivering them over to it. The philosophy of substituting Gods Word with ones own reasoning commenced with Satan.He introduced it at the starting time of the human race by suggesting to Eve that she ignore Gods orders, assuring her that in so doing she would become like God with the post to discern good and evil (Genesis 31-5). That was Satans big lie. Paul said that when any person rejects Gods truth, his take care becomes reprobate, meaning void of sound judgment. The reprobate mind, having rejected Gods truth, is not capable of discerning good and evil. In Romans 126-31 twenty-three punishable sins are listed with homosexuality leading the list.Paul wrote, For this cause God gave them up into vile affections for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against personality And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was meet. (Romans 126, 27). These verses are telling us that homosexuals fulfill in their body and personality the inevitable consequences of their wrong doing.Notice that the behaviour of the homosexual is described as a vile affection (126). The Greek word translated vile (atimia) means filthy, dirty, evil, and dishonourable. The word affection in Greek is pathos, used by the Greeks of either a good or regretful desire. Here in the context of Romans it is used in a unfit sense. Th e vile affection is a degrading passion, a shameful lust. two the desire (lusting after) and the act of homosexuality are condemned in the Bible as sin.

Vadabandeshwara

INDEX An Eulogy of a Monument Cultural storey of India Manipal Institute of Communication Done by, Bipasha Mukherjee Devesh Bhatt Manasha Ganeshan Venumadhav Bhat M Vadabandeshwara synagogue is one of the some prominent and oldest synagogues of Udupi, the tabernacle town. This tabernacle is more than 800 years old. Malpe, the coastal post of Udupi houses the Vadabandeshwara temple. The temple is a few kilometers away from the shoreline. This is one of Karnatakas oldest temple. This temple primarily wor shipped captain Subrahmanya, although it is famous for housing the deity over victor Balarama, the brother of manufacturer Krishna.According to folklore, there was a sage by the label Vadabandeesha. He was a lepor. He could not tolerate the disease and he started to penance. master Subrahmanya satisfied by his penance decided to relieve him of his disease. The nobleman came in front of him and creviceed to cure him of his suffering, if he create a temple utilise to the o riginal. Sage Vadabandeesha then built the present temple in the ecclesiastics lay down. Hence, this temple is also known as Anantheshwara temple. Anantheshwara, universe the other name of Lord Subrahmanya.At present the main deity is Lord Balarama, the brother of Krishna. Hence, in one sense we can call this temple as the brother temple of the Udupi Krishna mutt where devotees from all over the domain tot to experience the lords grace. There is a folklore for Lord Balarama being the main deity now. The story goes that cod to somebody vandalizing the statue of Lord Subrahmanya one of the arms of the idol broke. Due to this the idol could not be kept in the temple for worshipping.So the people of the village decided to duck the idol into the temple pond and named the pond Skanda Pushkarani. Skanda, being yet some other name for Lord Subrahmanya or literally meaning the God of war. The great Vaishnavite Saint Shri Madhvacharya was meditating on the shores of Malpe. During thi s time he found that a ship was having trouble in the sea. So, he helped the ship to reach the shore. In gratitude the possessor of the ship gave Saint Madhvacharya 2 rocks. One of these rocks cracked and the idol of Lord Balarama came out.This idol of the lord was installed by the saint in Vadabandeshwara. The other sway contained the idol of the Lord Krishna which he installed in Udupi and built the famous Krishna Mutt. In dedication to Lord Subrahmanya the temple still houses a small statue of the lord along with Lord Balaramas idol. During the main festivities and celebrations he is kept as the Utsavamurthy and worshipped. The devotees usually are in many during the Mahalaya Amavasay (new moon day). They come to offer prayers to the lord and take a dip in the sea.The temple due to its proximity to sea is also a place where many hindus come and perform the 12-13 day pujas of the dead. Fishermen and navigators perform pujas here after the rainy gentle before entering the sea f or their voyage. The temple also houses smaller temples dedicate to the Lords Ganesh and Durgaparameshwari. It also houses the Navagraha Devagudi. A small temple dedicated to the nine planets. The temple is not built completely in the Dravidian musical mode of architecture. The idol of the main lord is installed in the main room around which the temple and the other smaller temples are built.The whole temple is built in the form of a square. But there are no Gopurams. Directly in front of the Lords room is the Dhwajastambha anchor were Lord Subrahmanyas statue is kept as the Utsavamurthy during the festivals. Behind this editorial is the Garudastambha pillar on which Lord Garudas idol has been chisseled. The Garudastambha pillar is important as both Lord Balarama and Subrahmanya are two different forms of the Adishesha (the seat of Lord Vishnu, a god in the form of a snake), Lord Garuda is the unless one who can bear the wrath of these two gods anger.This is ine of the Hindu m ythology beliefs based on which it is built Although now the temple worships the two different forms of Adishesha, International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISCKON) perform their bhajans and dances in the name of Lord Krishna here. So, it is evident that even though it is not a Krishna temple it has been given the importance that it needs from other sects also. Hence, from the above mentioned facts we can solve that Vadabandeshwara is one of the oldest and prominent temples of Udupi and we must do all that we can to not let this relic disappear into the sands of time.

Factors Affecting the Grades of Freshmen Engineering Students Essay

INTRODUCTIONThis chapter is the input section of the paper. It includes the background of the ascertain, the statement of the problem, hypotheses of the prove, hypothesis base (technical framework), its significance, as sound as the scope and the limitation of the take on, and its rendering of terms.Background of the occupyAcademic procedure according to the Cambridge University Reporter (2003) is oftentimes defined in terms of examination performance. College scoring is an exceptionally convoluted phenomenon because it is sphere to both external social forces and internal changes of the participants (for example, students, faculty) policies and practices (for example, grading policies) and new(prenominal) factors (Birnbaum, 1977)Ecoamists view grades as a reward for schoolman performance, which is fake to be related to individual academic energy as well as the quantity and effort the student puts forth in educational activites (Becker, 1965 Hanushek 1979)Psychologist indicate that motivation, self-effacy and other psychological variables all make differences inindividual achievement and grades (Bandura, 1994 fen and Roche, 2000 McKeachie and others, 1990) dexterity members have the primary responsibility in assessing student academic performance and assignment grades to students. Faculty backgrounds appear to matter somewhat in assigning grades to students. adjunct faculty members tend to distribute loftyer grades than regular faculty. (Chen and Cheng, 1999Sonner, 2000). Student academic ability and engagement in college ar important determinants in academic performance. (Pasc arlla and Terenzini, 1991). there are many possible factors why the students able to get high or low grades. These factors are classified into four categories student-related, instructor-related, environmental-related, and fiscal-related factors.Their grades based on their works throughout the semester. This mull is subjected to the Freshmen technology Students of the University of southeasterly Philippines. It attempts to determine the correlation coefficient of the perceived factors that may or may at affect the grades of the freshmen engineer students. By conducting canvas, the result will provide exact information on what will be the effective ways to achieve and maintain holy person grades for the students to pass their course. The study will also provide what are the canonical problems encountered by the freshmen plan students of University of southeasterly Philippines that affect their misbehavior. (repository, 2011)Statement of the ProblemThe study aims to determine the Perceived Factors bear upon the Grades of Freshmen of College of plan of the University of Southeastern Philippines S.Y. 2012 2013More specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions1. To what extent is the academic performance of the Freshmen design studentsHypotheses of the StudyThe following are the hypotheses of the study1.) Teacher-re lated factors1.1. at that place is a probative relationship among the modulation of voice of the instructor to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.2. at that place is a meaning(a) relationship amid the pedagogics strategy of the instructor to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.3. in that respect is a momentous relationship between the mastery of the teachers subject matter to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 1.4. at that place is a significant relationship between the outputs disposed by the teacher to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.2.) Student-related factors2.1. There is a significant relationship between the students interest to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.2. There is a significant relationship between the students-professor relationship to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.3. There is a significant relationship between the student-parent relationship to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 2.4. There is a significant relationship between peer pressure to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.3.) Financial-related factors3.1. There is a significant relationship between financial financial aid to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 3.2. There is a significant relationship between calculate management to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 3.3. There is a significant relationship between the demand of needs or requirements to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.4.) Environmental-related factors4.1. There is a significant relationship between the schools ambiance to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students. 4.2. There is a significant relationship between the schools facilities to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.Theory BaseThis study is in the beginning anchored on John Riley & Sons, Inc. which states that the factors mentioned that affects the grades of the College students are Economic View, Faculty, Institution, and the students self-interest. College grading is an exceptionally complex phenomenon because it is subject to both external social forces and internal changes of the participants (for example, students, faculty) policies and practices (for example, grading policies) and other factors (Birnbaum, 1977)Ecoamists view grades as a reward for academic performance, which is assumed to be related to individual academic ability as well as the quantity and effort the student puts forth in educational activites (Becker, 1965 Hanushek 1979) Psychologist suggest that motivation, self-effacy and other psychological variables all make differences inindividual achievement and grades (Bandura, 1994 Marsh and Roche, 2000 McKeachie and others, 1990)Faculty members have the primary responsibility in assessing student academic performance and assigning grades to students. Faculty backgrouds appear to matter somewhat in assigning grades to students. adjunct faculty members tend to distributehigher grades than regular faculty. (Chen and Cheng, 1999Sonner, 2000). Institutional characteristics charm grading practices. Grades are not uniformly awarded across institutional types. in the public eye(predicate) institutions tend to award lower gradescompared with their private counterparts.Students at different Carnegie-type institutions peck different grades. Students at doctoral universities tend toreceive the highest grades compared with students enrolled in other types of schools. (Kuh and Hu, 1999) This surmisal suggests that self-interest (students performance), faculty, institution, and financial-based factors could affect the grades of the students. This theory strongly supports the hypotheses of the study.Conceptual Framework go steady 1 shows the self-sufficient and dependent variables of the study. The study attempts to identify the relationship between the teacher-related, student-related, financial-relat ed, and environmental-related factors to the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philippines.Independent VariableDependent VariableTeacher- related factors* Modulation of teachers voice.* Classroom management.* Teaching strategy.* Mastery of the subject/subject matter.* Outputs given to the students.Student-related factors* Student-interest.* Student-professor relationship.* Student-parent relationship.* Peer pressure.Financial-related factors* Financial assistance.* Budget management.* Demand of needs or requirements.Grades of the Engineering students of the University of Southeastern PhilippinesFigure 1. Schematic Diagram of the StudyVariables of the studyThe independent variables (IV) of the study are the following classification of factors teacher-related, student-related, financial-related, and environmental-related factors. Thus these factors could or could at affect the dependent variable (DV) which is the grades of the Freshmen Engin eering Students of the University of Southeastern Philippines.Teacher-related factors. The modulation of the teachers voice, classroom management, teaching strategy, mastery of the subject or subject matter, and the outputs given by the teacher could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.Student-Related factors. The students interest, student-professor relationship, student-parent relationship, and peer pressure could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.Environmental-Related factors. The financial assistance given to the student, budget management, and the demand of needs or requirements could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students.Significance of the StudyThe study was conducted in general to provide information regarding The Perceived Factors Affecting the Failing Grades of Freshmen of College of Engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines S.Y. 2012 2013.The feedback of this study would benefit the following Teachers. This study informs the teachers to be aware for the cases of the students whove been pack in failing their subjects and help them motivate the students to listen properly during class hours and to fulfill their requirements given to them. Students.This study encourage the students to be more prudent and more serious of their studies. Parents. This study helps the parents to be aware of their students needs in school. That includes their financial assistance and parental guidance to their students. Future researchers. This study would serve well as a reference to their studies and could be counted as a received source. Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe study focuses on the Perceived Factors Affecting the Failing Grades of Freshmen of College of Engineering of the University of Southeastern Philippines. Generated to a survey questionnaire is our primary selective information used which was also used in interview guide with the studen ts. The respondents of the study were randomly picked ten (10) students of every section in the said department.The study covers the first semester of the school year 2012-2013.Definition of Terms* Freshmen Engineering students. This refers to the participants of the study which are taking their college degree in the University of Southeastern Philppines, Barrio Obrero, Davao City. * Teacher-related factors. This refers to the factors in which the teacher is the one world subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the teacher-related factors are modulation of teachers voice, classroom management, teaching strategy, mastery of the subject matter, and the outputs given to the students.* Student-related factors. This refers to the factors in which the student is the one existence subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the Un iversity of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the student-related factors are students interest, student-professor relationship, student-parent relationship, and peer pressure.* Environmental-related factors.This refers to the factors in which the environment is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the environmental-related factors are schools ambiance and the schools facilities.* Financial-related factors.This refers to the factors in which money is the one being subjected that could or could at affect the grades of the freshmen Engineering students of the University of Southeastern Philppines. In this study, the financial-related factors are financial assistance, budget management, demand of needs or requirements.

Finance and Business

athletic field Guide Test 1 Small traffic BSMG 2410 TEST 1 REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How a communication channel plan rump be useful. A working blueprint outlining ? nances and direction for a parvenue start-up or expansion. Gives you something you see. 2. The doorways to small caper ownership. There argon cardinal doorways to small business organization sector ownership. 1. Buy an existing business. 2. Buy a prerogative 3. Start a brisk business. 3. not i of the ten orca factors. The Ten Killer Factors for Entrepreneurs 1. Weak personality 2. The loner syndrome 3. Nebulous business ideas 4. No plan 5. Too little financial backing 6.Cash-flow troubles 7. No marketing strategy 8. No controlling 9. The wrong raft 10. Underestimating the contestation 4. non one of the ten success factors. The Ten Success Factors for Entrepreneurs 1. Willingness to make it 2. Self-confidence 3. A clear business idea 4. The Business platform 5. Exact control of finances 6. Targeted marke ting 7. A step earlier of the competition 8. Management support 9. Cooperation 10. Clear comp each structure 5. Not good advice for a budding entrepreneur. When you are the boss, you do-nothing take it easy. 6. Not one of the key points for successful entrepreneurs.Entrepreneur A visionary self-starter who loves the adventure of a new-fangled enterprise and is willing to risk his or her own property 7. Characteristics of todays changing family. 8. Impact facts closely the baby boomer generation. Baby boomers Persons born between 1946 and 1963 Increase in population retreat age. They will probably be your customers. Pg. 33 Baby boomers make up 70% of the population. Have a steady income. 9. Not an example of the new living arrangements. Living arrangements are changing and evolving. 10. What is accomplished by the probability Selection Funnel 11.Not one of the product life-cycle stagesThe Life Cycle Stages A. fertilized egg B. Growth C. Mature D. Decline 12. What is include in primary seek? Secondary query Reading and using previously published (primary) research 13. Steps in luck selection. Pg. 56 1. Keep personal and business objectives in mind through the filtering process 2. Learn more about your favorite industry. 3. Identify 3 to 5 promising segments 4. Through research, lay problems that need solutions. 5. Brainstorm for solutions 6. Mesh possible solutions with your objective 7. Concentrate on the most promising opportunities. 4. What is gained by doing primary and secondary research? From my understanding, primary coil and Secondary research are the difference in conducting the research. In primitive research, there is no information available for the researcher hence the researcher has to start from scratch. This essence that the researcher needs to design questionnaires, collect entropy from respondents and then analyses the result. If you are doing secondary research, the researcher have the necessary entropy available. These inf o are made available through other publications or reports, like newspaper or annual reports of companies.If the researcher is doing secondary research, there is no need to start from scratch he or she uses the data or information done by other organizations or publications. The of the essence(p) thing is that there are advantages and harms for both methods. Primary research is more time consuming and costly. While some secondary research may not suit the researchers needs. 15. Consider industry breakthroughs. 16. Parts of the NAICS structure. Pg. 62 uniting Ameri throw out Industry compartmentalization System (NAICS) 1. Industry sector (20 major sectors) 2. Industry subsector 3. Industry group 4. Industry . U. S, Canadian, or Mexican subject specific industry 17. How trade shows work. 18. How to conduct primary research. Interviews 19. How to use a matrix grid. Measurement tool with which ideas are screened and evaluated in order to ? nd solutions 20. What can be gain from m arket research. Collection and analysis of data pertinent to current or potential viability of a product or service. Do the research up front will save you funds in the long run. 21. What is included in a media turnout. A media kit is a packet of information about your business that is created for use by the press.Its purpose is to provide media members with the necessary data to report on your business. Business Facts History Products/Services Bios Current News 22. Examples of target customers. Persons who have the highest likelihood of buying a product or service 23. Other things included in a media kit. Readership pro? les, and information, and market research developed by times for potential advertisers 24. Helpful websites in profiling target customers. www. newslink. org www. mediafinder. com www. brint. com www. sba. gov 25. What Claritas information is base on.A company providing a household segmentation tool that concisely describes and categorizes people by their age, income level, and social preferences. It is a sister company of National termination Systems Psychographic Descriptive information on values, attitudes, and lifestyles SHORT ANSWER Chapter 1 26. inform two (2) reasons why a business plan is critical to a small business. 27. Provide two (2) reasons for and two reasons against starting your own business. For specu upstart Security, in todays economy this is one way of curb an income. You get to choose your schedule and work with flexibility- This has its benefits for sure.Being able to schedule more or less activities and practices and school is nice. However, it can also mean that you are working late into the evening. Just know that you have to be prepared for this Against It takes a potful of work. Ive been seeing with entrepreneurs for more than 30 years now, and Ive never seen even one of them who worked less while building a business than when he or she was an employee, or a student, or something else. Failure can cost yo u big time. Businesses do fail, and not always through the duty period of the owner. Even good decisions have bad outcomes. There are a lot of factors you cant control.I know people whose business calamity cost them their sense of self, plus their life births. If you cant deal with the possibility, dont go there. 28. Provide an advantage and a disadvantage of each of the tierce methods of getting into business. Starting from scratch, buying an existing business, enfranchisement Chapter 2 29. Explain through the use of an example what is meant by new eyes research. Trends, what people will be doing in the future. Helps provide feedback 30. What are the four (4) stages of a product life cycle and explain which one should be avoided. A. EmbryoB. Growth C. Mature D. Decline you want to avoid because this means you an a downhill ride and there is no more opportunity for expanding. 31. Explain the concept of brainstorming. It refers to focusing on one subject and transcription many id eas and different direction that idea takes you down so you can expand upon them in future works you create. Dont be afraid to deliberate and follow wandering thoughts. 32. Explain how the changing family could open up any two (2) possible small business opportunities. The number of grandparents raising their grandchildren has increased. Chapter 3 3. Explain how the NASIC/SIC codes are set-up and how they can be used for forum business information. (pg. 62) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS, pronounced Nakes) was developed as the standardised for use by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, analysis, and publication of statistical data related to the business economy of the U. S. NAICS was developed under the auspices of the Office of Management and budget (OMB), and adopted in 1997 to replace the old Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.It was also developed in cooperation with the statistical ag encies of Canada and Mexico to establish a 3-country standard that allows for a high level of comparability in business statistics among the cardinal countries. NAICS is the first economic classification system to be constructed based on a single economic concept. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was to begin with developed in the 1930s to classify establishments by the type of activity in which they are primarily engaged and to promote the comparability of establishment data describing various facets of the U.S. economy. 34. Explain how a matrix to mesh desires with ideas works for the entrepreneur. Chapter 4 35. Describe how an entrepreneur can use a mass- market magazine to generate a profile of its target customers. Handouts 36. Discuss any terce (3) traits from Successful Small Businesses Share Five Traits. 37. Discuss any three (3) points from Getting a business of the ground is hard work. 38. Discuss the relationship between happiness, passion, and owning a sm all business.

Child and Adolescent Psychology

What we stimulate here Is a set of new parents who find themselves In this position, and although they produce discovered two likely candidates for caregivers, they also exact an early(a) consult that most families deal with a budget. According to our assignment, solar twenty-four hours care 1 has everything a couple could want, whereas twenty-four hour period care 2 meets the state standard, merely is lacking In some of the much extracurricular areas. From our text we enjoy that this state In a babes life is very essential, and that their development Is progressing at rapid rates, but Just how important are these extra items solar day care 1 has, compared to the minimum items provided by day care 2?They are both(prenominal) safe areas for children, the concern for the childs safety isnt an issue, but the parents truly prefer the first day care over the second. So would gold be beaver spent if they Just saved it for some other family need? Would the extra Items at day care 1 genuinely make that big of a deference? According to our text you may be surprised by the answer, It seems babies do much Han just recreation every last(predicate) day, and even when they are just lying virtually, they are scholarship more than one might expect.There has been some debate ab reveal when an baby begins to recognize shapes and forms, but with no doubt we eff that very tender babys detect contours of visual stimuli, (like hair, or the chin), but not long aft(prenominal) they begin to notice the internal patterns as well. Older Infants additionally scan and analyze the components of complex stimuli, scanning a variety of their visual properties and carrying out a much more deliberate, and focused search. Hat does this mean for day care option 1?It means that those painting on the skirt that may just look like good decorations, or glassy objects, are actually developmental tools that can help infants practice their more organized observations. (Bug aboo, Child and adolescent development Chip 6, Pig 1 90) If we have learned anything through the endless debate of nature and nurture, It Is that the surround does play an important role in the development of people all throughout their lives. We also know that day care 2 has more children per caregiver ND that could be a concern for the new parents.Although thither is debate between nature and nurture, both sides have agreed that both play a role in healthy development day care 1 giving more attention per Infant could have more positive results. According to Erosions Stages of Psychosocial Development, babies must find consistency, premeditatedly, Ana relativity In tenet caregivers Detonators to gain a sense of trust and hope. We also know that Erikson believed that this process begins at birth and continues until about 1 year of age.With this nurture we can see why having few infants per care giver could be very beneficial to the new parents child, versus having that attention sp lit between other infants. (Bugaboo, Child and adolescent development Chip 1, Page) adjunct is very important for humans and the more I read about it, the more it seems you that get one really good shot at it. Attachment is that delicate time when a child bond with its caregiver, usually a mother, but not limited to other people to a trustworthy degree, and more one on one time given to the child is more time to assist the child in developing a healthy attachment.While this isnt the primary goal of a day care center, it is nonetheless taking place, even if it isnt consciously being practiced by the caregiver. With day care 1 we have more visual stimuli for the infant to observe, and more time with a caregiver, but what about the extra toys, and blocks lying around? Seniority stage (in Paginating theory), is the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to approximately two years of age, in which thought is based primarily on action.One specific part of the seniority diag ram is the Coordination of Secondary Schemes, n which the infant is attempting to achieve a goal with their actions. This can be something as straightforward as finding Wald, or more likely, for an infant, finding a create block that is missing from the table. The more objects there are for the infant to act with, the more objects there are for the infant to hone their skills on. With all of this in mind we can see that day care 1 offers the best opportunity for healthy development given the items which assist in cognitive, social, and carnal developments.

Marketing Management: Why Some Companies

The growing demand for large businesses success in the merchandise is now challenged by stiff competition. This take leaveicular competition then drives large organizations to denudation alternatives of scrutiny the society whether they ar going to accept the saucily launched products or non. One ill-tempered type of such process is market testing. What is market testing?Market testing refers to the way by which the organizations try to mark out if their products that is to be launched in the market be accepted and be well patronized or not. Of course, entranceway a product without rattling knowing at least an overview of the results is much risky especially for newly established production companies. For several years, market testing has been treated by business organizations as a large disadvantage for large companies. However, done years of observation, market testing has also been noted to have nigh certain flaws that reduce its advantage for producing companies. Th is particular information shall be minded(p) deeper discussion within the paragraphs that would follow.The DisadvantagesThere ar at least ternion major disadvantages of market testing that makes it less-appealing to producing companies of the modern economyHints of product characteristics to the competitors in the industry it could not be denied that among the people who ar to be prone samples of the product for the sake of testing may come from other companies who are competing with the organization. Once they get hold of the product, it is not impossible that the knowledge that they top about it shall be used against the organization itself. Thus, the hints of the products strengths and weaknesses may be used by other companies to sabotage its formal launching to the market.Excess of production expenses spent for the samples Most often than not, this is considered to be part of the production budget. As part of marketing, creating samples for the public indeed costs the sh ips company certain percentage of expenses. This is supposed to be eliminated to control the production excess. Certainly, this particular aspect of expense could be reduced if market testing is not utilized by the organization.Unsure Results from the Test Usually, those who respond to the promotional stage are not a hundred percent interested in the product. Moreover, they intend to appreciate the product at the time because of its being free. Hence, the statistical reports done after the testing is not anymore that assuring to the company. shuttingSince there are major disadvantages in the usage of market testing methods, survey analysis are more effective at the dumbfound system of industrial and commercial advancement of business organizations. From this particular method, they are not only able to protect the entities of their new products but they are also able to take good care of their reputation and trademark as they keep it secret from their competitors in their own fie ld of business.It is the charter of market analysis procedures to lessen the expenses of the organization from promotional activities and at the selfsame(prenominal) time increase the possibility of their production success in the market. Hence, to do so, several organizations try to do away with the utilization of Market exam and shift to its alternative of market survey analysis which is gained from ample research.BIBLIOGRAPHYBert Vermeulen. bare(a) MARKET TESTING. (2003).

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is a touching tommyrot of the friendship between both menset against the backdrop of the join States during the depression of the 1930s. The book addresses the real hopes and dreams of working-class America. Steinbecks short novel raises the make its of the hapless and dispossessed to a higher, symbolic level. The novel opens with two workers who are ford the country on foot to find work. George is a cynical, irresolute man. George looks aft(prenominal) his companion, Lennietreating him like a br different.Lennie is a giant man of incredible strength, provided has a metal disability that makes him slow-to-learn and almost child-like. George and Lennie had to flee the last t ownspeople because Lennie touched a womans dress and hed been accused of rape. They begin to work at a ranch, and they share their dream they want to own their own ingredient of land and farm for themselves. They feel dispossessed and unable to control their own lives. The climactic moment of the novel revolves around Lennies love of soft things. He pets the hair of Curleys wife, but she gets scared.In the resulting struggle, Lennie kills her and runs away. The farmhands form a lynch face pack to punish Lennie, but George finds him first. George understands that Lennie cannot live in the world, and he wants to save him the offend and terror of being lynched, so he shoots him in the back of the head. The literary power of Of Mice and Men rests firmly on the relationship between the two central characters, their friendship and their shared dream. These two men are so very different, but they come together, stay together, and support each other in a world full of people who are bare and al maven.In a way, Of Mice and Men is an extremely despondent novel. The novel shows the dreams of a small group of people and then contrasts these dreams with a reality that is unreachable, which they cannot achieve. even so though the dream never becomes reality, St einbeck does leave us with an optimistic message. George and Lennie do not achieve their dream, but their friendship stands out as a shining example of how people can live and love even in a word of alienation and disconnectedness.Its powerful ending is climactic and shocking to the extreme. But, we also come to an understanding of the tragedy of life. Regardless of the sufferings of those who live it, life goes on. The book is great, highly recommended. Theres so more than human nature in those few pages, its just horrendous how Steinbeck managed to pack it all in so nicely. Many of the most major and fundamental principles of the human psyche are here self-esteem, meaning to ones life, loneliness, friendship, love. The book is a masterpiece.

The Impact of Wach Tv Children

Title -The jounce of guide tv set for Children The Case of Children nonice telecasting in Ethiopia Chapter sensation 1. Introduction 1. 1 Back Ground video recording (TV) has its uncorrupted side. It ground defecate be entertaining and educational, and force out open up new worlds for kids, bountiful them a chance to travel the globe, guide astir(predicate) different cultures, and tally scene to ideas they whitethorn never encounter in their own community. Shows with a prosaically mess objet dart loafer permit a positive force-out on kids behaviour programs with positive role models washbowl influence viewing audience to make positive lifestyle changes.However, the reverse kindle also be unfeigned Kids ar credibly to learn things from TV that pargonnts dont want them to learn. TV mess dissemble kids wellness, appearance and family life in ban styles. Whether good or big(p), picture has plant its way into the lives of people all all all over the wo rld and it an consequential p dodge of life for many. Some consider it to be a long invention while differents say that it harms people and society. here(predicate) is a summary of those thoughts. Television is se parate the main or whole source of victimisation close current razets and biased or misfortunate enshrouding aro work deliver inaccurate or mis run lowing entropy and opinion.Ethiopian Television was established in 1964 with assistance from the British firm, Thomson. It was created to highlight the arranging of African Unity (OAU) meeting that took place in Addis Ababa that same year. warp idiot box broadcast began in 1982 in commemoration of the showing of Workers party of Ethiopia (WPE). The current structure and goals of ETV were established 1987 with Proclamation This research whitethorn agree general and specific ara of in Addis Ababa, baberen touch tv that its impact.The television receiver and channel clients argon increasing every day light around the urban center so, we urgency to the advant geezerhood and disadvantages in the children see tv. 1. 2 Statement of the puzzle In recent years, TV, video and DVD programs throw away come on the tradeand now compensate a cable channel for children. We dont confine it off yet what effect TV-viewing by children whitethorn have on their development. We do have intercourse that succession fatigued honoring TV replaces age spent interacting with c argivers and other children. Social interaction is critical to a childs healthy affected.A great deal is known nearly children and television, because there have been thousands of studies on the subject. explore has studied how TV affects kids residue, w viii, grades, conduct, and to a greater extent. Spending time observation TV can take time away from healthy activities give care active knead outside with friends, eating dinner to bemuseher as a family, or translateing. TV time also takes away from participatin g in sports, music, art or other activities that require practice to become skillful. Children can be exposed to programming that is not appropriate for their age.Adult themes of switch on and wildness are far too easily accessed and they destroy the innocence of children. Adults frequently put down many hours each day realiseing television to the detriment of work or family life. 1. 3 Objectives This research goal to show the impact of watching TV children among the cultural, society and school life in Addis Ababa. To show the enigma and recommend the way of protecting and minimizing the problem through awareness of the research. How fine-looking a presence is TV in kids lives? * TV viewing among kids is at an eight-year high.On average, children ages 2-5 use 32 hours a week in front of a TVwatching television, DVDs, DVR and videos, and using a game console. Kids ages 6-11 pass along more or less 28 hours a week in front of the TV. The vast bulk of this viewing (97%) is of live TV 1. * 71% of 8- to 18-year-olds have a TV in their bedroom 1a 54% have a DVD/videocassette recorder player, 37% have cable/satellite TV, and 20% have pension channels 2. * Media technology now offers much ways to access TV theme, such(prenominal) as on the Internet, cell phones and iPods.This has led to an increase in time spent viewing TV, even as TV-set viewing has declined. 41% of TV-viewing is now online, time-shifted, DVD or mobile 2a. * In nigh(predicate) two-thirds of households, the TV is usually on during meals 3. * In 53% of households of 7th- to 12th-graders, there are no rules about TV watching 4. * In 51% of households, the TV is on most of the time 5. * Kids with a TV in their bedroom spend an average of almost 1. 5 hours more than per day watching TV than kids without a TV in the bedroom. * many another(prenominal) parents encourage their toddlers to watch television. set about out more about TV in the lives of children ages zero to six. * chance ou t more about media in the lives of 8- to 18-year olds. As you can see, if your child is typical, TV is performing a very big role in their life. Here are approximately key research findings to keep in mind as you decide what kind of role you want TV to play in your family * TV viewing is probably replacing activities in your child s life that you would rather have them do (things like playing with friends 6 , universe physically active, getting fresh air, reading, playing imaginatively, doing homework 7, doing chores). Kids who spend more time watching TV (both with and without parents and siblings present) spend less time interacting with family members. 8 * Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades 8a, sleep problems, way problems, obesity, and essayy behavior. * Most childrens programming does not initiate what parents say they want their children to learn many shows are filled with stereotypes, fierce solutions to problems, and tight behavior. * Advertisers target kids, and on average, children see tens of thousands of TV commercials each year 9. This includes many ads for unhealthy snack foods and drinks.Children and youth see, on average, about 2,000 beer and wine ads on TV each year 10. * Kids see favorite characters smoking, drinking, and mixed in cozy situations and other risky behaviors in the shows and movies they watch on TV. * More on how television viewing affects children. * For more detailed information on these and other issues, read on. Does TV affect childrens brain development? With television programsand even a cable channeldesigned and marketed specifically for babies, whether kids chthonian two years of age should be watching becomes an strategic question.While we are learning more all the time about untimely brain development, we do not yet have a crown idea how television may affect it. Some studies link earlier TV viewing with later attention problems, such as ADHD. However, other experts disagree with these re sults. One force field found that TV viewing beforehand age 3 slightly hurt several measures of later cognitive development, but that in the midst of ages three and five it slightly armed serviceed reading rafts 11. The American honorary society of Pediatrics takes a better-safe-than-sorry stance on TV for young children 12. It may be tempting to put your infant or toddler in front of the television, specially to watch shows created just for children under age two. But the American Academy of Pediatrics says Dont do it These early years are crucial in a childs development. The Academy is bear on about the impact of television programming intended for children young than age two and how it could affect your childs development. Pediatricians strongly oppose targeted programming, especially when its used to market toys, games, dolls, unhealthy food and other products to toddlers.Any positive effect of television on infants and toddlers is clam up open to question, but the ben efits of parent-child interactions are proven. Under age two, clacking, singing, reading, audition to music or playing are far more important to a childs development than any TV show. In addition, TV can discourage and replace reading. Reading requires much more thinking than television, and we know that reading fosters young peoples healthy brain development. Kids from families that have the TV on a lot spend less time reading and being read to, and are less likely to be able to read 13.What about TV and aggressive or blood-red behavior? literally thousands of studies since the 1950s have asked whether there is a link between ikon to media ferocity and knock-down-and-drag-out behavior. both but 18 have answered, Yes. The demo from the research is overwhelming. According to the AAP, Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. 14 reflexion violent shows is also linked with having less empathy toward others 14a. An average American child willing see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by age 18 15. * Two-thirds of all programming pays violence 16. * Programs designed for children more often contain violence than adult TV 17. * Most violent acts go unpunished on TV and are often accompanied by humor. The consequences of homophile suffering and loss are rarely depicted. * many shows glamorize violence. TV often promotes violent acts as a fun and effective way to get what you want, without consequences 18. Even in G-rated, animated movies and DVDs, violence is commonoften as a way for the good characters to solve their problems. Every angiotensin-converting enzyme U. S. animated feature film produced between 1937and 1999 contained violence, and the amount of violence with engrossed to injure has change magnitude over the years 19. * Even good guys crush up bad guys gives a message that violence is normal and okay. Many children will try to be like their good guy heroes in their play. * Children imitate the violence they see on TV.Children under age eight cannot tell the difference between reality and fantasy, making them more threatened to learning from and adopting as reality the violence they see on TV 20. * Repeated exposure to TV violence makes children less sensitive toward its personal do on victims and the human suffering it causes. * A University of Michigan researcher demonstrate that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need 20a. Read about the study here easily Numb change Effects of Violent Media on Helping Others. Viewing TV violence reduces inhibitions and leads to more aggressive behavior. * Watching television violence can have long-term effects * A 15-year-long study by University of Michigan researchers found that the link between childhood TV-violence viewing and aggressive and violent behavior persists into adulthood 21. * A 17-year-long study f ound that teenaged boys who grew up watching more TV each day are more likely to commit acts of violence than those who watched less 22. * Even having the TV on in the home is linked to more aggressive behavior in 3-year-olds.This was irrespective of the type of programming and regardless of whether the child was actually watching the TV 23. What parents can do * According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media education can help kids become less susceptible to the bad effects of watching violent TV. Some studies have shown that kids who received media education had less violent behavior after watching violent programs. Teach your kids to be media savvy. rise up out more about media literacy. * Watch with your kids, so if the programming turns violent, you can discuss what happened to put it in a context you want your kids to learn. enjoy what your kids are watching. Decide what programs are appropriate for their age and personality, and stick to your rules. * To minify pee r pressure to watch violent shows, you may want to talk to the parents of your childs friends and agree to similar rules. * Visit YourChild Managing Television Tips for Your Family for more ideas. For more on TV violence and kids * Key Facts TV Violencea report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. * A 1993 summary of few of the research on TV violence and behavior. * Television Violence Content, Context, and Consequences. The national Television Violence Study (NTVS). * Television Violence A Review of the Effects on Children of Different Agesa 1995 70-page report and refresh of the literature. * Violence in the MediaPsychologists Help Protect Children from perverting Effects Decades of psychological research confirms that media violence can increase aggression. * Comfortably Numb Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping OthersThis study by a University of Michigan researcher demonstrates that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need. Joint Stat ement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children Congressional Public Health jacket crowna statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, American. Academy of Child & angstrom Adolescent Psychiatry, American Psychological Association, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Psychiatric Association. Can TV scare or scandalize kids? Children can come to view the world as a mean and scary place when they take violence and other disturbing themes on TV to be accurate in real life. Symptoms of being shake or upset by TV stories can include bad dreams, anxious feelings, being afraid of being alone, withdrawing from friends, and missing school. * Fears caused by TV can cause sleep problems in children 24. * Scary-looking things like grotesque monsters especially shake upen children aged two to seven. Telling them that the images arent real does not help because kids under age eight cant always tell the difference between fantasy and real ity. * Many children exposed to scary movies regret that they watched because of the intensity of their reverence reactions. Children ages 8-12 years who view violence are often frightened that they may be a victim of violence or a intrinsic disaster. * Violent threats shown on TV can cause school-aged kids (8-12) to feel fright and worry. When the threat is shown as news it creates stronger fears than when it is shown as fictional 25. How does watching television affect performance in school? * TV viewing may replace activities that we know help with school performance, such as reading, doing homework, prosecute hobbies, and getting enough sleep. * One research study found that TVs effects on education were long term.The study found that watching TV as a child affected educational achievement at age 26. Watching more TV in childhood increased chances of dropping out of school and decreased chances of getting a college degree, even after dictatorial for confounding factors 26. * Watching TV at age four was one factor found to be familiar spiritd with bullying in grade school 27. Can TV influence childrens attitudes toward themselves and others? Lets take a look at what kids see on TV, and how it can affect their beliefs about race and gender * Children learn to accept the stereotypes represented on television.After all, they see them over and over. * When non-whites are shown on TV, they tend to be stereotyped. * A review of the research on gender bias shows that the gender-biased and gender-stereotyped behaviors and attitudes that kids see on television do affect how they see male and female roles in our society. * Television and movies do not often show Asians or Asian Americans, and when they do, they function to show the diversity in Asian American culture 28. * come down women are disproportionately represented on TV.The heavier a female character, the more negative comments were made about her 29. * In 1990s commercials, white men more often were d epicted as strong, while white women were shown as hinge upon objects. African American men more often were pictured as aggressive and African American women, as inconsequential 30. * Ads for household items, like cleaning products, usually feature women 31. * G-rated movies are commonly viewed by younger childrenoften over and over on DVD, and perceived by parents as safe for little kids.However, in these movies, whether live action or animated, males are shown more than females, by three to one, they are not often shown in relationships, and do not solve problems peacefully 32. * In G-movies, characters of color are under-represented, and are usually shown as sidekicks, comic relief, or bad guys. anthropoid characters of color are more aggressive and isolated 33. * Music videos over-represent vague males as aggressors, and white females as victims, compared to actual demographic data 34. To learn more, visit the Center for Media Literacys page on Stereotyping and Representation How are children represent on TV? A study by a ag concourse called Children NOW of how children are shown on local TV news, found that 35 * some half of all stories about children focus on crime (45%). * Children score for over a quarter of the U. S. population but only 10% of all local news stories. * African American children account for more than half of all stories (61%) involving children of color, followed by Latino children (32%).Asian Pacific American and inherent American children are virtually invisible on local news. * African American boys are more likely than any other grouping to be portrayed as perpetrators of crime and violence whereas Caucasian girls are most likely to be shown as victims. Can TV affect my childs health? Yes, TV is a public health issue in several different ways. First of all, kids get dissever of information about health from TV, much of it from ads. Ads do not generally give true or balanced information about healthy lifestyles and food cho ices.The majority of children who watch health-related commercials believe what the ads say. Second, watching lots of television can lead to childhood obesity and toilsome. Finally, TV can promote risky behavior, such as try dangerous stunts, substance use and abuse, and irresponsible intimate behavior. Children who watch more TV are more likely to be overweight * University of Michigan researchers found that just being awake and in the room with the TV on more than two hours a day was a risk factor for being overweight at ages three and four-and-a-half. 34 * The effects can carry on into adult weight problems.Weekend TV viewing in early childhood affects body mass list (BMI), or overweight in adulthood. 35 * University of Michigan researchers and their colleagues who investigated whether diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior or television viewing predicted body mass index (BMI) among 3- to 7-year-old children, found that physical activity and TV viewing are most associate d with overweight risk. TV was a bigger factor than diet. Inactivity and TV became stronger predictors as the children aged 36. * Children who watch TV are more likely to be inactive and tend to snack while watching TV. Many TV ads encourage unhealthy eating habits. Two-thirds of the 20,000 TV ads an average child sees each year are for food and most are for high-sugar foods. After-school TV ads target children with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, like fast food and sugary drinks 37, 38. * All television shows, even educational non-commercial shows, replace physical activity in your childs life. * While watching TV, the metabolic rate seems to go even frown than during rest 39. This means that a person would burn fewer calories while watching TV than when just sitting quietly, doing secret code. The food and beverage industriousness targets children with their television marketing, which may include commercials, product placement, and character licensing. Most of the produc ts pushed on kids are high in total calories, sugars, salt, and fat, and low in nutrients 40. * Children watching Spanish-language TV after school and in the evening see lots of ads for food and drink. Much of it targets kids and most of the ads are for unhealthy foods like dulcorate drinks and fast food. This advertising may play a role in the high risk of overweight in Latino kids 40a. Results from recent studies have reported success in reducing excess weight achieve in preadolescents by restricting TV viewing 41. Childhood TV habits are a risk factor for many adult health problems * One study looked at adults at age 26, and how much TV they had watched as children. Researchers found that 17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of smoking, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 hours a day during childhood and adolescence. This was after controlling for confounding variables 42. Children may attempt to mimic stunts seen on TV Injuries are the leading cause of death in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior. * Kids have been injured trying to repeat dangerous stunts they have seen on television shows. * Many kids watch TV clean events. Researchers surveyed TV sports event ads to assess what kids might be seeing. Almost half of all commercial breaks during sporting events contained at least one ad that showed unsafe behavior or violence 43. Watching TV can cause sleep problems * Television viewing is associated with change sleep patterns and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Regular sleep schedules are an important part of healthy sleep. A recent study found that infants and toddlers who watch TV have more irregular sleep schedules. More research is indispensable to find out whether the TV viewing is the cause 44. * Those sleep disturbances may persist. Teens who watched three or more hours of TV per day had higher risk of sleep prob lems by early adulthood 45. * Find out more in this research brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation Childrens Media Use and sopor Problems Issues and Unanswered Questions. TV viewing may promote inebriant use The presence of alcohol on TV runs the gamut from drinking or public lecture about drinking on prime-time shows, to beer ads, to logos displayed at sporting events. * Many studies have shown that alcoholic drinks are the most common beverage portrayed on TV, and that they are almost never shown in a negative light. * Recent studies have shown that exposure to drinking in movies increases the likelihood that viewers themselves will have positive thoughts about drinking 45a. * Alcohol has negatively charged effects on young peoples developing brainsand the malign can be permanent.TV ads are a major factor in normalizing alcohol use in the minds of children, adolescents and college students 46. * Ads for alcohol portray people as being happier, sexier, and more successful wh en they drink. Alcohol advertising, including TV ads, contributes to an increase in drinking among youth 47. * Television ads for alcohol, such as alcopop, which combine the unused taste of soda pop in a liquor-branded malt beverage, may target youth, especially girls and Hispanic and African American kids 47a. The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) at Georgetown University found that in 2003, the eyeshade 15 prime time programs most popular with teens all had alcohol ads 48. * Alcohol is increasingly advertised during programs that young people are more likely to watch than people of legal drinking age 49. Kids who watch TV are more likely to smoke * Even though tobacco ads are banned on TV, young people still see people smoking on programs and movies shown on television. The tobacco persistence uses product placement in films.Smoking in movies increased throughout the mid-nineties 50 . * Internal tobacco industry documents show that the tobacco industry purposefully m arkets their product to youth. The industry uses subtle strategies like logos at sporting events, product placement, and celebrities smoking to get around the ban on TV advertising for their products 51 . * Kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age. The relationship between television viewing and age of first smoking was stronger than that of peer smoking, parental smoking, and gender 52. Recent research has shown that exposure to smoking in movie characters increases the likelihood that viewers will associate themselves with smoking 52a. * Find out more about kids and tobacco. Kids get lots of information about sexuality from television * Most parents dont talk to their kids about sex and relationships, birth control and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Most schools do not offer complete sex education programs. So kids get much of their information about sex from TV. * Kids are probably not learning what their parents would like them to learn about sex from TV. * Sexual content is a real presence on TV.Soap operas, music videos, prime time shows and advertisements all contain lots of sexual content, but usually nothing about contraception or safer sex. * The number of sex scenes on TV has nearly doubled since 1998, with 70% of the top 20 most-watched shows by teens including sexual content 53. Fifteen percent of scenes with sexual intercourse depict characters that have just met having sex. Of the shows with sexual content, an average of five scenes per hour involves sex. * Watching sex on TV increases the chances a teen will have sex, and may cause teens to start having sex at younger ages.Even viewing shows with characters talking about sex increases the likelihood of sexual initiation 54. (Read more about this study. ) * Watching sexual content on TV is linked to decent pregnant or being responsible for a maternalism. Researchers found that even after controlling for other risk factors, the chance of teen pregnancy went up with more ex posure to sex on television 55. * On the flip side, TV has the potential to both educate teens, and foster news with parents. Watch with your kids, and use the sexual content on TV as a jumping-off point to talk with your teen about sex, responsible behavior and safety. To find out more, read * The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Parent summon on Sex, the Media and Your Child * The AAP s policy statement on Sexuality, contraceptive method and the Media How can I find out more about kids and TV? Here are some websites with helpful information * The Smart Parents assume to Kids TVfrom the AAP. * Guia para Ver la Television en Familia, a Spanish publication from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). * Guidelines for Rating Childrens Television, a guideline from PBS Ready To Learn. * Pautas para la evaluacion de los programas de television para ninos, the above guideline, in Spanish. Special issues for young children (2-11 years) and Special issues for teens addre ss some developmental issues. * Talking with kids about the news10 tips for parents. * The Federal chat Commissions (FCC) page on childrens educational TV. Visit these related topics on YourChild * Managing Television Tips for Your Family * Media and Media Literacy * Video Games * The Internet * Obesity * Sleep Problems * Reading What are some organizations that work on issues around kids and TV? * The Center for Media Literacy believes in authority through educationthat kids need to learn how to think critically about TV and other media. Media Awareness Network is a Canadian group with a wealth of information for parents. * The Center for Screentime Awareness sponsors National TV Turn-Off Week each year. Future TV Turn-Off Weeks are in resound and Fall April 19-25, 2010 & September 19-25, 2010. TV-Turnoff Week is supported by over 70 national organizations including the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, National Education Association, and President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. References Written and compiled by Kyla Boyse, RN. Reviewed by Brad Bushman, PhD